Colonies and the Revolution

Lure of Trade and Exploration•Trade networks already connected Africa,

Asia, and Europe▫exchange of cultures, goods, and services

Lure of Trade and Exploration•W. Europe= direct access to Asian goods•Italian and Muslim merchants controlled

trade routes▫looked for new sea routes

Lure of Trade and Exploration•Portugal led the way

▫1430s, colonized islands off the NW coast of Africa

▫1497, Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa and reached Asia

▫Monopoly of East-West Sea trade Spices and gold

Lure of Trade and Exploration•1500, slave trade dominated

▫Devastated Africa societies

The Explorers•Spain supported Christopher Columbus

reaching Asia ▫Oct. landed in the Bahamas= San Salvador▫Established a Spanish colony= La Navidad▫Ppl who were there= Indians

•Thought he was in Asia

The Explorers•Columbus constructed settlements and

introduced encomienda system▫forced American Indians to work, without

pay▫overwork and malnutrition▫Lacked resistance to diseases

•Indian population= wiped out•Spanish imported African slaves

The Explorers

•Marked the beginning of Trans-Atlantic conquest and colonization▫Lasted centuries

Quick Review•What factors pushed Europeans to

explore other parts of the world?

•How did the European invasion affect the natives of the “New World”?

•What did Christopher Columbus’ discovery mark the beginning of?

Activity: Reality of Columbus•In groups of 4 you will have 2 different

articles.•2 of you will read 30 Million and Counting•2 of you will read Examining the

Reputation of Christopher Columbus•Once all 4 are done reading the articles

explain your articles to the other group members

•Answer the questions on the worksheet

What the Spanish Found…

Empires in Trouble•Spanish appeared on American shores in

the early 1500s. At that time civil war weakened both the Aztec and Inca.

•In the Aztec Empire, a number of tribes began to rebel against their harsh Aztec rulers. Infuriated, Montezuma sent huge attacks against them.

Empires in Trouble •Rebellion was everywhere and the Aztec

were forced to fight in many areas at once. Because their armies were spread all over, they lost many battles.

•Also, war costs became very high. There were few resources left for making new conquests

Empires in Trouble •Higher war costs, less tribute (gold or

food or slaves) from new conquests, and a famine( loss of crops) in 1505 caused Montezuma to demand more tribute from his conquered tribes. This demand led to even more resentment and rebellion

•The Inca were also facing problems in their empire when Spanish adventurers, led by Francisco Pizarro, arrived in 1532.

Empires in Trouble •When the Inca ruler died in 1525, his two

sons, fought each other for the throne

•The northern half supported Atahualpa and the southern half supported Huascar.

•After three years of bloodshed, Atahualpa became the ruler of a greatly weakened empire.

Colonies and the Americas

Conquest of the Americas•Spanish goal: claim land, gain riches, and

spread Catholicism•1519, Hernan Cortes came to MX and

conquered the Aztec Empire▫Built Mexico city on the Aztec capital ▫Aztecs= encomienda system

Conquest of the Americas•1532, Francisco Pizzaro attacked the Inca

Empire▫Quick, brutal attack ▫Resisted for years till they fell to the

Spanish

Why was a Win so Easy?•Spanish weapons were superior

Why was a Win so Easy?•Montezuma believed Cortes= god

▫Walk into the capital•Cortes saw the Aztec culture= evil

▫Destroyed and replaced Christian faith

Why was a Win so Easy?•The 2 groups fought by different rules

▫Aztec took captives to kill in a ceremony▫Spanish fought to kill on the spot

Why was a Win so Easy?•Weakened and rebellious state of the 2

empires ▫Tribes were angry at the Aztec= helped as

guides and warriors

Why was a Win so Easy?•Disease had a disastrous effect

▫Smallpox and measles▫Spread rapidly

Conquest of the Americas•Traveled N

▫Settlements in AZ, CA, NM, and TX•1780, largest colonial empire EVER

▫Settlers divided land in farm communities and ranch estates

Conquest of the Americas•Social classes:

▫peninsulares - whites born in Spain▫creoles - whites born in Mexico▫mestizos - had both Spanish and Indian

parents

Conquest of the Americas•Catholic church= central role

▫Missionaries= common Convert American Indians

•Spanish influence is visible in the SW today▫Names, culture, architecture

Quick Review•Why did Spanish conquistadors explore

the Americas?

•How did Spain conqueror the Aztec and Inca Empires? Who is credited w/ conquering them?

•What were key characteristics of the Spanish Empire in the Americas?

Activity: Categorizing•Create a Categorizing Table•Explorers Destination

Result

Activity: Short Story•Write a creative short story set in the time

period and places covered today.

•Make up believable characters and put them into interesting situations that reflect your knowledge of the time period.

•MUST GIVE DETAILS

•AT least 4 paragraphs

Colonies and the RevolutionEnglish Colonies

Settling Virginia •1600s, Dutch, French, and English were

settling in east N.A.•England

▫13 colonies= provided raw materials

Settling Virginia •King James I issued the Charter of 1606

▫Organize settlements in VA▫Chesapeake Bay= Jamestown= barely

survived•Violence was common

▫Tobacco farms and Indians

Settling Virginia•1624= Unprofitable, charter revoked

▫Royal colony w/ a governor

Quick Review•What purpose did colonies serve to their

home nation?

•Where was the first permanent English settlement in North America? Name?

Activity: “Nightmare in Jamestown”•Watch the video•Follow along to answer the questions

Colonies and the RevolutionNew England Colonies

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