college on campus: american history chapter 29

7/23/2019 College on Campus: American History Chapter 29

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Richard Nixon on the Purpose of Lifehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPes!a"#tc

President Nixon$s %omestic Po&icyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r'(i(wdL)*s

Richard Nixon on +e&farehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ct#i,-n,ow

Nixon and %etentehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=di012345s6tart at 7:22

4it&e 5 at 87http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2"!987dyb6-

bby +ambach 4a&s 4it&e 5http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=;2w<b0('L!o

istory of 4>4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyr%P+NN7

4he @o&d +ar 7:77<A:B7http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=#@;B6)C'%7

4he Dietnam +ar 6imp&ifiedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7t<YEemw*s

Fnd of the Dietnam +ar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=954i*C,6AF

4he @arter dministrationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyNALPF-'7

Risin( 4ide of @onservatismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCrxD19DHA8

Reaga a! Amer"ca #ree!omhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=$h%D&p#'(aw

President 1era&d Cord: +hip nf&ation Now

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v="0Lw!sncY

"erry Ca&we&& Preachin(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ebc1r(Gds

"immy @arter on the Panama @ana&http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rP*-#0+@8

4he Rise of @onservatism

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G@rx%3#%



@o&&e(e studentswent to @hica(o to

he&p the city$s poorpeop&e tae contro&of their communities.4hey tar(eted aone<mi&e s!uaresection five mi&esnorth of the Loop the

city center. 4his areawas now as0ptown.



Newspapercentered from

0ptownH @hica(o wasca&&ed Risin( up

n(ry. 4his paperstated that there werein9ustices in the wor&dthat must be so&ved.4hese "GN or 6%6students &ived in0ptown and tried to

create a community.



4he @hica(o uptown pro9ectwas part of "GN I"obs or

ncome NowJwas one of theten pro9ects created by 6%6I6tudents for a %emocratic6ocietyJ.n "une 3#,B 4omayden issued a dec&aration

of princip&es Ka new ind ofpo&itica& movement thatwou&d brin( peop&e out ofiso&ation and into community.

4his was the uronstatement.



4he 6ixties was theconver(ence of society$s mostexc&uded membersdemandin( fu&& acceptance toa&& its benefits with the chi&drenof the midd&e c&ass re9ectin(the socia& main stream



Ey the pea in 3#,H 6%6 had 2A7 chapters and between,7H777 and 377H777 members promise to (ive peop&e contro&over the decisions affectin( their &ives appea&ed to more than a

mi&&ion students



Richard C&acs 6%6 member statedH Kchose betweendevotin( its resources and ener(ies to maintainin( mi&itary

superiority and internationa& he(emony or rechanne&in(those resources and ener(ies t meetin( the desperateneed of its peop&e. C&acs is a professor of history at 6antaEarbara.



"ames Ea&dwin uses the consensusof the abuses towards the b&acs.)ichae& arrin(ton shows the

abuses towards the pureM "ane"acobs critici*ed urban renewa&

Rache& @arsonexposed the

environmenta&costs foreconomics.



)ario 6avio was astudent &eader of the0niversity ofEere&eyM 4his is animpersona& machineM

@&asses over 3H777studentsM we mustre(ain di(nity



n economicsH a negative income tax Iabbreviated NITJ isa pro(ressive income tax system where peop&e earnin( be&ow a

certain amount receive supp&ementa& pay from the (overnmentinstead of payin( taxes to the (overnment. 6uch a system hasbeen discussed by economists but never fu&&y imp&emented. twas deve&oped by Eritish po&itician "u&iet Rhys<+i&&iams in the3#87s &ater by 0nited 6tates economist )i&ton CriedmanNe(ative income taxes can imp&ement a basic income or

supp&ement a (uaranteed minimum income system.n a ne(ative income tax systemH peop&e earnin( a certainincome &eve& wou&d owe no taxesM those earnin( more thanthat wou&d pay a proportion of their income above that &eve&Mand those be&ow that &eve& wou&d receive a payment of aproportion of their shortfa&&H which is the amount their incomefa&&s be&ow that &eve&.



Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition

Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyLyndon B. Johnson being sworn in



4he Dietnam

+ar



n u(ustH 3#,8 06 under the authori*ation or 6ecretary of %efense Robert

)cNamaraM 6tated the 06 ships were attaced by the North Dietnamese. 4heDietnam +ar started. n %ecember B77AH the Nationa& 6ecurity (ency fina&&ystated that there was no North Dietnam attac.



Nationa& 6ecurity

@ounci&:

Recommended that the0nited 6tates be(in airstries a(ainst NorthDietnam and introduce

merican (roundtroops in the 6outh.LE"$s approva& recordwent up to ;B from8B. merica$s most

unpopu&ar war startedup very popu&ar in theeyes of mericans



4he )addox 06 +arshipwas not shot at by the NorthDietnamese which caused theDietnam +ar with Fntry of the

0nited 6tates. LE" 1rantedthe 4onin Reso&ution (ranthim (reat power in the war



4he second 4onin 1u&f incident was ori(ina&&y c&aimed by the 0.6. Nationa& 6ecurity (ency to have occurred on u(ust 8H 3#,8H as another sea batt&eH but instead may

have invo&ved O4onin 1hostsO,Q Ifa&se radar ima(esJ and not actua& NDN torpedo boatattacs.

4he outcome of these two incidents was the passa(e by @on(ress of the 1u&f of 4onin

Reso&utionH which (ranted President Lyndon E. "ohnson the authority to assistany 6outheast sian country whose (overnment was considered to be 9eopardi*ed byOcommunist a((ressionO. 4he reso&ution served as "ohnsons &e(a& 9ustification for

dep&oyin( 0.6. conventiona& forces and the commencement of open warfare a(ainstNorth Dietnam.

n B77AH an interna& Nationa& 6ecurity (ency historica& study was dec&assifiedM it

conc&uded;Q that the Maddox had en(a(ed the North Dietnamese Navy on u(ust BH butthat there were no North Dietnamese Nava& vesse&s present durin( the incident of u(ust8. 4he report stated re(ardin( u(ust B:



LE" faced 3#,8 e&ection and new that a ma9or mi&itary setbac



LE" faced 3#,8 e&ection and new that a ma9or mi&itary setbacwou&d cripp&e his campai(n. e used his Nationa& 6ecurity

(ency and found there were two 0nited 6tates patro& boats thatwere attac. 4hese patro& boats never were attaced. Robert

)cNamara fabricated a &ie. LE" used this to esca&ate theDietnam +ar and especia&&y (ain the 1u&f of 4onin Reso&utions.Cu&& support from @on(ress



Vietnam and the New Left

y!o *oh+o,+ -ar



4he 06/@ &ed a coup a(ainst N(o %inh%iem since he cou&d not wor at unifyin( 6outh

orean. e persecuted the Euddhist



ennedy: K@ounterinsur(ency intervention to counter

interna& uprisin(s in on communist countries. a&t thespread of 4hird +or&d Revo&utions. %espite the dispatchof increased merican id and numerous mi&itaryadvisers. +e had 3;H777 06 mi&itary advisors in in 6outhDietnam.



Lyndon Johnson’s

Presidency

he 19% 0ect"o

he Co+ervat"ve 2"xt"e+



Creedom was aconstant word used inthe 3#,8 Presidentia&

F&ection: 1o&dwaterCreedom of )aretsM"ohnson freedomthrou(h (overnment




! a! 3ew )e4t+



%eeper in

the

-ua(mire



LE" ordered Ro&&in( 4hunder a campai(n to intensify airattacs a(ainst North Dietnam.



Ey &ate 3#, the 0nited 6tates had dropped more than 2mi&&ion tons of bombs on Dietnam and eventua& droppedmore than 2 times the tonna(e dropped by the &&ies on a&&

fronts durin( ++



Dietnamese were &oya& to the 0nited 6tates were shotin the streets of North Dietnam. 4his was foota(e onte&evision.



6eein( to ferret outDietcon( sympathi*ersH0nited 6tates troopedturned at any one timesas many as 8 mi&&ionpeop&e H one<!uarter ofthe popu&ation of 6outh

Dietnam becamerefu(ees. 4he 0nited6tates wou&d drop (entGran(e (as to mae

sure a&& Dietnamesewere out of a territory. @rue& (as



idin( and (ueri&&a warfare weremuch apart of the North Dietnams

strate(y. 4here were over B77H777mi&es of tunne&s in the Dietnam +ar




mer"ca a! 5"etam




Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

A burned store



4he

@redibi&ity1ap

)or&ey 6afer @E6 reported that in the vi&&a(e of @am Ne



y p (showed marines settin( fire to the thatches homes of civi&ians.4he rmy previous&y reported that the @am Ne was a fortifiedDietcon( buner. President "ohnson ridicu&ed 6afer and @E6.I6afer to&d the truthJ

4e&evision reporters exp&ained that there were B,



4e&evision reporters exp&ained that there were B,0nited 6tates deaths per wee in 3#,A to 37 deathsin 3#,;.



6enator . +i&&iam Cu&bri(ht of ransas speed the 4onin



6enator . +i&&iam Cu&bri(ht of ransas speed the 4oninReso&ution. oweverH he was the most adamant critic of theDietnam +ar.



Dietnam +ar )emoria&





The war in Vietnam was discussed

@yrus Dance Iri(htJ is discoura(ed &ie

6ecretary of %efense Robert )cNamara



)emoria& for the Prisoners of Dietnam +ar



anoi i&ton:

4he torture of aNorth Dietnamprison camp





A 1967 rally



The Freedom Movement

he R"+"g "!e o4 'rote+t



6earch and %estroyM merican p&anes dropped more tons of bombs onthe sma&& countries of North and 6outh Dietnam than both sided used

in a&& of ++





American soldiers in South Vietnam carrying

wounded men



1eneration in@onf&ict: 4he

4imes are a

@han(in(



@&ar err 0niversity of Eere&ey



@&ar err 0niversity of Eere&eypresident out &aw freedom ofspeech on the campus. "oan

Eae* (ave free concert atEere&ey promotin( freedom ofspeech. Eae* was arrested.





embers o! Students !or a "emocratic Society #S"S$

6%6 6tudents at Eer&ey





%olice arresting ario Sa&io

)ario 6avio arrested at

Eer&ey



@o&umbia 0niversityinvo&ved a protest inwhich defenseresearch occurredand a (ymnasium

bein( bui&t in a par



)ar Rudd of @o&umbia 0niversity enro&&ed to Ksearch fortruth in a wor&d that desperate&y need he&p. nstead found

corporation that made money from rea& estate (overnmentresearch contracts and student fees. @o&&e(es then a&&owedstudents to &ive off of campuses



4 d R dd &i i &b N



4oday Rudd &ives in &bu!uer!ueH New)exicoH with his wifeH )ar&a IPainterJ.38Q Rudd maintains a website ca&&ed)arRudd.com where he fre!uent&y

posts essays and other writin(sHinc&udin( his opinions oncontemporary issuesH and a persona&appearance schedu&e.3AQ e trave&saround the country in support of thenew&y reborn 6tudents for a

%emocratic 6ociety. RuddH a&on( withErian e&&y of Pace 6%6H have he&pedestab&ish ties between the new 6%6and the ent 6tate 0niversitymovement. e recent&y pub&ishedanother boo on his time with 6%6and 4he +eathermen ca&&ed

K0nder(round: )y Life with the 6%6and the +eathermenH which waspub&ished by arper @o&&ins in B77#and is more a persona& memoir on his&ife and times rather than a po&itica&statement as was his first boo.




he #a!"g Co+e+u+

he R"+e o4 2tu!et+ 4or a Democrat"c 2oc"ety 62D27



6an Crancisco

ai(ht<shbury



@ar& G(&esbys father was from 6outh@aro&inaH and his mother from &abama.

4hey met in ronH GhioH where @ar&s fatherwored in the rubber mi&&s.3Q @ar&pro(ressed throu(h the ron Pub&ic 6choo&6ystemH winnin( a pri*e in his fina& year fora speech in favor of mericas @o&d+ar stance. e went to ent 6tate0niversityM but dropped out in his third yearto try to mae his way as an actor andp&aywri(ht in 1reenwich Di&&a(eHa bohemian area of New Yor. fter a yearHhe returned to ent 6tate and (raduatedHwritin( three p&ays Iinc&udin( Oa we&&<received wor on the atfie&d<)c@oy feudOJ

3Q and an unfinished nove&. e wored atodd 9obs unti&H around 3#,7H he cameto )ichi(an.



Eob %y&an and 6ue Roto&o &ived in 1reenwich Di&&a(e )anhattan



Griswold v. Connecticut H 23 0.6. 8;#

I3#,AJH3Q

is a &andmar case in which the6upreme @ourt of the 0nited 6tates ru&edthat the @onstitution protected a ri(ht toprivacy. 4he case invo&ved a @onnecticutstatute that prohibits any person fromusin( Oany dru(H medicina& artic&e orinstrument for the purpose of preventin(conception.O Ey a vote of ;SBH the6upreme @ourt inva&idated the &aw on the

(rounds that it vio&ated the Ori(ht tomarita& privacyO.



4urn onH 4une inH %rop outH 4imothy Leahry



Leahry was



Leahry wasarrested B#different times



"oan Eae*and Eob%y&an



A 'oster listing some o! the 'er!ormers





%romoter o! the hallucinogenic drug LS"(

listening to the band )uic*sil&eressenger Ser&ice



Eetween 877H777<A77H777 peop&e (athered at a farmin +oodstocH New Yor to &isten to the 3#,7$s )usic.No po&iceH few restroomH &itt&e food but a (reat dea& ofmusic and dru(s.





Two young members o! the countercultureat their wedding in +ew e,ico.




Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyAntiwar %rotest

Vietnam and Watergate



U he 0! o4 the 5"etam -ar



Crom @ampusProtest to )ass

)obi&i*ation




he At"war ovemet

he Coutercuture

er+oa )"berat"o a! the #ree !"v"!ua



%ow @hemica& came to the 0niversity of +isconsin tointerview students for 9obs. Gver BH777 students protest

a(ainst %ows use of napa&m in the Dietnam +ar. Dio&ence bythe po&ice occurred.



%ean Rus6 f 6



6ecretary of 6tate:Gn NE@ )eet thePressH stated: 4he

net effect of thesedemonstration wi&&

be to pro&on( thewarH not to shortenit.



%an and Phi&ip Eerri(an two"esuit priests raided the draftboard offices and pourednapa&m on records.

4here wou&d bea V37H777 fine



for any draft

card burned. nestimated87H777 bombin(incidentsoccurred. +ithover VB3 mi&&ionin dama(e and82 peop&es &ives&ost in nti<

Dietnam +ar%emonstrations



4eena(e

6o&diers

+orin( c&ass youn( men disproportionate&y frican mericanHLatino si(ned up in &ar(e numbers under inducements. 0nti&3#,# the 6e&ective 6ervice 6ystem the draft (ave deferments toco&&e(e students and to worers in se&ected occupations



co&&e(e students and to worers in se&ected occupations.4he poor a&so bore the brunt of come combat. +hereas co&&e(e(raduates constituted on&y 3B of the B.A mi&&ion men whoserved in Dietnam and # who were i&&ed in combat. i(h6choo& dropouts were the most &ie&y to serve in combat.



ee 2o!"er+ " 5"etam-ar



a



)uhammad &i: 6poe up for the anti<Dietnam war movement by c&aimed to

be a consciousness ob9ector with hiss&am faith. &i &ost crown and mi&&ions ofdo&&ars.



0nited 6tates so&dier in Dietnam smoin( mari9uanathrou(h an empty barre& of a rif&e.

87 of the ., mi&&ion who served came bac withdru( dependency of symptom of post traumatic stressdisorder



disorder.



+ar on

Poverty

Lyndon Johnson’s



Presidency

he -ar o 'overty



umb&ebac(round wentto 4exas 6tate@o&&e(eM +oredfor NY INew

%ea&J. 4ire&esscon(ressman



4he 1reat

6ociety



@hica(o 3#, @onvention



4he Fconomic Gpportunity ct of u(ust 3#,8+as to create 9obs for the poor. 4he most innovative ancontroversia& e&ement was @P @ommunity ction Pro(ramwhich mandated Kmaximum feasib&e participation 4he 6%6



which mandated maximum feasib&e participation. 4he 6%6

be&ieved that this wou&d empower the poor by (ivin( them adirect say in mobi&i*in( resource.



Lyndon Johnson’sP id



Presidency

ree!om a! 0ua"ty



D64: n LE" pro(ram which was simi&ar to the Peace @orps but he&p

the inner city peop&e in poverty instead of the wor&d poverty issue.



ead start ear&y

support for education



"ohnson never committed himse&f to rea&&ocation income orwea&th. 6pendin( on socia& we&fare 9umped from ;.; of the1NP in 3#,7 to 3, in 3#;8. Eut rou(h&y three<!uarters ofsocia& we&fare payments went to the non<poor. 4he &ar(est



sums went to )edicare estab&ished by @on(ress in 3#,A

avin( made the &ar(est commitment to federa&spendin( on socia& we&fare since the New %ea&H "ohnsoncou&d tae pride in the number of pro(rams passed by@on(ress.



@on(ress.



LE"$s Library at the 0niversityof 4exas ustinH 4exas

Proposition 38 which I@a&iJrepea&ed a 3#,2 &aw bannin(racia& discrimination in thesa&e of rea& estate deve&opers



@onservative 6ixties YC IYoun( mericans for CreedomJ



6haronH @onn. ome of +i&&iam Euc&eyestab&ishes YC and the 6haron 6tatement

YC and the Nationa& Review did however endorse racist 6enator6trom 4hurmond of 6outh @aro&inaM Creedom ward was (ive to



4hurmond



@risis in

cities

@ites wi&& destroy o&d house and bui&d newhi(hways.



Dietnam +ar brou(ht the unemp&oyment rate down from, to 8 in 3#,,. Yet E&ac unemp&oyment was near&ytwice of the white unemp&oyment



0rban

0prisin(s



2, peop&e died and #77 were in9ured in +atts riots of3#,A

NewarH New"ersey a city withsevere housin(



severe housin(

shorta(es and thenations hi(hestb&ac

unemp&oyment ratethe bearin( andarrest of a b&actaxi driver by a

white po&ice officerspared a protestBA died.



3#,

Year of

4urmoi&



198: ;ear o4 urmo"



)ay 3#, riots occurred in Paris overpersona& &iberties and educationa& reform

196



he <oba 198

)exico 3#,



6tudent riotsand E&ac%emonstration at G&ympic

1ames

196



;ear o4 urmo"



4et

Gffensive

4he 0nited 6tatessuccessfu& stopped thea((ression of the NorthDietnamese. 4he Dietcon(



and North Dietnamesesuffered more than 87H777deaths about one<fifth oftheir tota& force. 4he 4etGffensive despite the 0nited6tates success weaen thereso&ve of many mericans.News covera(e and4e&evision views on&y saw

the beautifu& ancient city ofue destroyed.



+ith the embarrassment

of the 4et Gffensive LE"wou&d not run a(ain forpresident.



in(H the +arand the

ssassination



fter the assassination ofennedy Fu(ene

)c@arthy and ubertumphrey were frontrunners. )c@arthy was a&ibera& %emocrat and white

suburbanites. )c@arthywas a(ainst the Diet namewar and the campuses ca&&this the chi&dren$s crusade.



4he +ho&e

+or&d s+atchin(

+hen b&ac demonstrationsoccurred after )artin Lutherin(s assassination @hica(o)ayor %a&ey was firm not to



have any riots in his city. %a&eywas harsh to the b&acs.+hen the @hica(o @onventionoccurred u(ust B3<B, occurred%a&ey stopped a&& nti<+ar

demonstrations. Dio&ence andstrict conduct was uphe&d.%ai&ey wou&d not authority ademonstration permit to nti<

+ar demonstrators.)ari&yn Cran&in Ia ward director of ab&ac section in @hica(oH %a&ey and in(J



%urin( the Presidentia& campai(n. %a&ey sta(ed a po&iceriot. No demonstrations were a&&owed and many werebeatenH arrested and detain for (reat periods of time durin(the %emocratic @onvention of 3#, in @hica(o



Repub&ican

Dictory



4he ubert umphrey presidentia& campai(n of 3#, be(an when Dice President ofthe 0nited 6tates ubert umphrey of )innesota decided to see the %emocraticParty nomination for President of the 0nited 6tates fo&&owin( the announcement byPresident Lyndon E. "ohnson that he wou&d not see the partys nomination."ohnson had been sta&&ed by the anti<Dietnam +ar candidacy of 6enator Fu(ene)c@arthy of )innesotaH who a&on( with 6enator Robert C. ennedy of New YorH

became the main opponents for umphrey 4he contest between the men featured



became the main opponents for umphrey. 4he contest between the men featureda batt&e for contro& of the %emocratic PartyH and cast umphreys Oo&d po&iticsOHa(ainst the Onew po&iticsO of )c@arthy and ennedy. 4he main cause of the divisionwas the Dietnam +arH which intensified durin( umphreys tenure as Dice Presidentand (rew increasin(&y unpopu&ar.

umphrey entered the race too &ate to participate in any primariesH and re&ied onOfavorite sonO candidates to he&p him win de&e(ates. e a&so &obbied forendorsements from powerfu& bosses within the %emocratic PartyH which providedhim with necessary de&e(ates. 4his traditiona& approach was critici*ed by the othercandidatesH who hoped to win the nomination from popu&ar support. Robert ennedywas assassinated in "une 3#,H &eavin( )c@arthy as his on&y opponentH unti& the3#, %emocratic Nationa& @onventionH when 6enator 1eor(e )c1overn of 6outh%aota ran as the successor of ennedy. umphrey won the partys nomination atthe @onvention on the first ba&&otH amidst riots in @hica(o. e se&ected &itt&e<nown6enator Fdmund )usie of )aine as his runnin( mate.



President Ni!on

U3" o a! -e4are



3"xo a! -e4areU 3"xo a! Race

Richard Nixon on +e&farehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ct#i,-n,ow

Vietnam

U3"xo a! 5"etam



3"xo a! 5"etam

4he Dietnam +ar 6imp&ifiedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7t<YEemw*s

4h



4he

Princip&es

of dentity

E&



E&ac

Power

4he E&acPanther Partyfounded inGa&andH

@a&ifornia in 3#,,



@a&ifornia in 3#,,by uey NewtonI&eftJ and Eobby

6ea& Iri(htJbe&ieved in E&acLeather "ustice.

Dio&ence ifnecessary. 6ea&ewas incarceratedfor 37 ears.



Rev. "esse "acson ra&&ied frican mericans in@hica(o to boycott >P supermarets ti&& >Phired ;77 b&ac worers.



"esse "acson$s attac on >P created more opportunities forb&acs.



uey Newton attended the 0niversity of 6an CranciscoLaw 6choo&. +ith the E&ac Panthers brou(ht in thestudies of frican merican istory @&ass as mandatory.@&eve&and 6tate then fo&&owed suit.

)any famous b&acs chan(ed their names such asmamu miri Iformer&y Leroi "onesJ )uhammad &iIformer&y @assius @&ayJ and wame 4oure Iformer&y6toe&y @amrichae&J re9ected their Ks&ave names.



6wann vs. @har&otte



6wann vs. @har&ottethe 9usticesunanimous&y approveda &ower court$s p&anthat re!uired the

extensivetransportation ofstudents to achieveinte(ration

Reed vs. Rhodes wasa court case whicha&&owed forced busin(

for inte(ration in Ghio@& & d t&



for inte(ration in Ghio.@&eve&and was (reat&yeffected

6an ntonio ndependent 6choo& %istrict v.Rodri(ue*: @ourt ma9ority ru&ed that the@onstitution did not re!uire e!ua&ity of schoo&fundin(.

)i&ien v Erad&ey

n %etroit I3#;8J the 9ustices overturned a &owercourt order that re!uired %etroit$s



court order that re!uired %etroit spredominant&y white suburb to enter into are(iona& dese(re(ation p&an with the city$sheavi&y minority system. 4his (uaranteed thehousin( se(re(ation wou&d mirror pub&iceducation.



Richard and )i&dredLovin( sued and wona&&owin( their mixedracia& marria(e

&fred .)ayer$s court

case e&iminated



case e&iminatedhousin(discriminationfor minorities

s "ustice Erennan saidin Baker v. Carr H 2,# 0.6. 3,HB3; I3#,BJH O4he doctrine ofwhich we treat is one of po&itica&

!uestionsH not one of po&itica&



! pcases. 4he courts cannot re9ectas no &aw suit a bona fidecontroversy as to whether someaction denominated po&itica&exceeds constitutiona&

authority.O 4his distinction isimportant to remember. Notevery po&itica&&y char(ed casesatisfies the po&itica& !uestiondoctrineM in fact few actua&&y doHeven where one of the parties tothe case is a po&itica& Ie&ectedJ

branch of (overnment.

6i t h d



6isterhood



A race o!!icial tried to eect /athrine Swit0er !rom

the Boston arathon



&ice Pau& and the +omen$sPartyH FR had been revivedby second wave feminist. n3#;B the @on(ress approvedthe FR howeverH Phy&&is6ch&af&y opposed the FR of3#;B and 2 states.

Phy&&is 6ch&af&y wasfundamenta&&y differentin that she campai(neda(ainst the F!ua& Ri(hts

mendment. 6he



mendment. 6hec&aimed that theamendment wou&d taeaway the ri(ht to be a

housewife

Gne of the women$s (roupactivist created pub&icity forthe movement by stormin(the 3#, )iss mericaEeauty Pa(eant in t&antic

@ity. 4hey crowned a &ive



y ysheep as !ueen and threwimp&ements of fema&etorture IbrasH (ir&sH cur&ers

and a copy of Ladies ome"ourna&J



Eetween 3#;7 and3#;A as many as 3A7women studies

pro(rams were



p (estab&ishedM by 3#7offered at co&&e(es anduniversities throu(hout

the 0nited 6tatesH andthe mumber of womenin the wor forcecontinued to (row.



The New Movementsand the "ights

"evo#$tion



he Feminine Mystique

ome,+ )"berat"o

President Ni!on

U he Cot"u"g 2exua Revout"o



A 197 women2s liberation demonstration

at the Statue o! Liberty



boo writtenby a (roup ofEoston

women dea&tfran&y with



fran&y withmisunderstands of women$shea&th and sex

nti<(ay commentswere seen with nita

Eryant a fami&iarfixture in te&evised



Gran(e "uicecommercia&sH %ade@ountyH C&oridaH

passed an anti<(ayordinance under thebanner K6ave Gur@hi&dren



marr"e! -ome 6+exuarevout"o7



Cogre++ appprove+ "te >



"te >



4it&e 5 at 87

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2"!987dyb6-

bby +ambach 4a&s 4it&e 5http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=;2w<b0('L!o



1rove @ity @o&&e(e v. Ee&&H 8,A 0.6. AAA I3#8JH was a case in

which the 0nited 6tates 6upreme @ourt he&d that 4it&e 5H whichapp&ies on&y to co&&e(es and universities that receive federa&fundsH cou&d be app&ied to a private schoo& that refused directfedera& fundin( but where a &ar(e number of students had

received federa&&y funded scho&arships. 4he @ourt a&so he&dthat the federa& (overnment cou&d re!uire a statutori&y



mandated Oassurance of comp&ianceO with 4it&e 5 even thou(hno evidence had been presented to su((est that 1rove @ity@o&&e(e had discriminated in any way. oweverH the @ourt a&so

he&d that the re(u&ation wou&d on&y app&y to the institutionsfinancia& aid departmentH not to the schoo& as a who&e.

+hi&e i&&sda&e @o&&e(e was not a party to this caseH the resu&t

of this case direct&y inf&uenced that institution to dec&ine a&&federa& aid startin( with the fa&& 3#8 semesterH a practice thatcontinues today. 1rove @ity fo&&owed suit in 3#H estab&ishin(a &oan pro(ram with PN@ Ean instead.

1ay



1ayLiberation

6tonewa&& Ear in NewYor$s 1reenwich Di&&a(e is

a (ay bar. 6teppin( out ofthe c&oset started at this bar



the c&oset started at this bar

n the )id 3#A7$s two pioneerin( homophi&e or(ani*ations the)attachien 6ociety and %au(hters of Ei&itis campai(neda(ainst discrimination in emp&oyment. &so North Eeach in6an Crancisco were nown for bein( (ay.



omosexua& arryay founded the

)attachine 6ocietythe first (ay



( yor(ani*ation in thewor&d.



The New Movementsand the "ights

"evo#$tion



er+oa #ree!om

ay )"berat"o



Lesbian )a(a*ines such as the Ladder and 1ir&friend are apartof the 3#,7$s movement for women

<ay )"berat"o



@hicano



@hicano

Rebe&&ion

@esar@have* and

%o&ores t



uerta wereheadin( a

nationwideboycott ofnon<union<

piced rapesand &ettuce.



@esar @have*H the son ofmi(rant farm worers and adiscip&e of in( &ed nationa&

boycotts of 1rapes



%ia(eo Rivera a @hicano mura&ist painted an estimated 3HA77mura&s on exteriors of retai& shops to freeway over passes.

n 3#22H Rivera was commissioned to paint a mura& at the Rocefe&&er @enter in New Yor @ity. 4hemura&H tit&ed )an at the @rossroads Looin( with 0ncertainty but with ope and i(h Dision to the

@hoosin( of a @ourse Leadin( to a New and Eetter CutureH is divided into two sections: the &eftsection is the e&itist society en9oyin( &ife to the maximum whi&e drinin(H partyin( and p&ayin( cards.Eeside them is a (roup protestin( and carryin( banners statin( O+e +ant +orH Not @harityO whi&emounted po&ice c&ub them. 4he ri(ht section is Riveras vision of peace < no hun(erH no disorderH novio&ence or warHa&& of which have been eradicated by socia&ism. 4he most controversia& aspect of%ie(o Rivera$s mura& was the ima(e of Lenin with the Ofi(ures of a so&dierH a b&ac farmerH and a whiteworerO 9oinin( hands as if in power. 4his mura& caused a ma9or po&itica& uproar and the pro9ect wassuspended and in the endH the mura& was destroyed in 3#2A.



%ie(o showin( the merits of socia&ism in Rocefe&&er @enter.



%ie(o$s wor Rocefe&&er @enter



Red or



Red or

ndianPower



4he Lon(est +a& was by Red Power which was a five monthmatch in 3#; from 6an Crancisco to +ashin(ton. 6howedthe 0nited 6tates vio&ation to triba& treaties.



O4he Lon(est +a&O I3#;J was an )<&ed spiritua& wa& across the country to

support triba& soverei(nty and brin( attention to 33 pieces of anti<ndian &e(is&ationM ) be&ieved that the proposed &e(is&ation wou&d have abro(ated ndian 4reatiesH!uantified and &imited water ri(htsH etc. 4he first wa& be(an on Cebruary 33H 3#;Hwith a ceremony on &catra* s&andH where a 6acred Pipe was &oaded with tobacco.4he Pipe was carried the entire distance. 4his 2HB77<mi&e IAH377 mJ<+a&spurpose was to educate peop&e about the 06 (overnments continuin( threat to

4riba& 6overei(ntyM it ra&&ied thousands representin( many ndian Nationsthrou(hout the 0nited 6tates and @anada. 4raditiona& spiritua& &eaders from manytribes participatedH &eadin( traditiona& ceremonies. nternationa& spiritua& &eadersH



(primari&y from "apanH a&so supported the +a&.

Gn "u&y 3AH 3#;H O4he Lon(est +a&O entered +ashin(tonH %[email protected] with severa&

thousand ndians and a number of non<ndian supporters. 4he traditiona& e&ders &edthem to the +ashin(ton )onumentH where the Pipe carried across the country wassmoed. Gver the fo&&owin( weeH they he&d ra&&ies at various sites to addressissues: the 33 pieces of &e(is&ationH merican ndian po&itica& prisonersH forcedre&ocation at Ei( )ountainH the Nava9o NationH etc. Non<ndian supporters inc&udedthe merican boxer )uhammad &iH 06 6enator 4ed ennedy and the actor )ar&on

Erando. 4he 06 @on(ress voted a(ainst a proposed bi&& to abro(ate treaties withndian Nations. %urin( the wee after the activists arrivedH @on(ress passed the merican ndian Re&i(ious Creedom ctH which a&&owed them the use of peyote inworship. President "immy @arter refused to meet with representatives of 4heLon(est +a&

Gn November B7H 3#,# a (roup of # ndians c&aimed the

is&and of &catra* accordin( to the terms of the 3, 4reatywith 6ioux the (ave ndians ri(hts to unused federa&property on ndian Land. Cor the next nineteen months ahundred ndian and 7 0@L students occupied the is&and.



4he movement of thendians too over



ndians too over &catra*H s&and)ovement was stron(er



The New Movements and the "ights"evo#$tion



Re! 'ower

sian



sian

Rebe&&ion

t 6an Crancisco 6tateuniversity a (roup of sian formed the sian merican Po&itica&

a&&iance which @a&<Eer&ey modified to



Eer&ey modified toYe&&ow Power. 4hese

(roups stood firm&ya(ainst the Dietnam +ar.4hey a&so protest the &ac

of inte(ration the 0nited6tates had for 6outheast sian peop&e.

4hrou(hout 3#, and 3#,#H sian merican co&&e(e students

boycotted c&asses and demanded he estab&ishment of ethnicstudies pro(rams. Ey 3#;2H ma9or university introduced courseson sian merican studies and a few set up interdiscip&inarydepartments.



)aine on(in(stons +oman

+arrior: )emoir ofa 1ir&hood amon(



a 1ir&hood amon(1hosts became ama9or best se&&er. tshowed the

importance of sian@u&ture.

n 3#, a (roup presented the 6an Crancisco municipa& (roup

made a &ist of (rievances with the sians. KYe&&ow Power.



4he Nixon



4he Nixon

Presidency

+i,on was loo*ed at as a

reactionists



President Ni!on

U 3"xo,+ Dome+t"c 'o"c"e+



President Nixon$s %omestic Po&icyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r'(i(wdL)*s



+i,on did not ha&e the 'olitical sa&&y as /ennedy. +i,on lost a

+ational Tele&ision debate with /ennedy because o! is lac* o!

con!idence and calm



Nixon abo&ished theGffice of FconomicGpportunities but (avemore food stamps andhe&p 6ocia& 6ecurity



Nixon had an exce&&entrecord with inte(ration.4he southern schoo&shad a 2B of it$s

students attendin(inte(rated schoo&srose to ;;



)aybe the (reatest misca&cu&ation in the history of merican forei(nre&ations. merica$s invo&vement in Diet Nam. ow do you win a warwhen in a !ua(mire? +in a war with counterinsur(ency fai&ed



%omesticP &i



Po&icy

%anie& )oynihanwith Richard Nixon



%anie& )oynihan was the advisor for the fami&y ssistanceP&an which proposed a minima& income for the poor inp&ace of we&fare benefits @onservatives 9ud(ed the p&an

too (enerous. 4he p&an was too expensive and was i&&ed.



Le(a& system was chan(ed from the Far& +arren tothe +arren Eur(er system. 4he Eur(er system stayedaway from &ibera& direction it had taen since 3#A7H



Nixon ended the C%@: e rep&acethe C%@ byhavin( the federa&(overnment

(uarantee aminimum incomefor a&& mericans



for a&& mericansa&so nown as

we&fare.

Richard Nixon on the Purpose of Lifehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPes!a"#tc

Phi&ade&phia p&an went a(ainst"ohnson$s %epartment of Laborre!uirement that Cedera& contractsmust have a specific number ofminorities on the payro&&. Nixon toothis same idea but with different

intentions. is intentions were tobrea up the %emocratic Party. Eyhavin( a division with 3J E&acs BJLabor 0nions



f the b&acs are (iven more of

opportunity it wou&d diminish theamount of power in a union.E&acs and Labor 0nions werepredominant&y democratic now werein a rife.

Nixon initiatesthe ne(ativeincome tax that

wou&d rep&ace C%@ byhavin( the



federa&(overnment(uarantee aminimumincome for a&&

mericans

Nixon and %etentehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=di012345s 6tart at 7:22

Nixon$s



+ar



)uch of theresponsibi&ity forpro&on(in( the warrested with enry

issin(er. Nixon$snationa& securityd i f f &



adviser. forcefu&persona&ityHH issin(erinsisted that the 0nited6tates cou&d not retainits (&oba& &eadership by

appearin( wea. e&ater said he waswron(.



Dietnami*ationwas theprocess inwhich the

6outhDietnamese



wou&d be ab&e

to tae over itsown affairs andwar. Nixon

Ditetnami*ationwas a &ie.



4he 6outh Dietnamese did not have theresourceH expertise to fi(ht on its own.



Gn pri& 27H3#;7 Nixon ordered the invasion of @ambodia.Nixon a month ear&ier said he is (oin( to tae B7H777 troops

from Dietnam which he did. owever he brou(ht in BAH777troops for the @ambodia nvasion. 6tudent @ampusdemonstrated for this betraya&



ent 6tate %emonstrations after @ambodia nvasion



4he four that diedin the Dietnam6hootin(s.



wee before shootin(the RG4@ bui&din( atent was burnt down



6tudent demonstrations with rebe&&ions a(ainstDietnam +ar: London 6choo& of Fconomics



fter a (reat dea& of ne(ative pub&icity the @on(ressstopped (ivin( fundin( for @ambodia startin( "u&y 3H3#;7.



Gn @hristmas %ay 3#;B hopin( for a better ne(otiationpositionH Nixon ordered one fina& wave of bombin(.



4he Paris Peace a(reement si(ned by the 0nited 6tates in"anuary 3#;2 differed &itt&e from the sett&ement Nixon cou&dhave procured in 3#,#.



4he Paris Peace ccords of 3#;2 intended to estab&ish peace in Dietnam and

an end to the Dietnam +arH ended direct 0.6. mi&itary invo&vementH andtemporari&y stopped the fi(htin( between North and 6outh Dietnam. 4he(overnments of the %emocratic Repub&ic of Dietnam INorth DietnamJH theRepub&ic of Dietnam I6outh DietnamJH and the 0nited 6tatesH as we&& as theProvisiona& Revo&utionary 1overnment IPR1J that represented indi(enous6outh Dietnamese revo&utionariesH si(ned the (reement on Fndin( the +ar

and Restorin( Peace in Dietnam on "anuary B;H 3#;2. 4he a(reement wasnot ratified by the 0nited 6tates 6enate.3QBQ

4he ne(otiations that &ed to the accord be(an in 3#, after various &en(thy



4he ne(otiations that &ed to the accord be(an in 3#, after various &en(thyde&ays. s a resu&t of the accordH the nternationa& @ontro& @ommission I@@J

was rep&aced by nternationa& @ommission of @ontro& and 6upervision I@@6Jto fu&fi&& the a(reement. 4he main ne(otiators of the a(reement were 0nited6tates Nationa& 6ecurity dvisor enry issin(er and Dietnamese po&itburomember LW Xc 4hZM the two men were awarded the 3#;2 Nobe& Peace Pri*efor their effortsH a&thou(h LW Xc 4hZ refused to accept it.

4he +ar @ost V3A7 Ei&&ion 4he Nation had not on&y fai&ed

to achieve its stated war (oa& but &ost an important post in6outheast sia



Payin(



y (

the @hina@ard

Pin( pon( dip&omacy referred to Nixon and issin(erwou&d improve the re&ations with @hina.



n 3#;B Pat and Richard Nixon f&ew to @hinato deve&op better re&ations with @hina$sCorei(n )inister ou Fn&ai



Nixon$s



Corei(n Po&icy



Nixon went to )oscow to ne(otiate woth Leonid Ere*hnev.Ere*hnevH K4here must be room in this wor&d for two (reat nationwith different systems to &ive to(ether and wor to(ether. Nixon

a(reed to wor with Russia with 6L4 and .Istrate(ic arms &imitation treatyJ



Nixon meets withEre*hnev of 066R

President Ni!on

U 3"xo a! Dtete



part from Dietnam Nixon$s forei(n po&icy was simi&ar to

oover and Fisenhower. 4his po&icy was to prove communismwas a unsuccessfu& system which cou&d conci&iate internationa&foes with undermine their popu&arity at ome. Nixon used%[tente Ifriend&yJ instead of the bi<po&ari*ation. Nixon didimprove the 0nited 6tates re&ations with @hina and he 6oviet0nion.



n a continuation of Nixon$s po&icy of detente H the0nited 6tates si(ned an a(reement at e&siniHCin&and. 6ecretary of 6tate issin(er and his 6ovietscounter partH ndr[ 1romyo



Nixon didhowever supp&y

missi&es to the6hah of ran



and Cerdinand)arcos of thePhi&ippines.

Nixon$s @ was

responsib&e intrainin( 6Dan ranian



terrorist (roup tosupport the6hah.

Nixon$s @ i&&ed@hi&ean President

&&ende and capturedH

tortured and murderedthousands of hissupporter. Nixon then& 1 &

@hi&ean President &&ende



p&ace 1enera& u(usto Pinochet(rantin( him financia&assistance to

reestab&ish thecountry.



%irty 4rics



and the 3#;B

Nixon formed a secret s!uad the p&umbers to ha&t the

troub&esome information &eas which went out to the media. 4heteam was headed by @ a(ent F. oward unt and 1 1ordonLiddy. 4he first person on their hit &ist was %anie& F&&sber( whowrote the Penta(on Papers. F&&sber( turned over secretdocuments to the press whi&e worin( with 06 %epartment of

%efense.



+ater(ate:Nixon$s



Nixon s%ownfa&&



+ashin(ton Post Newspaper rised theirentire business on the faith of two reports

@ar& Eernstein and Eob +oodward andthere faith in accusin( the President of the



+ater(ate Gffice Eui&din(




U -atergate




U 3"xo,+ #a



Fnd of the Dietnam +ar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=954i*C,6AF

college on campus: american history chapter 29

Documents