college of arts and sciences padre faura st., ermita
TRANSCRIPT
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
College of Arts and Sciences
Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila
AN ANALYSIS OF MENRO’S POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BRGY. SAN ISIDRO, RODRIGUEZ, RIZAL.
A Thesis Paper Presented to Professor Doroteo C. Abaya, Jr.
University of the Philippines Manila
College of Arts and Sciences
Department of Social Sciences
In Partial Fulfillment of the course Political Science 198
Second Semester A.Y. 2018-2019
Presented by:
Gabrielle Balbido Allabo
2015-00077
Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
May 2019
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
College of Arts and Sciences
Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course Political Science 198 for
the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, the undergraduate thesis attached
entitled “An Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste
Management in Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal” prepared by Ms. Gabrielle B.
Allabo is hereby presented to the Political Science Program under the Department of
Social Sciences of the College of Arts and Sciences for approval.
Prof. Doroteo C. Abaya, Jr. Prof. Jerome A. Ong
Adviser Department Chair
Political Science 198 Department of Social Sciences
Abstract
The role of the Informal Waste Sector in solid waste management is a topic rarely
discussed in fields dealing with problems on solid waste. Rodriguez, Rizal is a host
municipality that houses garbage disposals from various cities such as those from Metro
Manila. With the closing of the Payatas Sanitary Landfill, the members of the Informal
Waste Sector in Rodriguez grew which resulted in the opening of various illegal waste
management practices. These practices include scavenging or waste-picking, private
dumpsites, and junk shop operation among others. A literature suggested that one
particular way of dealing with these is through the integration of the Informal Waste into
the formal programs on Solid Waste Management. Despite being able to contribute to the
management of wastes in a community, members of the Informal Waste Sector are not
fully integrated into the formal programs existing in a community. This study aimed to
assess the factors that contribute to the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into
the formal arrangements of waste management, focusing primarily on MENRO –
Rodriguez’ policy- implementation in Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the
implications of such.
Acknowledgements
There are only a handful of points in life that one can call as a defining moment. I
couldn’t deny the fact that this study is one of those defining moments in my life. The
success of this study is not possible without the help and support of several individuals
and institutions. I will be forever grateful to the time, energy, and effort that they had
shared in order for this study to reach the finish line. First and foremost, I would like to
thank the University of the Philippines – Manila, especially to all of the professors and
staff of the Political Science Program and the Department of Social Sciences for instilling
in us the importance of theory and practice. Thank you for providing an academic
environment where students are not inhibited to think freely and be critical to the various
social ills existing in our society. Thank you for opening our eyes to what really matters:
serving the Filipino people.
Thank you to Professor Doroteo C. Abaya, Jr. for guiding and supporting all of us
in accomplishing our thesis. Since day one, Prof. Abaya has been one of the many
teachers that inculcated the importance of providing a voice to those who are not usually
heard. Thank you for believing in this study and for always instilling the essence of a
socially-relevant study.
Thank you to Professor Chester Arcilla who shared his time and effort in helping
this study find its relevant participants. A large thank you to all the participants who
agreed to join this study. A large part of this study’s success is because of and dedicated
to all of you. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to the Municipal Environment
and Natural Resources Office – Rodriguez for their warm welcome and their kind
acceptance of the interview. I sincerely hope that this study would help in strengthening
the Solid Waste Management Policy of Rodriguez, Rizal.
I would also like to acknowledge several works and individuals that inspired me
to pursue the environmental line of study. First, the 2006 documentary film An
Inconvenient Truth which helped sparked my early interest on environment conservation,
second is the inspiring story of Lauren Singer and her company Trash is for Tossers
which greatly contributed to my interest in sustainable lifestyle, and third Professor
Josephine D. Agapito who reminded us students through her teachings in Natsci 5 class
that we only have one home planet and we ought to protect and conserve it.
I would also like to thank my friends: Myna Rafanan, Rienjel Tolentino, Chris
Miranda, Alia Lasquete, Micah De Guzman, and Bianca Adriano for just being the best.
College wouldn’t be complete without them. Thank you, from the bottom of my heart.
Lastly, I would like to thank my parents who have given more than enough to
support my dreams and goals in life. Thank you for believing in me. Your love and care
is the greatest gift I have received from God. Thank you for your endless patience and
kindness, I wouldn’t have made it this far.
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval sheet i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Question 3
B. Tentative Answer 3
C. Objectives 4
D. Significance of the Study 5
E. Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Waste: A Brief History and Situationer 9
B. The Waste Crisis in Manila 11
C. Rodriguez, Rizal: The Host Municipality 13
D. Solid Waste Management 13
E. The Formal and Informal Waste Sector 14
F. Contributions of the Informal Waste Sector
And its integration in MSWM 15
CHAPTER III: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Theoretical Framework 17
B. Conceptual Framework 19
CHAPTER IV: METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design 21
B. Locale of the Study 22
C. Unit of Study 22
D. Sampling Design 22
E. Data Collection Procedures 23
F. Tools of Analysis 23
CHAPTER V: FINDINGS
A. The role of the Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office – Rodriguez 27
C. The role of the Informal Waste Sector in their slow
Integration 34
CHAPTER VI: ANALYSIS 44
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY 55
APPENDIX 60
2
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Solid Waste Management is one of the basic services offered by municipal
authorities to maintain the cleanliness of communities (Asnani, 2006). In the
Philippines, a particular law known as the Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000 is responsible for mandating Local government Units
to create boards, projects, and applications to help maintain the cleanliness of the
community (Sapuay, 2016). This includes (but is not limited to) where collected
community waste would be placed. In operationalizing this, a number of formal and
informal agents come to provide their services.
The International Labor Organization (ILO) describes the Informal Waste Sector
as individuals or a group of people who involve themselves in waste management
without being formally acknowledged and charged with providing waste management
services (Gupta, 2012). Many scholars have established the important role of the
Informal Waste Sector in the Solid Waste Management system in developing countries
such as the Philippines. In one article, it was shown that Iloilo City actually realized the
idea of integrating members of the informal communities into their Solid Waste
Management program where they get to work and receive benefits and other
compensation (Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012). In addition, the study
also showed that this program in Iloilo City lessened leachate generation and the
emitted Greenhouse Gases in the area, further extending the lifespan of their sanitary
landfill (Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012).
3
In September 2017, the 19-hectare Payatas Sanitary Landfill closed as the area
can no longer accommodate the capacity of garbage sent from Metro Manila. At the
beginning of 2018, Metro Manila’s garbage was transferred to Rodriguez, Rizal’s
sanitary landfill (Abad, 2018). Unlike the Payatas Sanitary Landfill that served to
accommodate Metro Manila’s garbage for 15 years, DENR claimed that Rodriguez,
Rizal’s Sanitary Landfill may not do the same as it is expected to close by 2022 (Abad,
2018).
With this information, this study aims to establish the factors that contribute to the
slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into the Solid Waste Management
programs in Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such slow
integration given that the town’s landfill is facing a larger responsibility to fulfill.
Research Question
Why is there an existing gap, in the sense of their being not yet integrated from
formal arrangements, between the Informal Waste Sector and Local Government
Policy on Solid Waste Management in Rodriguez, Rizal when it comes to further
rehabilitative and sustainable waste management? What are the implications of
such?
Tentative Answer
There are several factors that can contribute to the slow integration of the
Informal Waste Sector of Rodriguez, Rizal. This could include the following: (1)
There is already an existing Formal Waste Sector, (2) The Informal Waste Sector
are new to the field, (3) Being part of the regulation signifies recognition from the
government, (4) the Informal Waste Sector has a minimal contribution, (5) The
4
Informal Waste Sector’s integration could bring additional burdens to the
government.
Objectives
General Objective:
The study aims to assess the factors that contribute to the slow integration of the
Informal Waste Sector the formal arrangements of waste management, focusing
primarily on MENRO – Rodriguez’ policy- implementation in Barangay San
Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such.
Specific Objectives:
1. To discuss solid waste management for the country as a whole: what
policies or laws have been passed in this regard, their implementation, and
results of such implementation.
2. To discuss the solid waste management of Rodriguez, Rizal as to:
a. Origins and implementation
b. Level of awareness of the people
c. Slow integration into the formal program of the Informal Waste
Sector from the Formal program of the Local Government Unit and
the implications of such
d. Reactions of informal sectors
3. To provide recommendations to further strengthen the municipality’s solid
waste management program.
5
Significance of the Study
At the core of this study is the issue of waste accountability of Filipinos. Waste
has been a large problem plaguing the country for years. Urbanization gave way to
massive production of waste products among Filipinos (Del Mundo, Rebancos, & Alaira,
2009). In the current society, many Filipinos are less aware of the great consequences of
producing too much waste. This led to less accountability on their part, leaving less
action to find sustainable ways for communities to thrive and lessen their dependence on
single-use waste. This issue is greatly connected to the pollution problem faced by many
countries around the world. The question then is: are there no organized groups to deal
with this problem? Not necessarily. In the Philippines, the government has created a law
(R.A. 9003 or the Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000) that explicitly provides
divisions in Local Government Units that are tasked to deal with this problem on
managing solid waste.
The government is not alone in dealing with these as there is another sector
outside of their formal system that helps in managing the solid waste of communities.
These are the Informal Waste Sectors or a group of people involved in waste
management without being formally backed-up by the government (Gupta, 2012). The
importance of their work in the world of Solid Waste Management has been featured in
several literatures (Gupta, 2012; Zurbrugg, 2002; Ezeah et al., 2013; Paul, Arce-Jaque,
Ravena, & Villamor, 2012). Given this, the study asks: Why is there an existing gap in
the sense of their being not yet integrated from formal arrangements, between the
Informal Waste Sector and Local Government Policy on Solid Waste Management in
6
Rodriguez, Rizal when it comes to further rehabilitative and sustainable waste
management? What are the implications of such?
By answering these questions, this study shall be an addition to the existing
knowledge on Solid Waste Management and the Informal Waste Sector. Society could
benefit from this study as it could be used as an additional resource in an effort to create
future policies or ordinances that are dedicated to a more inclusive and eco-friendly
community. To be more specific, this study could benefit the Informal Waste Sector as
this study could help bring light to their potential and importance in managing solid
waste. In addition, this could also help the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
Office - Rodriguez by lessening the existence of illegal dumping and illegal management
of waste.
7
Definition of Terms
1. Formal Waste Sector - are usually a modernized and industrialized sector
that is composed of the public and private enterprises. They are essentially
supported by government agencies through legal and financial means (Ezeah
et al., 2013).
2. Informal Waste Sector – they are not usually backed up by the state or may
have few pre-existing ties with it. They are hard to monitor as they are
abundant, small in size, and geographically dispersed. This sector is usually
comprised of the poor (Blackman, 2000).
3. Leachate- a contaminated liquid that contains suspended materials and is
produced when waste has undergone decomposition and water filters through
it (R.A. 9003, 2001).
4. Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) – a facility established per barangay that
is responsible for sorting, segregating, composting, and recycling of mixed
waste. The result of which shall be transported to a permanent storage unit or
sanitary landfill (R.A 9003, 2001).
5. Sanitary Landfill – according to Republic Act 9003, it is the site where
wastes are disposed of. It is designed, operated, and maintained in a way that
has engineering control over several potential environmental impacts that may
be detrimental to the development and operation of the site (R.A. 9003, 2001)
6. Solid Waste – any material discarded from industrial, commercial, mining,
agricultural operations, and community activities. Solid Waste does not just
mean materials that are physically solid, it also includes materials that are
8
semi-solid, contains gaseous material. (United States Environmental
Protection Agency, n.d.)
7. Solid Waste Management – According to Republic Act 9003, this is the
practice associated with controlling the generation, storage, collection,
transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a way that
shall uphold the best principles concerning public health, economics, and
other environmental considerations (R.A. 9003, 2001).
8. Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office – the division of the
municipality that is concerned with monitoring, relaying information on
programs from national agencies such as DENR-EMB (Department of
Environment and Natural Resources - Environmental Management Bureau),
and disseminating information through their IEC (Information, Education,
Communication) Campaign (Teschner, 2018).
9
CHAPTER II:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The main concepts primarily considered in searching for this literature are waste
and the waste situation in the Philippines, Solid Waste Management policy in the
Philippines, characterizations of the Formal and Informal Waste Sector of the Urban
Economy, and the important contributions of the Informal Waste Sector in Solid Waste
Management as well as their reactions.
I. Waste: A brief history and a Situationer
Waste has been a constant element in the lives of many people around the globe.
This sentiment is greatly manifested in the Filipino lifestyle: From disposing raw
materials before the arrival of pre-packaged goods (Reyes & ue, 2013) to disposing non-
biodegradable materials which was brought by urbanization (Del Mundo, Rebancos, &
Alaira, 2009), the Filipinos’ waste problem has grown exponentially that it had reached a
point where it poses a threat to the overall well-being of Filipinos. In 2011, Metro Manila
was already generating 25% of the average trash produced by the country (Alave, 2011).
In 2017, the Philippines was dubbed as the third worst polluter of oceans from a study
conducted by an environmental group called Greenpeace (The Philippine Star, 2017).
Such recent numbers are enough to trouble an individual about the situation of waste in
our country.
In the past, the problem of waste disposal was not as pressing as it is right now. In
a paper by Jennifer Clapp (2002), she argues that this global crisis on waste is primarily
associated with the problem of production (p.2). It was no secret that production
10
processes in industries are quite wasteful (Clapp, 2002). To be more specific, Clapp
(2002) argues that the core of this issue is found on the overconsumption tendencies of
consumers or too much consumption within the production process. Consequently, Clapp
(2002) states that the crisis on waste around the globe is rooted in the growing distance
found between consumers and the waste that they produced.
One must understand that the environmental problems faced by the country today
have been existing for years. Decades of careless waste disposal has left the country
vulnerable to various effects such as fast accumulation of floods due to clogged openings
(canals, esteros, etc.) for excess water to pass through on rainy seasons (Bankoff, 2003).
Several factors can explain why such tendency occurred in the Philippines but the most
common ones revolve around acceleration of urbanization, the booming of the
population, and increased community living standards (Guerrero, Maas, & Hogland,
2012; Martinez, Castaneda, Marte, & Roxas, 2015).
This is only inevitable as rapid changes in the Filipino domestic lifestyle had
increasingly impacted the average garbage produced (Guerrero, Maas, & Hogland, 2012).
This idea could be associated with Bracken, Munch, & Panesar’s (2009) who stated that
rapid urbanization is a contributing factor in the waste crisis scenario and that managing
waste produced by an inevitably growing population is one of the many factors
challenging urbanized societies. In addition to this, Bracken, Munch, & Panesar (2009)
argued that in a rapidly urbanizing society, it is usually the urban poor that greatly suffers
as they do not have much access on health and sanitation as they are usually denied of
‘official services’ (p.2).
11
Devkota and Watanabe (as cited in Del Mundo, Rebancos, & Alaira, 2009) agrees
with these ideas as the introduction of urbanization, reflected by the shift of consumption
pattern and the production of new materials, has negatively impacted the increase of
waste volume. Such is the case in developing countries like the Philippines where
increase of municipal solid waste has been associated with population boom, accelerated
urbanization, and increase in living standards of the community (Guerrero, Maas, &
Hogland, 2012). Despite the many early efforts of various actors in alleviating the
problem on waste crisis, especially in the context of the Philippines, there is still a
tendency for Filipinos to ignore practicing sustainable ways of waste disposal as many
still throw their wastes near their households such as waterways and coastal areas (Del
Mundo, Rebancos, & Alaira, 2009).
II. The Waste Crisis in Manila
According to past literatures, the problem of waste can be traced back to when
Manila’s Waste Disposal crisis erupted. Manila’s Waste Disposal Crisis lasted for more
than 30 years beginning in 1988 when the problem of waste disposal in the metropolitan
was extremely severe that international groups soon intervened and pressured the
government to close down the infamous Smokey Mountain Dump Site (ADB, 2004). The
shutting down of this site soon led to reopening of two new dumpsites for the
Metropolitan: the San Mateo facility in Rizal and the Carmona facility in Cavite (ADB,
2004). Although they served Metro Manila and the communities around it for a period of
time, the people living near the dumpsites pressured the government to close down these
dumpsites for several reasons: pollution of groundwater, nasty odor, and the increase of
pest emergence in their community (Rollan, 2005). In addition, the members of the
12
community also protested against the noise made by the trucks (and the garbage trail they
leave) and the emergence of junk shops and informal settlers in their area (ADB, 2004).
Eventually, operations in Carmona facility stopped in 1998 while the San Mateo facility
stopped operating in 2000 (ADB, 2004; Rollan, 2005). The years 1999-2001 saw the
effect of shutting down these sanitary landfills. Shut downs have caused a collapse in
municipal waste system around Metro Manila (ADB, 2004). It goes without saying that
this had left many municipalities vulnerable to various public health risks (ADB, 2004).
A surge of various alternatives coming from affected communities emerged to
solve the increasing risks posed by the waste problem: residents would dispose their
waste materials usually by digging up land to open up new landfills or to create private
dumpsites (ADB, 2004). On the other hand, others continued to dump their waste on
closed sanitary landfills which later proved to be the wrong and dangerous choice as it
caused accidents and injuries. An example of this is the Payatas Incident of 2000 where a
massive landfill slope failure occurred that took the life of at least a hundred people
(Merry, Kavazanjian, and Fritz, 2005).
On September 2017, the 19 hectare Payatas Sanitary Landfill was shut down as
the area could no longer accommodate the large volume of waste sent from Metro Manila
(Abad, 2018). At the beginning of 2018, it was announced that Metro Manila’s garbage
would be transferred to two sites, one of them Rodriguez Rizal’s Provincial Sanitary
Land fill (Abad 2018). Unlike the Payatas Sanitary Landfill that served to accommodate
Metro manila’s garbage for 15 years, DENR claimed that Rodriguez, Rizal’s Sanitary
Landfill may not do the same as it is expected to close by 2022 (Abad, 2018).
13
III. Rodriguez, Rizal: the Host Municipality
Formerly known as Montalban, the town of Rodriguez is the largest town of Rizal
province (Legal, Annawi, & Walpole, n.d.). The town is situated near urbanized towns
and cities such as Bulacan, Metro Manila, San Mateo, and Antipolo (Legal, Annawi, &
Walpole, n.d.). The proximity of Rodriguez, Rizal to such cities has affected the land
usage of the town.
The town of Rodriguez allowed Baranggay San Isidro to house an engineered
landfill that shall accommodate the garbage coming from Metro Manila on the following
grounds that: (a) the Payatas Dumpsite be completely shut down, (b) there must be
paved and reinforced roads leading to the engineered dumpsite before the start of
dumping, and (c) the people of Rodriguez willing to salvage garbage be given priority
and that garbage trucks must not make stop-overs in the closed Payatas Landfill Site
(Legal, Annawi, & Walpole, n.d.).
IV. Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste Management plays an important role in maintaining the health and
welfare of society. According to Asnani (2006), Solid Waste Management is one of the
basic services offered by municipal authorities is to maintain the cleanliness of
communities. In the Philippines, the Solid Waste Management is guided by Republic Act
9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which is responsible for
mandating Local government Units to create boards, projects, and applications to help
maintain the cleanliness of the community (Sapuay, 2016). The creation of Solid Waste
Management boards in LGUs is in line with the goal of facilitating the planning and
application of a strategy in managing the waste produced by the community based on the
14
mandated guidelines provided by the Republic Act’s Implementing Rules and Regulation
(Reyes & Furto, 2013). Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is mainly focused
on collecting, transferring, recovering resource, recycling, and treatment of waste
produced by a community (Henry et al. 2005). Given this, MSWM’s goal is to uphold the
health of the population and promote good environmental quality (Henry et al., 2005).
V. The Formal and Informal Sector of the Urban Economy
Ezeah et al. (2013) states there are two pillars supporting the urban economy:
these are the Formal and the Informal sectors. Ezeah et al. (2013) further expounds this
idea by differentiating the Formal from the Informal sector. The Formal sector comprise
the public and private enterprises which are supported by government agencies while the
Informal sector is not backed up by government agencies or is outside state control
(Ezeah et al., 2013). Sembiring & Nitivattananon (2009) share the same sentiment when
they stated Solid Waste Management is usually comprised of both the Formal and
Informal sector. Gupta (2012) agrees with this idea and explained further by citing that
the Informal sector plays a more active role when it comes to Solid Waste Management.
This is especially true in low and middle-income countries (Gupta, 2012) such as the
Philippines. Gupta (2012) states that Informal sectors usually deal with the recovery and
recycling of materials that still hold of great value as compared to the formal sector who
perceives Solid Waste Management through the limited views of collection and disposal.
Specifying what the Informal Waste Sector is, Sembiring & Nitivattananon
(2009) shared that informal waste recycling is usually carried out by the urban poor as
they use this as a means of survival through waste picking and scavenging. Ezeah et al.
(2013) agree with this by stating that people who typically carry out the informal waste
15
recycling task is usually done by the marginalized sectors who are forced to opt for tasks
like scavenging in order to adapt and survive in their environment. Zurbrugg (2002) adds
that such is the case for the informal sectors in many low-income countries in Asia where
work was labor-intensive and unsafe as their activities are not supported by any public or
private agency. Wilson et al. (2006) shares this viewpoint, defining the Informal sector as
usually associated with labor-intensive, small scale, unrecorded, unregulated, and low-
technology services. In addition, Wilson et al. (2006) also described the Informal waste
sector as working in groups (families) or by individuals.
VI. Contributions of the Informal Waste Sector and its integration in MSWM
Various literature have established the important contribution of the Informal
Waste Sector in solid waste management. According to Gupta (2012), the Informal sector
provides environmental benefits towards the municipality through their help in achieving
recycling targets and saving precious landfill space. Gupta (2012) adds that the Informal
sector helps in reducing further extraction of raw materials to create new products as they
return still reusable materials or secondary raw materials to the production cycle (through
informal recycling). Finally, Gupta (2012) presented the view that given their labor-
intensive methods and lack of motorized tools, the informal waste sector reduces the
usage of fossil energy use as compared to formal agencies that rely on motorized tools.
There is an existing prejudice towards the role of informal sector in solid waste
management. Zurbrugg (2002) states that in the past, municipal authorities would deter
the scavenging activities of the informal sector around landfills. According to Ezeah et al.
(2013), continuous disregard towards the informal waste sector could lead to failure
towards planned improvements, especially those concerning waste management.
16
A particular example that highlighted not just the importance of the Informal
Waste Sector but also the importance of integrating them is the project created by Iloilo
City where their Informal Waste Sector was integrated into their Municipal Solid Waste
Management Program. According to the study by Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor
(2012), Iloilo City formed the USWAG Calahunan Livelihood Association (UCLA)
which was created a partnership between the municipality and the Informal Waste Sector.
Although this partnership brought new burden to the municipality to invest on the
integration of the Informal Waste Sector, the study showed that the project payed this
burden off with the benefits it provided to the various stakeholders and the community, in
general (Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012). One particular benefit that the
community gained from this is the reduction of leachate generation and emitted
Greenhouse Gases around the landfill area Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012).
This is of great importance as this initiative further extends the lifespan of the sanitary
landfill (Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012), preventing them of closing it
down and looking for another dumpsite that could harm the citizens more instead of
protecting their well-being.
17
CHAPTER III
ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
Theoretical Framework
This study will make use of Keith Hart’s Symbiotic Dual Urban Economy
(1973). In this view, he relates that the urban economy does not represent only the formal
sector like the one described by Lewis in his Dual Economy theory (Godfrey, 2011).
Godfrey (2011) states that the urban economy is further divided into two: a limited
formal sector and a thriving urban informal sector (as cited in Hart, 1973 likewise).
In specifying the characteristics of the Informal Sector, Hart (1973) states that the
distinction between formal and informal sector activities is concerned with income
opportunities, particularly on the basis of one being wage-earning and the other being
self-employed ( p. 68). In addition, he presented a typology of the different activities
done by the Formal income opportunities, the legitimate Informal Sector income
opportunities, and the illegitimate Informal income opportunities (Hart, 1973, p. 69).
This includes the following: First, the Formal Income opportunities are comprised of the
public sector wages, private sector wages, and Transfer payments such as payment on
leave. Second, the legitimate Informal Income opportunities are comprised of (a) Primary
and secondary activities which are focused on group activities that access income based
on space availability, (b) Tertiary enterprises which are part-time roles that individuals
join in after saving up some money by other means. Tertiary enterprises often involve a
Formal Job as Tertiary enterprises are, after all, just part-time jobs, (c) Small-scale
distribution is commonly focused on trading which, when fleshed out, involves various
18
activities involved within it: some Informal actors may be carriers, middlemen, buying
and/or selling in bulk or in quantities, etc., (d) Other services which are usually focused
on acquiring income based on their skills where payment is given irregularly but are
usually profitable, (e) Private transfer payments are activities which involve income
generation dependent either within the family or through begging on the streets where
payment is irregular and limits to such payment are non-existent. Third, are the
illegitimate Informal Income opportunities which often involve crimes such as the
underground economy of narcotics, money-laundering, prostitution, etc.
The study shall focus on the second characterization given by Hart which is the
legitimate Informal Sector in assessing what activities comprise the Informal Waste
Sector. One particular example that could be seen here is that of the Small-scale
distribution, specifically the buy-and-sell enterprise Informal Sectors usually get
themselves into. Junk Shops essentially manifest this enterprise where they buy and sell
either in large or small amounts when it comes to the junk they have acquired from waste
carries (who then acquired these from waste pickers).
Hart (1973) also stated in his study that the Informal Sector activities played an
important role in buffering the ups and downs of employment in the formal economy. In
his case study, he asserted that not all who are unemployed or without formal jobs are
totally penniless. Hart (1973) states that some find various income-generating activities,
such as the ones listed above under the legitimate Informal Sector activities, during the
period of their unemployment until they get a formal job. Such income-generating
activities are expected to provide payments that are irregular. Although members of these
unemployed people are considered to be poor, Hart states that this is true also to wage-
19
earners or those who are already part of the formal economy (Hart, 1973, p. 81). Like
what was stated in Tertiary enterprises where even after gaining a formal job, some
continue to enter part-time jobs in order to gain more income (Hart, 1973).
Conceptual Framework
This study theorizes several main causes on why the Informal Waste Sector is
excluded from the Solid Waste Management Policy of Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez,
Rizal. One of these is that there is already a Formal Sector for the Solid Waste
Management. The Formal Sector considered in this study is comprised of the Local
Government Unit of Rodriguez, Rizal who implement the Solid Waste Management
Policy and the staff manning the operations of the Rizal Sanitary Landfill. Another cause
that could explain such slow integration is that the Informal Waste Sector (IWS) are new
to the field, specifically the formal operations of dealing with the Solid Waste
Management. Being part of the Informal Waste Sector, it is assumed that the Informal
Waste Sector practice unorthodox methods in applying solid waste management. This
just means that such practices are not in line with the regulated activities practiced within
the Formal Waste Sector. Given this, the informal waste sector does not have training
20
from the LGU for them to familiarize the workings of the Formal Sector. Another reason
why the Informal Waste Sector is excluded is because integrating them would signify that
the government recognizes them. This is connected to the other cause where the Informal
Waste Sector’s integration brings additional burden to the government. This just means
that by integrating the IWS would mean additional training for these new members.
Government would also have to spend more when it comes to regulating the activities
and providing benefits and compensation to these new members. To the LGU, this choice
would be too costly for them to even consider. Finally, another cause that shall be
included is that the Informal Waste Sector has minimal contribution to the operation of
the Solid Waste Management program of the Local Government Unit. It would be
unnecessary for the government to include more members who are doing less, if not the
same, work as compared to their formal sector counterpart.
The general outcome of these factors is that the members of the Informal Waste
Sector would have poorer quality of life. Specifically, the IWS wouldn’t be able to
receive compensation from the government that could help alleviate their situation by
helping them deviate from relying on the informal economy. Such compensation also
includes health benefits. Their unregulated work would leave them vulnerable to various
diseases. In addition, the members of the IWS would continue to face the uncertainty of
gaining job opportunities from the formal sector which, like what was stated before,
could help them alleviate from their dependence on the informal economy.
21
CHAPTER IV
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researcher primarily used qualitative method in conducting this research to
acquire the needed information for this study. The data needed was obtained from
secondary materials and past literatures that are related and relevant to the study. The In-
depth interviews from the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal
and the Key Informant Interview from the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
Office (MENRO) of Rodriguez, Rizal were used as an addition to the data gathered from
secondary materials and past literatures. The primary objective of the In-depth Interviews
for the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro was to understand their level of
awareness of the Solid Waste Management Policy and to analyze the factors that may
contribute to their slow integration to the programs under this policy. The Key informant
interview for the MENRO of Rodriguez, Rizal is driven by the objective of understanding
the Solid Waste Management Policy in the National and Local Government levels and to
acquire the perspective of this division towards the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San
Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal. The data relevant to this study were gathered from secondary
materials and past literatures. The content from the In-depth interviews and Key
Informant Interviews supplemented the data from secondary materials and past literatures
and were analyzed by coding the common themes and subthemes found in these
interviews.
22
Locale of the Study
The study was limited to the municipality of Rodriguez, Rizal. The reason behind
this was that Rodriguez, Rizal is the host municipality of the sanitary landfill that is
currently accepting solid wastes not just from their municipality but also from cities
situated throughout Metro Manila.
Unit of Study
This study was primarily focused on two groups of individuals: the Informal
Waste Sector and the Formal Waste Sector. The participants of the In-depth Interview for
the Informal Waste Sector is limited to Brgy. San Isidro as this is the host barangay of the
sanitary landfill. The Key Informant Interview for the Formal Waste Sector was focused
on MENRO, a division of the Municipal Government of Rodriguez, Rizal.
Sampling Design
The researcher selected the head of the Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office of Rodriguez, Rizal as the Key Informant Interview for the Formal
Waste Sector while the researcher conducted purposive and snowball sampling methods
in choosing the participants of the In-Depth interviews. The purposive and snowball
sampling methods were guided by the following characteristics: Age and Role in the
Informal Waste Sector. On Age the participants must be 18 years old or above. On Role
in the Informal Waste Sector, the participants must be currently or have previously
worked as either of the following: waste picker, waste segregator, junk shop operator. In
connection with the latter requirement, this study will also include spouses or partners of
those currently working in the landfill site as they are an immediate dependent and have
23
some knowledge of the system within the Informal Waste Community. The purposive
and snowball sampling also required fifteen (15) participants, depending on the saturation
of information acquired from each participant.
Data Collection Procedures
The researcher used the following methods on data collection during the data
gathering period: review of secondary documents and past literatures and scheduling key
informant interview and in-depth interviews. The researcher’s goal in reviewing
secondary documents and past literatures was to assess the following issues: waste as an
existing problem in The Philippines, the characteristics of the environment this study is
focused on, the implementation of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines, the
characteristics of the Formal and Informal Sector in general, and the contributions of the
Informal Waste Sector and its integration in the implementation of Solid Waste
Management policy. The In-depth Interviews conducted with the Informal Waste Sector
of Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the Key Informant Interviews MENRO
Rodriguez were used to supplement the knowledge gathered from the secondary
materials and past literature.
Tools of Analysis
The study used document review of secondary materials and content analysis of
key informant interviews gathered during the data gathering period by coding them and
searching for themes and subthemes. This study withheld any biases in evaluating these
materials. Below is the matrix for the needed data and how these were collected and
analyzed:
24
Table 1. Data Matrix
Data Needed Sources & Data
Collection
Techniques
Analysis Ethical aspects
Discuss the Solid
Waste
Management in
the context of the
Philippines
Secondary
materials
Content Analysis by
searching for themes
and subthemes,
coding them, and
analyzing them
Proper
acknowledgement
of resources
The origins of
Rodriguez,
Rizal’s
Municipal Solid
Waste
Management
Interview
with the
MENRO
officer
Rodriguez,
Rizal
Historical
acts and
reports if
any
Content Analysis of
interview with
MENRO Rodriguez,
Rizal Officer by
coding themes and
subthemes
Proper
acknowledgement
of resources
Ask for Informed
Consent
The current
Municipal Solid
Waste
Management
Policy of
Rodriguez, Rizal
Interview
with the
MENRO
officer
Rodriguez,
Rizal
Reports if
any
Content Analysis of
interview with
MENRO Rodriguez,
Rizal Officer by
coding themes and
subthemes
Proper
acknowledgement
of resources
Ask for Informed
Consent
The level of
awareness of the
people in Sitio
San Isidro,
Barangay
Lukutang Maliit,
Rodriguez, Rizal
Purposive
Sampling
(interview
with
members
of the
Informal
Waste
Sector)
Content Analysis of
interviews
Proper
acknowledgement
of resources
Ask for Informed
Consent
Impact of the
policy
implementation
on the Informal
Waste Sector of
Rizal Provincial
Sanitary Landfill
Purposive
Sampling
(interview
with
members
of the
Informal
Waste
Sector)
Content Analysis of
interviews
Proper
acknowledgement
of resources
Ask for Informed
consent
25
In line with the objectives of this research, one of the data needed for this study is
concerned about placing the Solid Waste Management in the national context. This study
used the available secondary materials such as the Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. This study also needed the data on the origins of
Rodriguez, Rizal’s Municipal Solid Waste Management. The researcher acquired this
information by conducting an interview with the Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office (MENRO) of Rodriguez, Rizal regarding the origins of the
municipality’s Municipal Solid Waste Management and current Solid Waste
Management Policy. The reason behind this is because there is a gap in the literature
regarding this topic and, in general, about Rodriguez, Rizal.
The study investigated the level of awareness of the Informal Waste Sector on
Solid Waste Management and the impact of the policy implementation on the Informal
Waste Sector of Rizal Provincial Sanitary Landfill by conducting an interview with the
members of the Informal Waste Sector. This study interviewed 15 participants from the
Informal Waste Sector. Participants included the following (but not limited to): waste
picker, waste segregator, junk shop operator. Participants comprised of full-time,
previous informal waste workers, and immediate dependents (wife or husband) of
informal waste workers currently working at the sanitary landfill. Participants of this
study were within the age range of 18 years old and above. The questions asked revolved
around the following topics: their current job, awareness on the Solid Waste Management
Policy of the Philippines, their thoughts on this policy and how the government
implements it, their perception on the role of their jobs towards the environment and the
government’s initiative, and the way they deal with the hazards related to their work.
26
All interviews and samplings asked for an informed consent from the participants
of this study. Secondary materials were properly acknowledged in this study. After the
study, results shall be returned to the community through a meeting where the researcher
would discuss the findings of the study. Please see attached Informed Consent Form for
more details.
27
CHAPTER V
FINDINGS
In discussing the findings of this study, it is of great importance to review what the
objective of this study is in order to determine where these findings are grounded. In this
study, the core objective is to assess the factors that contribute to the slow integration of
the Informal Waste Sector the formal arrangements of waste management, focusing
primarily on MENRO – Rodriguez’ policy- implementation in Barangay San Isidro,
Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such.
Given these, there are two primary branches that this section shall focus on: The
factors from the Formal Waste Sector which in this case is represented by the Municipal
Environment and Natural Resources Office – Rodriguez and the factors from the
Informal Waste Sector which is represented by the fifteen (15) participants from Brgy.
San Isidro’s Informal Waste Sector in order to determine and assess how they both
contribute to the Informal Waste Sector’s slow integration.
This chapter focuses on the findings of this research study. The data gathered is a
culmination of secondary materials, past literatures, and coded In-depth interviews and
Key Informant interviews on parties relevant to this study.
A. The role of the Formal sector: the Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office - Rodriguez
Through the review of secondary materials and past literatures and the supplemented
knowledge from the conducted Key Informant Interview with the Municipal Environment
28
and Natural Resources Office of Rodriguez, Rizal, this study have found that the
following are the roles played by one of the institutions that comprise the Formal Waste
Sector of the community:
1. Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) – Rodriguez
In general, the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office is
responsible for monitoring, disseminating, and relaying of environmental
programs and projects from national agencies to the barangays of a municipality
(Teschner, 2018). Such national agencies include, but are not limited to DENR –
EMB (Environmental Management Bureau), LLDA (Laguna Lake Development
Authority), and DILG (Department of the Interior and Local Government)
(Teschner, 2018). The MENRO of Rodriguez Rizal was established in 2010 and
was the division primarily responsible for implementing R.A. 9003 or the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Teschner, 2018) through the
creation of their 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan which was created in
2014 and finally approved in 2016 (Teschner, 2018).
2. Current Projects of MENRO - Rodriguez
a. Establishment of the Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
According to MENRO – Rodriguez, one of the salient provisions in R.A.
9003 is the establishment of Materials Recovery Facility or MRFs per
barangay in every municipality (Teschner, 2018). In R.A. 9003 (2001), it
was stated that the establishment of MRF per barangay shall be within
“barangay-owned or leased land or any suitable open space” that shall be
29
delegated by the Sanggunian of the barangay (p.28). R.A. 9003 (2001) also
stated that this facility shall be primarily used in receiving, sorting,
processing mixed waste and other recyclable wastes (p.29).
Currently the Rodriguez, Rizal Sanitary landfill has its own Materials
recovery Facility where members of the barangay take part in operating and
maintaining the facility (Teschner, 2018). Among the eleven barangays
with MRFs, two or three of these are functional-operational (Teschner,
2018). The remainder of these MRFs are at different stages of
development: some barangays are still building infrastructures for their
MRFs while some are already set up but are still not functional (Teschner,
2018). The head of MENRO –Rodriguez noted that an important factor in
the establishment of Municipal Recovery Facilities is the act of record-
keeping (Teschner, 2018). Record-keeping in MRFs shall enable the
institutions in the National level to keep track of municipalities and cities
waste diversion rate (Teschner, 2018).
b. Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Campaign.
This is the current program spearheaded by MENRO – Rodriguez which is
considered as one of their main components in complying with the Solid
Waste Management Policy. Here, IECs are used to disseminate information
about environment welfare and accountability among citizens of
Rodriguez. According to MENRO, the information through documents and
videos are given from the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (Teschner, 2018). MENRO –Rodriguez shares that one example
30
of their IECs is their campaign on reducing the waste produced by a
household by urging citizens to refrain from using non-biodegradable
materials in various activities. One example of this is when going to the
market, they encourage people to use baskets instead of using plastic
containers that are only used once and are treated as garbage afterward
(Teschner, 2018). MENRO – Rodriguez believes in continued
dissemination of information through the IEC as change starts with
behavioral change (Teschner, 2018). Nowadays, even with strict
enforcement of R.A. 9003’s provisions, people still have a tendency to
practice negative habits of disposing materials. This is why the need for
intensifying IECs is a must according to MENRO – Rodriguez.
c. On the Informal Waste Sector
According to the key informant interview with MENRO – Rodriguez,
there is not much direct, full-blown, formal services offered towards the
Informal Waste Sector, particularly the scavengers/waste pickers
(Teschner, 2018). Most of the time, waste pickers are called in a barangay
hall where they are given Identification Cards and are instructed to buy
their own boots, gloves, and masks as part of their protective gear
(Teschner, 2018). Currently, the formal institutions do not have any
programs concerned with arming these informal waste pickers with
relevant gears such as the literal protective gears and/or proper training on
how to conduct safe and proper waste management. When asked whether
it would be feasible for the municipality to adopt programs that would
31
cater to integrating the informal waste sector, MENRO – Rodriguez said
that this is a possibility as long as all agencies involved in enforcing R.A.
9003 would implement it well (Teschner, 2018). The reason behind the
latter statement was that MENRO – Rodriguez is currently at its early
stages in instilling environmental awareness through their IECs and
monitoring establishments of MRFs per barangay (Teschner, 2018). For
this reason, these things are currently focused on and given more priority
over issues concerning the integration of the informal waste sector in
formal programs and services. That is why there is a need for effective and
efficient implementation of R.A. 9003, in order to move on to tackle
bigger problems.
3. Rodriguez, Rizal Sanitary Landfill
a. General Description
The old dumpsite in Rodriguez, Rizal was called the Rizal Provincial
Sanitary Landfill; it was a 33-hectare dumpsite area that was now rehabilitated
(Teschner, 2018). A new sanitary landfill facility later emerged called
GREENLEAP Solid Waste Management Inc. which comprised 50 hectares of
the area (Teschner, 2018). GREENLEAP is a private waste management
facility located at Sitio Pintor of Brgy. San Isidro that deals with the garbage
brought to Rodriguez (Teschner, 2018).
b. Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT)
This team is responsible for the monitoring and evaluation of the sanitary
landfill in Rodriguez (Teschner, 2018). They make sure that the sanitary
32
landfill complies to the provisions written in R.A. 9003 and conducts studies
like water testing for leachate around the area to make sure that the health and
welfare of the environment and citizens living nearby are prioritized
(Teschner, 2018). The monitoring and evaluation is done quarterly although
three months ago, MMT stopped its operation (Teschner, 2018). The team is
comprised of representatives from the National Solid Waste Management
Commission, DENR Region IV-A Environmental Management Bureau
(EMB), DENR Rizal, Provincial Environmental Management Unit (PEMU),
Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), Mines and Geosciences
Bureau, Rizal Provincial Government – Environmental and Natural Resources
Office (RPG-ENRO), Rizal Provincial Government Health, Municipal
Environment and Natural Resources Office – Rodriguez, and a representative
from Brgy. San Isidro (Teschner, 2018).
c. Tipping Fee
The sanitary landfill in Rodriguez (GREENLEAP) currently houses the
garbage produced by the following cities and municipalities: Rodriguez (the
host municipality), Makati, Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, Pasay, Mandaluyong,
Quezon City, Taguig, Pateros, Pasig, and Parañaque (Teschner, 2018). All of
the garbage trucks coming from these cities pay a tipping fee of Php 1,500
every time they enter the sanitary landfill to dump their garbage (Teschner,
2018). Rodriguez is an exception to this rule as it is the host municipality
(Teschner, 2018). This fee is collected by the private firm GREENLEAP that
is currently managing the solid wastes of these cities and municipalities.
33
4. The limitations of MENRO – Rodriguez
In the key informant interview, it was shared that MENRO – Rodriguez is
one of the primary agents responsible for implementing and enforcing the
provisions of R.A 9003 (Teschner, 2018). One particular manifestation of this is
the creation of the 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan, which ideally should
have been created several years after the enactment of R.A. 9003 (Teschner,
2018). Unlike other municipalities who have already created their 10 Year Solid
Waste Management Plans during the early years of R.A. 9003’s implementation,
Rodriguez, Rizal started quite later than the others (Teschner, 2018). It was only
in 2010 when MENRO – Rodriguez was created and it was only this time that the
10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan of the municipality was at its beginnings
(Teschner, 2018). It was only in 2014 that Rodriguez submitted its initial draft of
their 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan which was then finally approved this
2016 (Teschner, 2018). MENRO – Rodriguez shares that this might explain why
the municipality is more focused on instilling awareness (through their IECs) and
prioritizing the establishment of MRFs over issues concerning the informal waste
sector in Brgy. San Isidro (Teschner, 2018).
5. Plans for the near future
MENRO – Rodriguez shares that for the coming year, the office would conduct
more intensified IECs and orientation and training on waste segregation at source,
operation of MRFs, record keeping, etc. (Teschner, 2018). They also shared the plan
on creating a Central Municipal MRF which shall focus on various services such as
introducing the practice of alternative technology on residuals and composting
34
(Teschner, 2018). In connection to this, the office shall also pursue its project in
implementing Backyard Composting around the municipality, where households
with backyards sufficient for the practice of composting shall be obligated to create
one in an effort to lessen waste production per household (Teschner, 2018).
B. The Role of the Informal Waste Sector in their slow integration.
This part shall focus on the particular factors from the Informal Waste Sector that
contribute to their slow integration into the Formal sphere of Solid Waste Management.
The findings presented below are acquired from the coded transcription of the
participants’ recording.
1. Level of Awareness of the people of Brgy. San Isidro on the Solid Waste
Management Policy.
In a nutshell, the participants in this study have all confirmed through In-Depth
interviews that they have little to no knowledge on the Solid Waste Management
Policy of the Philippines. The first participant, who works as a waste segregator for a
private dumpsite, stated that all she knew about the policy is that it distinguishes her
job as informal and illegal. The second participant, a scavenger, stated that she
practically has no idea about the policy. All she knows is that she is scavenging and
that is a job that helped her survive. The third participant, a vendor near the landfill
site who used to work as a scavenger, stated that she had never heard of this policy
before. The fourth participant who works as a full-time scavenger is only aware of the
general intention of the law which is to provide a clean and safe environment for the
next generation. She added that she knows this law requires strict implementation on
35
proper disposal of waste and that she is all for it. Although, she did admit that is the
only extent of her knowledge on the policy. The fifth, sixth, eighth, ninth, tenth,
eleventh, twelfth, fourteenth participant all shared the same sentiment regarding the
policy: they have no idea what it is about. The seventh participant also shared this
sentiment but in addition, admitted that the only rules and regulations on waste
management that she is aware of are those implemented by her Association or the
group she belongs to. The thirteenth and fifteenth participant only knew about the
policy in its general sense that it is about waste management.
2. Level of Awareness on their role in helping the environment.
From a large perspective, the participants provided a variety of answers when
asked whether they see their work in the Informal Waste Sector as beneficial to the
environment. Many of the participants shared that they do not believe that their line
of work was beneficial for the environment. The first participant justified that even
though she sees her job as bad for the environment, she still need to do it because it’s
the only source of income that helps her family survive. The third participant shares
the same sentiment stating that garbage essentially produces money (May pera sa
basura). The seventh participant however showed that even though her job of
scavenging may have helped in recycling reusable materials like plastic, it still
doesn’t eradicate the fact that these plastics have chemicals that would later on be
detrimental to our environment. The thirteenth participant was not sure but he was
leaning more to the idea of his job being disadvantageous to the environment. Many
participants also saw their roles as beneficial to the environment like the fifth
participant who agreed that his role is important in helping the waste problem of the
36
environment although he did not expound on it. The sixth participant stated that he
also agreed that his job helps the environment in a way, as he explained that
scavengers essentially lessen the volume of garbage in the landfill site. The ninth
participant also agreed that she believed her role in the environment is beneficial
although she did not expound on her idea. The tenth participant agreed that this line
of work is beneficial to the environment, hoping that this could be a factor to help
attract more tourists to the country. The eleventh participant shared the latter
sentiment stating that scavengers and trash porters actually lessen trash accumulation
alongside roads. The twelfth participant shared the same thing saying that the
scavenger’s job lessens the volume of waste in the sanitary landfill. The fourteenth
and fifteenth participant agreed and stated that her job helps in segregating
biodegradable from non-biodegradable materials. Amidst these people who agreed
and those who disagreed, there are participants who were not sure and unaware at
their jobs’ overall impact to the environment: second and eighth participant.
3. On the regulation they received from the Sanitary Landfill.
One stark factor that surfaced among the interviews is the fact that the Sanitary
Landfill extends some form of regulation towards scavengers interested in coming to
the area. According to the fourth participant, the management of the Sanitary Landfill
implements strict rules to all scavengers and part of this set of rules is prohibiting the
scavengers from bringing sharp objects like knives when entering the facility. In
addition, the fourth participant shared that all scavengers are prohibited from running
after incoming trucks in order to be the first one to acquire the goods in the garbage
truck. The sixth, eleventh, and fourteenth participant shared that the Landfill also
37
prohibits running after bulldozers as the facility had witnessed cases of injuries,
accidents, and even deaths because of these acts. The sixth participant also shared that
such cases also caused the end of night shifts. Another strict rule is regarding the
requirements needed for scavengers to enter the facility. The fifth participant shared
that scavengers are strictly required to wear uniforms and present the identification
card. These requirements, according to the fifth participant, were renewed every year
during the months of January to February. The reason behind this is for emergency
purposes also: in cases of emergency, scavengers would be easily identified. When
asked whether these requirements were provided by the Sanitary Landfill Facility,
most of them exclaimed no as they are the ones who afford these requirements. If
they fail to attain such requirements, they would lose their livelihood. The tenth,
thirteenth, and fifteenth participant also stated the latter. The tenth participant added
that the management inside prohibits smoking because of the combustible gases
released by the waste materials in the landfill.
4. The Changes observed since they first arrived and worked at the landfill site.
This particular section is greatly connected to the Payatas shut down which was
explained above in Chapter 2. For a quick recap, the shut-down of the Payatas
landfill was caused by the fact that it can no longer accommodate the large volume
of waste sent from Metro Manila. This event influenced the event that made
Rodriguez, Rizal one of the new hosts chosen to replace the Payatas landfill.
Participants were aware of the effects of this event and most of them share the same
sentiment. The fourth participant stated that one of the changes she observed during
her 17 year stay in Brgy. San Isidro is the increase of residents coming from the area
38
around Payatas. The fifth participant noticed this too and adds that there is an
increase in garbage deliveries in the area, but it never guaranteed higher income for
them because of the increased competition in scavenging. When asked about the
changes he have witnessed in his stay in Brgy. San Isidro, the sixth participant also
shared about the increase in population, stating that the population actually doubled
recently. The seventh participant on the other hand stated the same thing regarding
the increased population but she claimed that the amount of garbage entering the
landfill site didn’t seem to change because garbage is produced day and night. The
eighth and ninth participant also claimed about this increase in population. The ninth
participant further stated that the increase in garbage received by the landfill site did
not mean that it guarantees more income because garbage trucks don’t always bring
valuable materials that they could trade in junkshops. The tenth participant shared
that the increased number of people coming from Payatas affected the income they
receive from their scavenged goods because more people entering the informal
industry. The twelfth participant shared the same sentiment stating that they used to
earn 700 to 800 pesos per day but was lessened to an average of 300 pesos per day
when the people from Payatas came to their place. The thirteenth participant
however stated that nothing much changed when it comes to the income because
their income changes every day as it is dependent on the amount of waste materials
they’ve collected. The fifteenth participant agreed with the latter statement as she
said nothing much changed throughout her 9 year stay in the community.
39
5. On Protecting themselves from health hazards in their occupation
In general, they all agree that they all must depend on themselves when it comes to
protecting themselves from the health hazards that lie in their occupation of illegal
waste management. The first participant shared that she feels that uses slippers when
conducting her work. When asked if she was worried about her health and safety, she
answered that she wasn’t since none of them had experienced any sickness caused by
their environment. To her standards, she believes that what she uses (the slippers) is
enough to protect herself from the possible hazards that might acquire from her work.
The second participant shared that she uses boots and gloves in conducting her work,
she believes that ideally what she use is not enough to protect a worker in the field of
solid waste management. She believes that the best thing she can do is to protect
herself in a way that would still enable her to work efficiently even though these
‘protective gear’ may not be ideally enough to protect her overall safety. The third
participant stated that when she was working as an illegal waste picker, she used boots
and a mask. Like the previous participants, she also believes that what she use is
enough for her. Although, like the second participant, she believed that these are not
enough to protect the overall wellness of a person as smoke or polluted air could still
pass through the air passages of people and that endangers ones health. She even
shared that many of the people working and living near the landfill site area are mostly
experiencing asthma because of weak lungs. The fourth participant claimed that she
uses gloves but sometimes opt not to because she still gets scratches and cut even
when wearing gloves. The fifth participant on the other hand, use long-sleeves, boots,
and a mask to protect himself when scavenging. The sixth participant shared that he
40
use boots but claimed to change boots when he finds a sturdy one while scavenging.
He admits how impractical it was to buy new ones. The seventh participant claimed
that she uses gloves, boots, and a jacket to protect from the heat. The eight participant
a waste segregator, stated that she uses gloves but sometimes chooses not to use it
because it made no difference whether she used her bare hands or not. The ninth
participant shared that she doesn’t use anything other than her uniform and pants to
protect herself. The tenth, eleventh, thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth participants all
use boots that they had acquired from the landfill site as their form of protection when
conducting their job. The twelfth participant also use only boots to protect himself
although the difference is that he buys his boots, treating it as an investment to his line
of work. The tenth and fourteenth participants both use makeshift clothes as masks to
cover their face from dusts.
All of them shared one thing in common: they all agreed that what they use is not
ideal but they are all used to the environment. They have to, because it’s their
livelihood.
6. Alternative sources of compensation.
Only two of the participants shared that they are a member of MRF, a group
where individuals get to segregate solid waste materials. According to the second
participant, this group also helps them in instances where they need funding for
medicines or small operations on cuts acquired from their work. When asked where
this fund comes from, the second participant stated that it came from the contribution
of the workers of the MRF. Here, they get to pay Php 10.00 for their fund. The third
participant shared that she too was once a member of MRF when she was working as
41
an illegal waste picker. Looking back, the MRF is most probably the Material
Recovery Facility existing in Brgy. San Isidro. MENRO – Rodriguez shares that each
barangay has its own discretion in operating their MRFs (Teschner, 2018). This would
explain why the funding for other services catering the needs of the MRFs workers are
burdened by the members themselves (through the contribution).
All of the remaining participants share that they are a part of an association. All of
them share the same justification on why they became a part of their respective
association. The fourth participant stated that she is a member of an association called
Bagong Buhay which was established 5 years ago. She shares membership with the
sixth participant who stated that besides Bagong Buhay, there are six associations
existing in the area that aims to help their members especially at times of accidents and
deaths. When asked how associations in the area are funded, the fifth participant said
that this was done through a contribution system: All members of an organization
would pay 10 pesos to their organizations once every week (which usually falls on a
Wednesday). The seventh participant shared that she is also a member of an
association called ISLABA and she vouches the information that they too pay 10 pesos
every Wednesday of the week as part of her contribution to the association’s fund.
The eighth, ninth, eleventh, and fourteenth participants shared in their individual
interviews that they have not experienced any form of injury but they do contribute to
their respective associations. The tenth, twelfth, and fifteenth participants all shared
that the associations guarantees only a small amount of money to help cover their
medical finances as there are other members asking for help too. The thirteenth
participant shared that he is part of SIMCA, one of the associations in Brgy. San
42
Isidro, that conducts meetings held almost regularly. These meeting focus on
reminding members to follow the strict rules inside the landfill site such as wearing
their identification card and not tailing after bulldozers.
7. Willingness to participate in Solid Waste Management Programs of the
Government.
One particular similarity among the participants in identifying their willingness to
participate in the Solid Waste Management Programs of the Government depends
greatly on income. The first participant stated that she would consider any form of
government compensation as long as it could help her move on from working on
dumpsites because of the uncertainty regarding her income in this type of livelihood.
The second participant did not provide any information regarding this question. The
third participant also did not provide any information regarding this. The fourth
participant shared that her willingness to enter really depended on the income she’ll
receive once she’s part of the Formal Sector. Although her income as a scavenger may
be uncertain, she believes that it’s still enough for her and her family to survive. The
fifth participant stated that he was willing to join and participate in any future
government projects concerning waste management, although this willingness will
depend on whether the income would be better as compared to what he usually gains
from his current work. The sixth participant stated that he felt it won’t provide enough
income for him and his family so he doesn’t think he’ll consider it. The seventh
participant claimed that she is willing for a more interventionist approach from the
state where each of them could help each other out. The eighth and tenth participants’
choice to join if ever a program do exist depends on the income she’d receive. The
43
ninth participant that she would join if there is absolutely no work left for her in the
landfill area. The eleventh and fifteenth participants shared that they are willing to join
if ever the opportunity of a regular job from the government comes. The twelfth
participant stated that he will not join because he still believe that there is more income
made in scavenging materials than from a regular job. The thirteenth participant stated
that his willingness is driven by the factor of how well the treatment was inside this
regular job. The fourteenth participant was quite firm when she stated that she won’t
join because she’s knowledgeable of her current job and would rather stay there than
starting to work on a job she’s not used to.
44
CHAPTER VI
ANALYSIS
Looking from a larger perspective, this study is centered on assessing the factors
contributed by both the Formal Sector and Informal Sector towards the slow integration
of the latter into the former through the Solid Waste Management Policy. Going back to
the Theoretical Framework, this study is grounded on Hart’s 1973 study of the Informal
Sector activities where he asserted that not all those who are unemployed or without
formal jobs are totally penniless. Here, Hart (1973) expounded that some find various
income-generating activities while they look for a stable job. This theory can be
connected to his other theory on the Legitimate Informal Income Opportunities as many
jobs comprising this (Primary and secondary activities, Tertiary enterprises, small-scale
distribution, and other services) are the usual temporary jobs entered by those seeking
job.
In this study, Hart’s (1973) characterization of the Legitimate Informal Income
Opportunities, specifically the Small-scale distribution jobs, greatly describe the
participants of this study as all of them are involved in trading: Scavengers’ income is
rooted in trading scraps and other reusable items they’ve uncovered to junk shops
through Junkers. Participants who are waste segregators in this study are working for
junk shop owners and are at the receiving end of scraps and other materials during a
trade-off with scavengers.
This study theorized several causes as to why the Informal Waste Sector is not yet
fully integrated into the Formal Waste Sector despite the fact that they essentially
perform functions that would be beneficial to the whole Solid Waste Management
45
process. One theory is the fact that there is already an existing Formal Waste Sector in
the form of the Local Government Unit, particularly the Municipal Environment and
Natural Resources Office – Rodriguez and a private waste management facility. Based on
the findings on the Key Informant Interview with MENRO, the current sanitary landfill
emerged out of the contract between the LGU and the private waste management facility
where the latter would supervise the management of the facility while the host
municipality enjoys perks such as free tipping fee on dumping their collected garbage to
the dumpsite. In the study, the role of the private waste management facility was
described by the scavengers whose livelihood are connected to the waste facility. Here,
the participants described the private waste facility as a management that lets them
scavenge the landfill area in exchange for obeying certain rules that essentially would
keep scavengers from accidents, injuries, or even death. Based on these findings, this
study therefore establishes that the existence of the Formal Waste Sector already fulfills
the burden of managing large volumes of waste in the area. In addition, this study also
found out that the Formal Waste Sector does not fully exclude the Informal Waste Sector
in managing these wastes as manifested by the fact that they allow the latter to scavenge
the landfill area under their supervision in order to maintain their safety. Although they
may not be formally integrated, they are indirectly supported by the Formal Waste Sector
by breaking down the barrier that only the Formal Waste Sector had the sole
responsibility for managing wastes in the landfill area.
Another theory that may explain why the Informal Waste Sector is not yet fully
integrated is because they lack the proper training of managing equipment and other
activities in order to manage important facets of Solid Waste Management. This is
46
manifested in the interviews with the participants from the Informal Waste Sector which
expressed how they are placed at a position that is lower than the management facility.
Given the fact that they have to abide by their rules and requirements to freely scavenge
the landfill area tells that there is not much knowledge and training on the part of the
informal waste sector. In addition, the private waste facility also does not provide any
guarantee of a regular income for the Informal Waste Sector. The only thing they could
do is allow them to scavenge there for materials they would sell as long as they abide by
their rules. The participants also lack proper materials to help them protect themselves
from hazardous waste as manifested by the interviews where they source out their
protective gears from the landfill itself.
Another causation theorized in the study is that integrating the Informal Waste
Sector would bring additional burdens to the government. This is manifested by the
overarching situation of LGU side as represented by MENRO. MENRO shares that the
municipality is still at the early stages of implementing the Solid Waste Management
Policy and are therefore prioritizing foundational programs like Information
Dissemination Programs and strengthening Materials Recovery Facilities per barangay.
At the moment, the integration of the Informal Waste Sector is a daunting task that
couldn’t be prioritized yet. MENRO needs to strengthen and prioritize several projects
before adding another burden on their plate.
The last causation theorized on why the Informal Waste Sector is not yet fully
integrated is because the Informal Waste Sector has a minimal contribution. This issue is
manifested in the divide on whether the Informal Waste Sector actually helps the
environment. In past literatures, it was stated that Informal Waste Sector provides
47
environmental benefits towards the municipality through their help in achieving recycling
targets and saving precious landfill space (Gupta, 2012). Gupta (2012) also adds that the
Informal Waste Sector helps reduce further extraction of raw materials to create new
products that are still reusable. The interviews among members of the Informal Waste
Sector reveal that there are still those who don’t see themselves as important agents in
helping the environment. One particular interview from a participant even said that the
materials they segregate and handle, especially those plastics, still contain chemicals that
are harmful to the environment. Although this is the case, there are still those from the
interview who see themselves as lessening the actual volume of the waste as their job
requires to recycle re-usable materials.
Based on the findings, there are additional factors as to why integration to the
Informal Waste Sector tends to be slow. On the Informal Waste Sector side, part of what
keeps them from being fully integrated is the existence of Associations. These groups act
as organizations where members of the Informal Waste Sector could acquire
compensation through monetary means. Basically, members who might get sick or
experience injuries could expect support from the Associations they belong to. In
addition, most of the members of the Informal Waste Sector do not have knowledge
about R.A. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. These
additional factors show that the Informal Waste Sector has little incentive to join the
Formal Waste Sector especially since they are receiving compensation even though it
might not be the ideal form.
All in all, this study have shown that the factors that greatly contribute to the slow
integration of the Informal Waste Sector are influenced by both the Formal and Informal
48
Waste Sector. On the Formal Waste Sector is the fact that the MENRO-Rodriguez is
currently at its early stages and is focusing on strengthening their foundational programs
such as IECs and the establishments of MRF per barangay. The Informal Waste Sector’s
contribution can be attributed to their contentment with what they have. This contentment
can be specifically linked to the following specific factors theorized in this study: a.) That
there is already an existing Formal Waste Sector (MENRO – Rodriguez and the Private
Landfill site) provides little incentive for the Informal Waste Sector to join in as the
former already fulfills the burden of managing large volumes of solid waste in the landfill
area, b.) That the Informal Waste Sector in Brgy. San Isidro does not have the formal
training and proper equipment to be fully integrated into the whole waste management
scheme, c) That there is still a divide within and outside the Informal Waste Sector
regarding their importance and contribution to waste segregation and the environment in
general.
49
CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary and Conclusion
The study conducted aimed at assessing the factors that contribute to the slow
integration of the Informal Waste Sector from the Solid Waste Management policy-
implementation in Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such.
To be more specific, the study aimed to answer the question: Why is there an existing
gap, in the sense of their being not yet integrated with formal arrangements, between the
Informal Waste Sector and Local Government Policy on Solid Waste Management in
Rodriguez, Rizal when it comes to further rehabilitative and sustainable waste
management? What are the implications of such?
A tentative answer provided at the beginning of this study was that the factors
contributing to this slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector are: (1) There is
already an existing Formal Waste Sector, (2) The Informal Waste Sector are new to the
field, (3) Being part of the regulation signifies recognition from the government, (4) the
Informal Waste Sector has minimal contribution, (5) The Informal Waste Sector’s
integration could bring additional burdens to the government.
In conducting the research, the study used qualitative methods specifically In-
depth interviews on the participants of the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro,
Rodriguez, Rizal and Key Informant Interviews on the representative from the Formal
Waste Sector which is the head of the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
Office of Rodriguez. The questions in these key informant interviews were guided by the
50
specific objectives of this study which are: (1) To discuss solid waste management for the
country as a whole: what policies or laws have been passed in this regard, their
implementation, and results of such implementation; (2) To discuss the solid waste
management of Rodriguez, Rizal as to: its origins and implementation, the level of
awareness of the people, the slow integration from the formal program of the Informal
Waste Sector from the formal program of the local government unit and the implications
of such, and the reaction from the Informal Waste Sector; (3) To provide
recommendations to further strengthen the municipality’s solid waste management
program.
From the gathered and analyzed data, it can be seen that two important reasons
emerged as factors that contribute to the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector
from the existing Formal programs:
a. The Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) –
Rodriguez is still in its early stages.
MENRO - Rodriguez is still in its early stages and like what was said from the
gathered and analyzed data, they are prioritizing foundational programs such as
Information, Education, and Communication Campaigns and the establishment
and monitoring of Material Recovery Facility’s per barangay. They are aware of
the plight of the Informal Waste Sector and other concerns but they need to first
facilitate strong implementation and enforcement of the many foundational
provisions found in R.A. 9003 before addressing these concerns of the Informal
Waste Sector.
51
b. The Informal Waste Sector is contented with what they have and has little
incentive to join the Formal Waste Sector
In Rodriguez, Rizal, the Informal Waste Sector is not completely excluded from
the services of the Formal Waste Sector. Some of them are part of the established
MRF located in Brgy. San Isidro, a mandated project under the R.A 9003. From
here, several members of the Informal Waste Sector were able to receive health
compensation through the fund members of the MRF keep that is aimed at
helping members who are in need of medical assistance. While others receive
compensation/assistance from their respective Associations within the Informal
Waste Sector community of Brgy. San Isidro. This essentially gave little incentive
for the Informal Waste Sector to fully seek integration into the formal programs;
making them contented with the available resources at hand. This contentment is
further strengthened by the following factors discussed in the analysis such as: (1)
the existence of formal waste sector (MENRO – Rodriguez and the private
landfill facility); (2) Informal Waste Sector’s lack of formal training and proper
equipment to be fully integrated into the whole waste management scheme, and
(3) A divide on identifying the Informal Waste Sector’s importance within the
group. Most importantly, this tendency to be contented was only inevitable as
they are in immediate need of work and income, regardless if this is legal or not,
in order to help their family.
Through the analysis of the data gathered in this study, it could be concluded that
the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into the formal arrangements is
contributed by the fact that the current formal institution, manifested by MENRO –
52
Rodriguez, is currently in its early stages. At the moment, MENRO - Rodriguez is
primarily focused on prioritizing its foundational projects such as information
dissemination through IECs and monitoring and strengthening established MRFs per
barangay. The implications of such is that the Informal Waste Sector created a tendency
of contentment in what they have and in with the compensation they receive from their
respective Associations.
Recommendations
As our country face alarming environmental issues such as global warming and
flash floods in urban areas, it is important that Filipinos tackle the root causes of these
issues with pragmatic solutions. As stated in Chapter 2, waste production has been one of
these root causes that is associated with the environmental problems experienced by the
Philippines. Given this, it is therefore imperative that implementation of environmental
laws such as R.A. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 be given
priority in order to protect and conserve the environment that we all live in.
As seen in the conclusion, this study found out that the Formal Waste Sector (in
the form of Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office or MENRO –
Rodriguez) and the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro both contribute to the
latter’s slow integration into the formal arrangements of waste management. Given the
result of this study, the following are recommended not just to help improve the relations
between MENRO – Rodriguez and the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro but
53
also to help future researchers who may be interested in this particular case on Solid
Waste Management and the Informal Waste Sector.
A. Recommendations for MENRO – Rodriguez
As stated in the Conclusion of this study, MENRO – Rodriguez
contributes to the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro’s slow integration
because they are still in their early stages of fully implementing R.A. 9003.
Therefore, they need to first prioritize foundational projects such as information
dissemination through Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Campaign
and monitoring and strengthening established MRFs per barangay before focusing
on other programs that could help integrate the Informal Waste Sector.
To help intensify their foundational programs, the researcher recommends
that MENRO – Rodriguez do two things: (1) Include the Informal Waste Sector
of Brgy. San Isidro in their Information, Education, Communication (IEC)
Campaign. Through this, MENRO – Rodriguez could educate the Informal Waste
Sector of Brgy. San Isidro about the environmental problems faced by the country
and explain the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. (2) MENRO –
Rodriguez could introduce the Informal Waste Sector in managing MRFs or
Material Recovery Facilities. This could be done through orientations on
segregating mixed waste, cleaning recyclable materials, making of compost pits
among others.
B. Recommendations for the Informal Waste Sector
The conclusion part of this chapter has stated that the Informal Waste
Sector also contribute to their slow integration into the formal arrangements of
54
waste management because they have little incentive to join the Formal Waste
Sector. As shown in this study, this sentiment is due to the fact that they are
already contented with their work and Associations within their community
guarantees them compensation (especially health compensation) if ever they
injure themselves while working.
The researcher believes that education about Solid Waste Management is
key in creating a future where they could be integrated into said formal
arrangements of waste management. Given this, the researcher recommends that
leaders of Associations (who also work as scavengers, junk shop operators, etc.)
should partner with MENRO – Rodriguez in creating orientations and forums on
topics like environmental issues, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act,
safety measures in the landfill site and the like. These orientations could be
conducted during their meetings within Associations.
C. Recommendations for Future Researchers
So far, this study has provided an overview of the current situation of
MENRO – Rodriguez and their general relations with the Informal Waste Sector
of Brgy. San Isidro. Without a doubt, there are still a lot of things to be
investigated regarding this case. The researcher recommends that future
researchers of this case conduct a Before - After Evaluation of this particular case
in Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal in order to compare and assess the progress
of MENRO – Rodriguez regarding the implementation of R.A. 9003.
55
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Appendix
Interview Guide for the Informal Waste Sector
1. Ano po ang trabaho niyo sa Sanitary Landfill Facility?
2. Papaano po kayo nakakuha ng trabaho doon?
3. May iba pa po ba kayong pinagkukunan ng hanap-buhay?
4. Ilang taon na po kayong nakatira dito? Ilang taon na po kayo nagtatrabaho dito?
5. Kayo po ba ay pamilyar sa polisiya ng bansa tungkol sa Solid Waste
Management? Kung oo, ano po ang nalalaman niyo tungkol dito?
6. Sa tingin niyo po, paano po isinasagawa ng gobyerno ang mga nakasaad sa
polisya na ito?
7. Pamilyar po ba kayo sa Materials Recovery Facility o MRF?
8. Kayo po ba ay nagtrabaho na o nagtatrabaho doon?
9. Sa tingin niyo po ba nakakatulong sa ating kalikasan ang inyong hanap-buhay?
10. Sa tingin niyo po ba, nakakatulong ang inyong hanap-buhay sa polisiyang ito ng
gobyerno?
11. Paano niyo po priprotektahan ang inyong sarili sa inyong hanap-buhay lalo na’t
marami sa mga bagay na inyong nahahawakan o naamoy ay maaring delikado sa
inyong kalusugan?
Interview Guide for MENRO (Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
Officer)
1. For the first question, what is MENRO? What are the roles played by MENRO
when it comes to managing solid waste?
2. According to Sec. 12 of RA 9003, “Each city or municipality shall form a City or
Municipal Waste Management Board that shall prepare, submit and implement a
plan for the safe and sanitary management of solid waste generated in areas under
its geographic and political coverage.” Given this, does Rodriguez, Rizal have a
Municipal Solid Waste Management Board? And if so, kindly share how it
works?
3. In connection to this, Sec. 16 of RA 9003 states that “the province, city or
municipality, through its local solid waste management boards, shall prepare its
respective 10-year solid waste management plans consistent with the National
Solid Waste Management Framework.” Kindly share the 10-year solid waste
management plan of the Municipal Solid Waste Board?
a. Would it be possible to acquire a copy of the Rodriguez’ Local
Government Solid Waste Management Plan?
4. Are you familiar with the step-by-step process of how solid waste is managed?
How does it work?
5. Are there any recent programs on solid waste management in the municipality
such as information dissemination programs?
6. Section. 47 of RA 9003 states that Local Government Units shall impose fees in
amounts sufficient to pay the costs of preparing, adopting, and implementing a
solid waste management plan prepared pursuant to this Act. My question is, does
Rodriguez impose such fees? How does the municipality do this?
7. I would just like to confirm what I researched, is the landfill in Rodriguez, Rizal
called the Rizal Provincial Sanitary Landfill?
a. Is this Landfill owned and operated by a private sector?
b. How does the relationship work between the private and the public sector
when it comes to managing the landfill site?
i. For example, does the government employ the truck drivers, waste
segregators, etc.?
ii. Does the government pay for the equipment used in the landfill
site?
8. Are you familiar with the municipalities or cities that deliver their garbage to the
Rodriguez’s Landfill? What are these municipalities or cities?
a. Is Manila one of the cities that sends their garbage to the Rodriguez
Landfill?
9. Are you familiar with the Informal Waste Sector near the landfill site? What are
your thoughts?
10. Do you think, in some way, they have a role in helping implement the Solid
Waste Management Policy of the town? Why or why not?
11. Do you think that it is feasible to create a program where the informal waste
sector could be integrated? Why or why not?
Data Page Quote and Line Number Themes/Subthemes
MENRO is responsible in
primarily in monitoring,
disseminating information,
and relaying of
environmental programs
and projects from national
agencies to barangays of a
municipality
1
“Ang Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office, kami ang pagdating sa
yung monitoring saka IEC: Information,
Education, Communication Campaign. At
kami ang nag-aano ng pagmomonitor nung
iba, nag-rerelay sa barangay ng iba’t ibang
programa ng national agencies kamukha nung
DENR-EMB: Environmental Management
Bureau, LLDA: Laguna Lake Development
Authority, DILG yung mga programa nila
tungkol sa environment.” (19-23)
The role of the Municipal
Environment and Natural
Resources Office -
Rodriguez
A current project
spearheaded by MENRO
in accordance with R.A.
9003 is the establishment
of the Materials Recovery
Facility
2
“Na ipapatupad nga sa bawat barangay. Sa
buong municipality. Halimbawa, isang
mandate, mandated sa R.A. 9003 kung
nabasa mo naman, mandated ang bawat
baranggayna magtayo, yun ang main salient
provisions ng R.A. 9003, ang establishment
of MRFs by every barangay. Waste
segregation at source and segregated
collection. Iyan, yan ang nakalagay doon sa
ano, waste segregation at source, segregated
collection, and IEC, component din yan ng
isang magandang pagpapasunod ng solid
waste management. Ginagawa din naming
yan. Ano, ano pa ba. Barangay operation o
establishment operation ng functional
recovery facility. Ano pa ba. May isa pa eh.”
(36-42)
Current Projects of
MENRO- Rodriguez
A current project MENRO
is currently focused on is
the IEC Campaign
(Information, Education,
Communication)
MENRO stated that there
is not much direct, full-
blown, formal services
offered towards the
Informal Waste Sector,
particularly the
scavengers/waste pickers
although there are steps
being taken into
consideration to start
including them.
13
“Pinag-aaralan nila kung papaano
maiimprove yung plight ng mga waste
pickers. May ano pa nga yan eh, may tanong
nga lagi sa amin: kung at least may
orientation ba sila tungkol sa kanilang mga
ano, ganyan eh, no orientation, no seminar o
training para paano man. Halimbawa tungkol
naman sa pangangalaga sa sarili nila, sa
health, sa health and sanitation. Kung merong
ano...” (35-38)
The participant provided a
general description of the
sanitary landfill and a brief
backgrounder.
7
“Oo, Rizal Provincial Sanitary Landfill yun.
Pero, anon a iyon, yung parteng iyong,
rehabilitated na. Wala nang ano… may bago
na. Ano nang pangalan ngayon, Mark? Green
Leap? Sige nga. Tapos paki-bigay mo na sa
akin yung description noong yun. Ah, ilang
hectare, 44 ba? 24, 44 hectare facility. Bago
yun yung anong yun… kumbaga, naghukay
ng panibago. Kasi nga puno na siguro, kaya
naghihintay ng rehabilitation, yung dating
landfill na lugar na iyon. Kumbaga, kung ito
yung isang area, ito yung hinukay nila, ito
yung panibago, panibagong pangalan, pero
iisa yung namamahala. Yun lang, kasi hindi
ko naman alam yung ano eh. Tapos oo yun
lang. Estudyante siya sa, ano ang thesis niya
tungkol sa Solid waste.” (30-37)
A description of
Rodriguez, Rizal Sanitary
Landfill
Coding for Key Informant Interview
The participant also shared
about the role of the
Multipartite Monitoring
Team (MMT) in the
landfill site and the
importance of their role in
maintaining it.
9
“Multipartite Monitoring Team composed of,
kaya nga Multipartite, no? National
Provincial and Local Government
representatives na regularly, I think quarterly,
na nagmomonitor, nagcoconduct ng
monitoring and evaluation sa sanitary
landfill. Tinitignan lahat-lahat yung pagsunod
nila sa batas, kung ano man ang ano. MMT,
Multipartite Monitoring Team. Composed
yan ng National Solid Waste Management
Commission, DENR Region IV-A EMB:
Environmental Management Bureau. Kapag
ano kasi, kasi yang Montalban, Region IV-A,
CALABARZON. So, iyan ang DENR
Region, DENR Rizal, PEMU: Provincial
Environmental Management Unit, LLDA:
Laguna Lake Development Authority, at
Mines and Geosciences Bureau. May
representative yang mga yan, yungmga
agencies nay an, tapos, Kapitolyo, Rizal
Provincial Government, yung ENRO. RPG-
ENRO: Rizal Provincial Government
Environment and Natural Resources Officer,
tapos Health sa Kapitolyo yun ha, at saka…
parang yun lang health at saka ano sa
kapitolyo. Tapos dito, ako.” (2-9)
“Oo, iyan ang MMT. Iyana ng supposed to be
ay magtitingin talaga kung sila ay
nakakacomply, doon sa environmental, oo
yung environmental compliance nila, kasi
may naka, bawat isang ano, may naka, may
listahan sila ng tamang dapat nilang sundin.
Para nga maganda ang pagpapatakbo,
maalagaan ang environment ganayna doon sa
sanitary landfill. Iyana ng tumitingin,
monitoring and evaluation ng multipartite
monitoring team na iyan. It’s done every
quarter of the year. Pero, nitong anon a
tumigil. Kaya iyan, sagot doon sa… supposed
to be kung may ganyan, maprereprevent na
kung ano man, yung ano, kasi tumitingin…”
(19-25)
The participant shared
about the benefits of
housing most of Metro
Manila’s waste such as the
tipping fee collected per
garbage truck.
5
“Tipping Fee yun yung binibigay, binabayad
mo sa Sanitary landfill sa bawat truck na
ipapasok mong basura. Talagang ang
binabayaran lang namin sa private holer
namin, ang binabayaran lang ay talagang
yung hakot nila, yung truck nila, yung sa
paghakot. Pero pag pumasok na sa…
ipapasok na sa, idudump mo na sa Sanitary
Landfill, walang bayad ang (…). Ang
Tipping Fee ata… magkano ang Tipping Fee
ngayon? P 1,500? Isang elf. Parang ganoon.
Hindi kami nagbabayad. So imagine kung,
halimbawa mga ilang truck ba ang…” (21-
26)
The implementation of
R.A. 9003 is slow and it
hinders other projects that
could have been forwarded
already.
13
“Kasi nga, parang huli ang Montalban sa
pagsunod sa R.A.9003. Act of 200 yan eh. So
siguro ang implementation niyan mga 2001.
2010 ako nag-umpisa dito na… 2010, si
Mayor Elyong (Hernandez) Saka pa lang
The Limitations of
MENRO - Rodriguez
nagkaroon ng MENRO dito sa Montalban eh.
2010. Eh samantalang sa ibang bayan, 2001,
2002, may MENRO na. Kay 2005, yari na
yung 10 year Solid Waste Management Plan
nila. Ang 10 year Solid Waste Management
Plan namin, yung unang-una submission pa
lang ha, 2014 eh. Pagkatapos 2016 yung
talagang approval nung updated kasi inupdate
din naman nila. Ang ibig kong sabihin,
parang, parang nahuhuli doon sa awareness
yung mga tao. Tapos, ngayon na nag-
uumpisa nga sa pagsunod, naghihigpit na rin
ng pagpapatupad, ano yung enforcement,
inenforce na talaga yung implementation
parang nakafocus na sa mga ano, bago ma-
focus sa waste pickers. Naka-focus muna
doon sa pagtayo ng MRF, magpasunod, EIC,
yung mga constituents, para maintindihan
nila yung kahalagahan ng pagwawaste
segregation, para makatulong sa proyektong
ganyan ng barangay. Kaya, tapos maya-maya
andyan na yung sa mga drugs, yung mga
Tokhang, ang barangay very busy sa ano
kaya… Pero halimbawa, itong San Isidro,
pinag-aanuhan na nila yan eh…” (18-31)
The participant looks
forward to plans in
creating a Central
Municipal MRF and
programs in including the
Informal Waste Sector
through an intensified IEC
and training on waste
segregation at source,
operation of MRFs, record
keeping, etc.
14
“. Kaya, kami ang ano naming nito, pagpasok
ng taon talaga, mas intensified na IEC at
orientation and training nanaman tungkol
diyan sa lahat ng ano waste segregation at
source, operation ng MRF, record keeping,
mga ganoon. Paano yung composting, kahit
yung mga small-scale composting na mga
puwedeng gawin sa mga backyard. Kasi
obligatory din ang composting sa R.A. 9003,
obligatory ang composting sa mga barangay.
At ang barangay in turn, puwede naman
silang magbigay ng ordinansa na yung mga
bahay bahay na may space para makapg-
practice ng backyard composting, kailangang
maggawa. Ngayon dito sa Rodriguez, kahit
na hindi naman talaga ano yan, pero
maggagawa kami ng Central Muncipal MRF.
Na ang parang magiging main, pinaka-main
na ano ay talagang kasi halos mahigit
dalawang tonelada ang biodegradables sa
palengke, sa public market ng ano. At sa iba
pang ano, di mas Malaki ano. Tapos mahigit
dalawang tonelada dito pa lang sa public
market ng munisipyo. Kaya parang yung
composting ang mag-aano. Kaya puwedeng
pagka talagang nag-ooperate na yan. Kung
talagang may mga barangay na meron silang
compostables, dadalhin na lang nila sa
Central Municipal MRF. At magfofocus doon
sa charcoal (…) kasi may mga equipment na
(…) ilalagay. At yung pag-aano ng ang mga
alternative technology, na halimbawa
gagawin mo sa mga dating mga residuals,
yung mga patapon na, residuals ang tawag
doon eh, doon sa mga patapon na talaga.
Recyclables, compostables, residuals. Pero
may mga residuals pa rin na puwedeng baka
Plans for the near future
makahanap ng technology na magagamit mo
kamukha nung ginagawa nila ngayon na
naggagaganyan ng mga ano. Tapos
ginagawang palaman sa unan. Yung ganoon
ano, alternative technology. Para sa mga
ano… Siguro doon magfofocus yung Central
MRF. Siguro by Decemeber, itong buwan na
ito, nagbibidding pa lang aksi doon sa sa
munisipyo. Inaano nila by this December,
matapos na mag-uumpisa na ng construction.
At January talagang... Tapos ngayon lang din
nagkakaroon ng ordinansa yung mga
barangay, meron na silang matagal na nabuo
na Baranggay Solid Waste Management
Committee. Each barangay, under din yan ng
ano, they’re supposed to do that, mag-
organize.” (21-43)
Coding of In-depth Interview (First Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is an
Informal Waste
segregator
1
Dito po kami nagpipili po kami ng basura dito
na galing ng… ay ano yun, mga basura na
tinatapon dito, pinipilian po naming,
binbayaran po namin yung per dumping. 800
pesos po, yun po yung hanap-buhay namin rito.
(lines 19-21)
Current Job in the Landfill site
The chosen
participant have little
knowledge on the
Solid Waste
Management Policy.
The participant
understood the
policy as a legal
restriction that
describes her job as
illegal
1
Yung sa amin po kasi ano yun eh, kumbaga
bawal talaga yung basura. Kaya lang po kung
pagbabawalan wala na po kaming hanap-
buhay. Kaya kung sa totoo lang po talaga,
bawal ito. Bawal po yung basura na ito. Kaya
lang, no choice talaga, kasi siyempre marami
akong anak. Yun talaga yung hanap-buhay
naming [lines 28-31]
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant
believes that her job
actually negatively
affects the
environment
2
Hindi, nakakasira nga poi yon sa kalikasan.
Kaya lang, yun talaga po yung hanap-buhay
naming. Wala naman kaming mapagtrabahuan
ng maayos. Siyemrpe marami akong anak, pito
yan. May nag-aaral akong college, isa. Tapos
minsan hindi pa nga ako nakakapagpadala. Ssa
dami naming kumakain. (lines 39-41)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant did
not comment on any
changes in the
landfill site
n/a n/a Changes observed since first
arrived at the landfill site.
She agreed that
protecting their
health relied on
herself. The
protective gear she
have may not be the
ideal, but they are
enough to protect her
from small things
that may hinder her
from working
properly like bruises
and cuts
4
• Awa ng diyos po wala naman pong
nagkakasakit. Kaya lang, siyempre, maaga pa
kami kailangang papunta na kami rito. Uuwi
kami hapon na talaga para mag-ayos ng kung
anong dapat mapagkakaperahan pagdating ng
hapon [line 28-30]
• Ay ano po bota, ako po kasi hindi nagbobota,
nagtsitsinelas lang po ako [line 35]
Protection from Health hazards
in their occupation
The participant did
not provide any
information.
n/a n/a Other source of compensation
The participant is
willing to consider
any form of
government
compensation that
could help alleviate
their lives than
working on
dumpsites.
3
Okay po iyon… na kung sila po yung tutulong
sa amin, eh…. Okay lang yun po sa amin,
kaysa ganito. Kasi ito po, hindi po ito habang-
buhay na ganito. Minsan po pagka ano talaga,
pinapatigil din ito sa amin. Hindi naman ito, as
in, tuloy-tuloy talaga. (Lines 30-32)
Willingness to participate in
Solid Waste Management
Programs of Government
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
scavenger 1
Dito? Nag-aano ng basura. Nangangalahig.
(line 23) Current Job in the Landfill site
The chosen
participant have little
knowledge on the
Solid Waste
Management Policy.
The participant
understood the policy
as a legal restriction
that describes her job
as illegal
1
Ay, yun ang hindi ko inalam. Basta ang akin
lang eh ano… nangangalahig kami, tapos para
pagkakitaan namin. Yun lang. [lines 36-37]
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant was
unaware of her role
but she is confident
that policy-makers
are doing their best
to help the
environment
2
Sa kalikasan, ‘yan din hindi ko inalam. Pero
siyempre, alam naman natin sigurong lahat
‘yan di ba? Pero ginawan naman na ng paraan
yata iyan para hindi maano yung sa kalikasan.
Isang ano yan ng mga namamahala. (lines 5-7)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
She observed none n/a n/a Changes observed since first
arrived at the landfill site.
The participant
believed that she has
to look after her
health on her own.
This is manifested on
how she have to
provide protective
gear for herself on
her own.
2-3
• Naka-bota po tapos siyempre naka-guantes po
saka may gamit na ano kalahig. [line 44]
• Para po hindi ma-ano, matinik or masugatan
yung kamay. Mabubog. [line 4]
• Hindi. Siyempre natural. Pero kailangan nasa
iyo yung pag-iingat kasi andoon po yung
trabaho mo eh. Iingatan po yung sarili, ‘di ba?
[lines 8-9]
Protection from Health hazards
in their occupation
The participant
claimed that she has
participated in the
MRF (Materials
Recovery Facility)
and through this she
receives some form
of compensation.
• Miyembro rin kami ng MRF eh. [line 2]
• Yun pong ano, nagsesegregate ng basura [line
6]
• Doon po kami kukuha po ng ano… ng pang-
gamot [line 15]
• Yun pong sa amin, yung pinaka-pondo. Ay
ang ibig sabihin, yung butaw. [line 35]
Other source of compensation
No information
provided n/a n/a
Willingness to participate in
Solid Waste Management
Programs of Government
Coding of In-depth Interview (Second Participant)
Coding of In-depth Interview (Third Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
vendor even before
she landed in Brgy.
San Isidro
1 Ganyan din po. Nagtitinda. (Line 19) Current Job in the Landfill site
The participant was
not familiar with the
policy.
2 Hindi naman eh. [line 16] Level of Awareness on the Solid
Waste Management Policy
The participant did
not believe that her
job previously as a
scavenger has any
positive effect on the
environment.
3
Kalikasan, Hindi. Kaya lang, yun talaga ang
trabaho. Nasa basura ang pera. Nakakasira nga
iyon eh. (chuckles) [lines 26-27]
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
No information
provided n/a n/a
Changes observed since first
arrived at the landfill site.
The participant
believed that the
protective gear she
provided for herself
was enough to
protect her.
3-4
• Nagbobota tapos naka-mask. [line 32]
• Oo. Okay naman ang bota. Basta makakapal
lang kasi nga maraming bubog. [line 39]
• Ay hindi. Kasi nga, papasok pa rin yun sa ano
mo baga mo. Marami nga diyan may hika.
[line 4]
Protection from Health hazards
in their occupation
The participant just
confirmed she is a
member but did not
specify what kind of
compensation she
received.
4 • (When asked if they were a member of MRF)
Oo [line 20] Other source of compensation
No information
provided n/a n/a
Willingness to participate in
Solid Waste Management
Programs of Government
Coding In-depth Interview (Fourth Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
scavenger in the dumpsite. 1
Ako po ay isang scavenger na nangangalahig
lang, araw-araw na ayun ang hanap-buhay
naming dito, manambakan dito sa basurahan ng
landfill (Lines 20-21)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant was aware
that this law is concerned
primarily on maintaining
the health of the
community but is not fully
aware of the specifics of
the law.
6
Kaya maganda rin yung kahit papaano sinasabi
niyang gobyerno na magkaroon ng ano kasi,
tama rin naman yung magkaroon ng tamang
tapunan ng mga basura, nasa tama talaga. Kasi
kahit papaano, doon, ma-ano mo talaga yung
basura kahit doon ka maghalungkat, malayo sa
ano ng mga… populasyon ng mga tao. Kaya mas
maganda na may basurahan talaga na tamang
lagayan. (Lines 10-16)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy and Awareness on
their role in helping the
environment.
The participant shared that
part of the Landfill’s strict
rules is prohibiting
bringing of sharp objects
like knives and following
moving garbage trucks.
8
Basta ang bawal lang diyan, bawal kang
manigarilyo, bawal kang magdala ng matatalim
na bagay, Kasi gaya ng kutsilyo, iwas disgrasya,
yun ang pinagbabawal diyan, yung susunod ka
sa bulldozer, yung susunod ka sa truck… (Lines
5-7)
Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
The participant exclaimed
that ever since the Payatas
shut down, many of its
residents emigrated to
Brgy. San Isidro, causing a
sizing up of the population.
Although waste delivered
also increased, the
competition also increased
among scavengers as
population increased
7
• Unang dating ko, mas maganda noon kaysa
ngayon. Kasi noon, maraming hindi pinagbawal.
Yung talagang walang bawal-bawal ganito,
ganun. Ngayon mas iba ngayon kasi mas
dumami ang tao ngayon. (lines 21-23)
• Oo, dahil simula magsarado ang Payatas, halos
dito ang tambakan. Dito ang mga tao
nagpuntahan. Kaya yun yung imbis na
makakuha ka ng marami ngayon hindi na. Yung
parang sapat lang, yung para sa iyo. (lines 27-
29)
Changes observed since first
arrived at the landfill site.
The participant believed
that what she provides for
herself is not enough. Her
best protection is patience
and being extra careful in
her work
2
Yung ano, yung guwantes (gloves) pero minsan
hindi na kami gumagamit ng guwantes kasi
kapag may guwantes, ganoon din eh,
nasusugatan ka pa rin. Talagang kamay lang eh.
Tiyaga lang sa pangangalahig, may kalahig, kasi
kami may hinahawakan. (lines 20-22)
Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The participant shared that
she is a member of an
association that supports
them in the event that any
of the members had an
emergency, the association
will be able to help them
4
Oo, kapag halimbawa ano, napalsot ka, puwede
kang humingi ng tulong doon, pambili ng gamut,
pero yung sabihin mong halimbawa wala kang
kalahig diyan, di ka puwedeng humingi ng
pantulong. Kasi yung pera yun para sa mga
taong talaga yung mga naaksidente lang, ganyan
(lines 11-13)
Other source of
compensation
The participant shared that
her willingness to enter
really depends on the
income she’ll receive once
she’s part of the Formal
Sector. Although her
income as a scavenger may
be uncertain, she believes
that it’s still enough for her
and her family to survive.
7
Kung halimbawa maganda yung ano ng MRF,
bakit hindi? Para naman din sa ano, halimbawa
maganda din yung inaalok na posisyon na
magkaroon ng trabaho yung ano kaysa
manambakan, mga anak maalagaan ng
maayos… ( lines 1-3)
Willingness to participate in
Solid Waste Management
Programs of Government
Coding In-depth Interview: (Fifith Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is an
Informal Waste
Segregator
1 Ano, pipilian po yung kalakal tapos
ididispose sa baba. (Line 36) Current Job in the Landfill site
The participant was not
entirely familiar on the
nature of said policy.
6 Hindi po. (Line 36)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant believed
that his role has a
positive impact on the
environment although he
did not expound on it.
7 (When asked whether his job has a positive
impact on the environment) Oo. (line 21)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant shared
the regulations done by
the Private Sanitary
Landfill in order to
lessen cases of accidents
and/or deaths.
3
Hindi rin, mahigpit lang sila kapag ano,
itong taon, tuwing January tapos February,
ganyan kasi ano yan eh, palitan ng uniform.
Tapos I.D., Barangay I.D., doon lang sila
naghihigpit. Pero sa isang beses lang yun
(lines 27-29)
Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
The participant shared
that the population and
the waste coming in the
landfill site had
increased. Although this
did not mean higher
income.
3 Bukod sa tao dumami din yung basura.
(line 3)
Changes observed since first
arrived at the landfill site.
The participant provided
these materials for
himself in order to
protect himself from the
dangers of his job.
4
Ganito, long-sleeve tapos (line 10)
Bota, Dobleng ano, para sa init, tapos
mask kasi ang kapal na rin ng
alikabok doon. Dahil sa dami ng truck
eh. (lines 14-15)
Protection from Health hazards
in their occupation
The participant shared
that almost all
scavengers are part of
various associations.
These associations
primarily help them
financially especially
when it comes to
injuries/accidents that
may need treatment
3
Kailangan niyo kasi, kapag ano…
kailangan mo talagang sumali sa asosasyon
para pag madisgrasya ka man o isa man sa
mga member mo may tutulong sa iyo. Kasi
ang binibigay nilang tulong diyan,
mismong galing din sa mga kagaya namin.
Yung sinasabi nilang butaw sa isang
linggo, isang beses lang yun o dalawa
(lines 41- 44)
Other source of compensation
The participant was
willing to join and
participate in any future
government projects
concerning waste
management, although
this willingness will
depend on whether the
income would be better
as compared to what he
usually gains from his
current work.
7 Tignan ko lang, kung depende sa kita (line
28)
Willingness to participate in
Solid Waste Management
Programs of Government
Coding In-depth Interview (Sixth Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
Scavenger. 1
Bale, nangangalahig kami kinukuha naming
yung maga plastic – plastic, sibak, lata, kung
ano man yung makukuha. (Lines 16-17)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant had no
idea about the policy. 8 Hindi ko pa naano. (line 7)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant shared
that the fact that they
exchange materials that
are still usable actually
helps the Sanitary
Landfill lessen the
volume of garbage.
9
Oo, nakakatulong din naman kami. Kasi
halimbawa, pag iyon hindi mo babawasan
yung tambakan na iyon, dadami lalo ang
basura. (Lines 22-23)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant shared
that one of the strict
policies implemented by
the Sanitary Landfill is
that scavengers are not
allowed to follow the
bulldozer. In addition the
night shift was eradicated
because cases of
accidents have happened
during this time before
2 and
4
Oo, may ginagawa rin silang ano, kaya
lang, hindi pupuwede doon sa amin na
hindi sumunod minsan sa bulldozer kasi
nandoon yung buhay naming eh (pg. 2;
Lines 18-19)
Katulad nga yung strikto sila sa pagpasok.
Wala kang… dati may pang gabi kami.
Inalis nga yun noong nagkaroon ng
disgrasya. Ngayon strikto din ngayon sa
pang-gabi. Bawal mangalahig at bawal
dumikit sa mga equipment. (pg. 4; Lines
10-12)
Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
The participant shared
that the population
actually doubled when
the Payatas shutdown
occurred. It affected their
livelihood negatively as
incomes lessen because
of greater completion.
6
Marami. Kung tutuusin dumami nga ang
tapon ng truck, dumami rin ang tao. Kasi
yung mga taga-Payatas, pumupunta rito.
Hindi naman naming puwedeng pagbawalan
yan dahil hanap-buhay. Halos dati nasa
almost isang libo kami. Ngayon nadagdagan
pa, doble. (Lines 17-19)
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
Besides the Uniform, the
participant shared that he
protects himself using
boots, usually those that
he finds in the landfill
site. He believes his gear
is not enough to fully
protect him.
11
kasi ang bota sa totoo lang ang mahal. Ang
ano niyan, kukuha lang kapag may nadampot
na bota palit na lang. (Lines 36 -37)
Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The participant shared
that the 7 associations
existing in the barangay
help in providing
monetary support.
Sometimes the private
Landfill site also provides
some only in cases where
their equipment caused
the accident.
5
Ngayon pito kaming asosasyon, kung
sinong nadisgrasya natututlungan din
naming. Pero, naanuhan din nila yung sa
loob. Minsan kapag hindi rin talagang
kailangan na ano tumutulong din sila. (
Lines5-7)
Other source of
compensation
The participant shared
that he feels it won’t
provide him enough
income for the family.
8
Hindi, kung okay naman na sasahuran yung
tao, sapat naman doon sa araw na, doon sa
kikitain namin, mas pipiliin ko pa yung dito.
(lines 28-29)
Willingness to participate in
Solid Waste Management
Programs of Government
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
Scavenger. 1
Nangangalakal, nangangalahig, kinakalahig
namin yung mga basura para makakuha kami
ng mga kalakal. (Lines 24-25)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant was not
familiar with this rule,
although regarding rules
on waste management,
she shares that their
association provides
some.
1
Wala akong narinig sa ganyang batas. Kasi,
ang sinusunod lang naming batas eh yung
batas ng bawat asosasyon sa amin. (Lines 19-
20)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant shared
that even though her work
may deal with recycling
and managing wastes, it
doesn’t erase the fact that
chemicals from plastics
are still produced and it
will certainly affect our
environment negatively.
8
Aaminin ko, hindi. Kasi yang trabaho namin
na yan sa pagrerecycle, sa totoo lang, kagaya
noong mga plastic na ganyan, may kemikal
yan eh. Di ba? May kemikal yan, kaya hindi
rin ako kasi, lalo na sa mga mahihina ang
baga ng bata, Di ba? Siyempre wala naman
kaming ibang pagkakakitaan kundi iyan kaya
tinitiis na lang naming. (Lines 8-11)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant stated that
besides renewing
uniforms and I.D’s, the
management of the
sanitary landfill also
prohibits following trucks
before it disposes waste
materials as it may cause
accidents.
3 and
6
Oo naman, kagaya nung sa uniporme, di
ka makapasok kapag wala kang uniporme,
walang I.D. Tapos taon-taon, nagrerenew
kami ng uniporme, nagrerenew kami ng
I.D. (pg. 3; Lines 12-13)
Tapos bawal kang pumila sa truck bago
yung… halimbawa, dudumping yung
truck pipilahan mo na, bawal yun (pg. 6;
Lines 32-33)
Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
The participant shared
that although the
population increased, the
number of waste
delivered to the sanitary
landfill doesn’t feel like it
changed because waste is
delivered everyday
9
Oo, dumami talaga, kasi araw-araw namang
hindi nauubos yung basura eh. Kahit araw
gabi na nangongolekta yung mga truck para
magtapon ng basura hindi talaga nauubos yan
(Lines 1-2)
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
The participant stated that
she buys these protective
gear on her own.
3
Guwantes sa kamay. Kagaya noon, guwantes
sa kamay. Tapos Jacket. Yung sa uniporme na
nga namin. (Lines 22-23)
Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The participant exclaimed
that there are 7 groups in
total and she is a member
of this particular group..
4
Ano, kami, sa asosasyon na sinasalihan namin
kasi bale pitong grupo yan eh. Sa ano kaming
asosasyon ng ISLABA. (Lines 1-2)
Other source of
compensation
.The participant
exclaimed that she is
willing for a more
interventionist approach
from the state where each
actor could help each
other out.
9
Magtulugan na lang kami. Para naman kahit
papaano yung mga anak namin, nababantayan
naming.(Lines 25-26) Willingness to participate in
Solid Waste Management
Programs of Government
Coding In-depth interview (Seventh participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a waste
segregator. 1 Nagpipili ng kalakal (Line 16)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant shared
that she has no idea about
laws in general.
4 Hindi naman ako masyado kasing nag-
aano sa ganyan eh. (Line 1)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant is not sure
about her role in helping
the environment
4 Hindi ko alam. (Line 35)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
n/a n/a
No information given Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
The participant exclaimed
that both the people and
the trash increased since
she first came to the
barangay.
2 Yung tao dumami, ganoon din yung
basura siyempre. (Line 23)
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
The participant shared
that she uses gloves as a
protective gear. There are
times she doesn’t even
feel it necessary to be
used for her line of work.
2 Oo, guwantes. Minsan kapag walang
guwantes kamay na lang (Line 32) Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The participant shared
that she and her husband
are part of the association
Bagong Buhay that helps
them financially if ever
they get into an accident
or injury.
3
Ganoon nga ang sabi, kapag may
aksidente o kaya ano, puwedeng humingi
ng tulong sa samahan nila ganoon. (Lines
13-14) Other source of
compensation
The participant’s choice
to join if ever a program
do exist depended on the
income she’d receive.
5
Depende din naman po yun sa kikitain
eh. (Line 31) Willingness to participate in
Solid Waste Management
Programs of Government
Coding In-depth Interview (Eighth Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
scavenger at the landfill
site
1 Scavenger, nangangalahig. (Line 16) Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant answered
that she is not familiar
with the policy.
4 Hindi. (Line 16)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant believed
that her role in the
environment is beneficial
although she did not
expound on her idea.
5
Oo. (Line 37)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant stated that
the management of the
landfill site has strict
rules and regulations
especially regarding
scavengers immediately
approaching a moving
truck. This act is strictly
prohibited as it has
caused accidents before.
3
Meron din. Katulad noong ano, bawal kang
lumapit sa truck, tapos pag insuro, bawal mong
lapitan. Mahigpit din kasi diyan sa landfill eh.
Marami ring bawal. Kasi iwas disgrasya na rin.
(Lines 25-26) Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
Thee participant shared
that although there were
more garbage delivered to
their dumpsite, it did not
guarantee that all of these
would contain valuable
things for their line of
living.
1
Dumami rin kaso wala ding mga laman.
Ganoon, walang makuha. (Line 37)
Opo, dumami. Sobrang dami na ngang tao
dito eh (Line 41)
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
The participant stated that
she primarily uses these
and most of the time they
are enough because she is
used with the
environment.
3 Ano lang, uniform ganyan. Pantalon. (Line 9) Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The participant shared
that she and her husband
are part of an association.
They contribute 10 pesos
every week to fund the
association. Although
they haven’t experienced
any accidents yet, they
were assured that the
association will help them
if it comes to that point.
2
Lalo na tuwing magbubutaw ka tuwing
Miyerkules, sampu ganyan. (Line 37)
Other source of
compensation
The participant shared
that she would take the
job if there is no work left
for her in the landfill.
7
Siguro, kung mawala talaga ito. (Line 22) Willingness to participate in
Solid Waste Management
Programs of Government
Coding In-depth Interview (Ninth Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is currently
a housewife, an immediate
dependent of her husband
who works at the landfill
site.
1 Hindi po. Ano po, housewife (Line 32)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant was not
familiar of the Solid waste
management act.
4 Hindi. (Line 1)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant agreed that
their main income
generator, which is the
informal waste picking,
helps in clean the
environment through
recycling and waste
segregation. She also adds
that this is a key factor that
could help attract tourists
4
Sa tingin ko oo naman kasi nakukuha nila
lahat ng bagay na mga gamit na hindi na
puwede, hindi tulad ng iba na itatapon na lang
kung saan-saan. Sila, pupulutin nila para i-
recycle. Tingin ko naman nakakatulong din
naman sa bansa natin kasi nakakabawas dumi
din naman. Sakaling may dumating na turista
di ba? Para mauna naman tayo sa kalinisan.
Kasi alam kong nabibilang din tayo sa pinaka-
mababang ano di ba? (Lines 10-14)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant stated that
she knew of two strict
things implemented inside:
One is wearing a uniform
and identification card to
identify what association
and what your name is in
case you encountered an
accident inside the landfill
site and Two is that
smoking is greatly
prohibited because of the
gaseous material existing
that might cause an
explosion.
5
Meron naman, kasi ang pinapatupad talaga
diyan una sa lahat ‘No uniform, No Entry’. Kasi
once na wala kang uniform o wala kang I.D.,
paano kapag nadisgrasya ka? Hindi nila
makikilala kung sino ka. Saka kung anong
asosasyon ka. Yun ang pinakamahigpit nilang
pinagbabawal. At saka isa rin diyan sa
tamabakan kasi ano siya eh, kumabaga may gas
yun sa loob. Kaya bawal na ring manigarilyo
diyan sa tamabakan. Kasi once na may
puwedeng masunog, yung ano ng tambakan.
(Lines 14-18)
Regulation from the
Private Sanitary Landfill
The participant shared that
one particular change she
observed was several
people coming from
Payatas who used to depend
on the then closed landfill
site. She then shared how
this had affected the profit
they made before the
people started coming in
their barangay.
3
Hmm-hm (In agreement), marami. Ano, yung
mga taga-Payatas kasi, yung nagsara yung
tamabakan nila, kasi yung sa Metro Manila ito
yung pinaka-malaking tamabakan, kaya lahat
ng mga taga-Payatas, pumunta na rito. Dati
kasi kaunti lang yung nangangalahig kaya
malakas pa yung kita. Ngayon, Kaunti na lang
kasi ang daming nangangalahig. Taga-Payatas
na karamihan. (Lines39-42)
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
She shared that her husband
usually just depends on
boots for protection and
some makeshift covers to
protect himself from the
dust. She also shared how
they could not afford to buy
brand new boots and only
replaces their used ones
5
Ano lang, bota, sapatos, sa paa lang.
(Line 22)
Minsan hindi. Wala naman kaming
pambili kasi nga ang mahal ng bota.
Ginagawa lang niya yung mga kuha-kuha
na bota. Yun, yun lang gamit niya, yun
lang proteksyon niya sa paa. Tapos sa
mukha, damit lang, sa alikabok. (Lines
26-28)
Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
Coding In-depth Interview (Tenth Participant)
when they find some at the
landfill site.
The participant shared that
her husband is covered by
the Association he
belonged to through a small
amount of money.
5
Ano benefits yan, kapag sakaling nagkakasakit
siya, puwede kaming humingi ng tulong.
Doon sa asosasyon nila. Pero hindi naman
ganoong kalaki parang sapat lang sa ano. Kasi
minsan nagkakasabay-sabay yung ano eh,
ganyang…. (Lines 1-4)
Other source of
compensation
The participant’s
willingness to participate is
driven by the profit they
might receive from this
possible project. 6
Depende kasi sa bigay ng sahod yun eh. Kasi
once na Malaki yung sahod na binigay niya,
puwede. Puwede siyang makisali sa
proyektong iyon. Kung hindi naman, mababa,
iisipin mo kasi ang kita mo sa isang araw
ganoon kalaki tapos may metal ka pang
naitatabi. (Lines 4-6)
Willingness to participate
in Solid Waste
Management Programs of
Government
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
scavenger in the landfill
site
1 Ano namamasura lang din, nangunguha ng
mga kalakal. (Line 27)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant is not
familiar with the Solid
Waste Management Policy
3 Hindi pa, hindi ko pa naririnig yun (Line 26)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant shared his
experience in trash porting
in explaining the informal
waste sectors’ role in
helping the environment;
that trash porting
essentially helps in
lessening trash
accumulation alongside
roads
4
Oo naman. Nakakatulong din yan. (Line
1)
Dati din kasi nagpahinante din ako sa
truck eh. Kinukuha namin yung mga
basura sa daanan, sa gilid-gilid. Sa ibang
lugar. (Lines 5-6)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant explained
that the strictest regulation
for scavengers of the
landfill site is following the
bulldozer. Identification
cards and uniforms were
also required and were
renewed through their
respective associations.
2
Yung sumunod sa bulldozer yung ano,
tapos isang dipa bago ka pipila sa truck.
(Line 14)
Meron din saka I.D. (Line 18)
Sa ano namin, may presi-presidente kasi
diyan eh. Kapag oras ng palitan ng
uniform, yung presidente namin yung
kukuha ng uniform. Doon sa ano, sa
kasiglahan. Nagpapagawa
Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
n/a
n/a
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
The participant stated that
he mainly uses boots when
scavenging. He stated that
he only sourced this out
from the landfill site 3
Bota. (Line 12)
Hindi na, wala nang mask mask diyan eh.
Bota lang saka kalahig lang yung
gagamitin mo diyan. (Line 16)
Wala, sarili mo lang din yung ano..
minsan napupulot naming yung bota yun
na yung ginagamit naming. Kapag ayos
pa. (Lines 20-21)
Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The association the
participant belongs
provides help through
monetary form in case of
injuries.
3
Hindi kapag ano, kapag nadisgrasya ka,
puwede kang humingi doon ng tulong.
Kunyari napako ka, meron ka ring pambili ng
gamot. (Lines 3-4)
Other source of
compensation
The participant is willing to
join if ever the opportunity
comes 4
Siguro ganoon na nga rin. (Line 35) Willingness to participate
in Solid Waste
Management Programs of
Government
Coding In-depth Interview (Eleventh Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
scavenger. 1 Pangalahig. (Line 30)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant is not
familiar with the policy at
all.
4 Hindi. (Line 19)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant shared
that his job helps in
lessening the volume of
waste produced every
day.
4
Nakakatulong din. (Line 27)
Nababawasan din. Katulad ganyan, kwan
ilang tonelada ang nakukuha araw-araw.
(Line 39)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
n/a
n/a Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
The participant shared
that ever since people
from Payatas came to
their barangay to
scavenge, his profits
lessened.
2
Noon kumikita kami ng Malaki minsan
700 (pesos), minsan 800 (pesos), ngayon
wala na. Buti nga kumita ng 300 (pesos).
(Lines 35-36)
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
The participant stated that
he buys the boots he use
for his livelihood. 3
Ganoon kwan, bota lang saka… bota
lang. (Line 33)
Binibili namin. (Line 39)
Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The participant is a
member of an association
that covers a portion of
his financial needs if he
encounters an
injury/accident.
3
Kasali kami sa asosasyon. (Line 5)
Ano lang 300 (pesos). Kulang pa nga ako
pa nga naggastos sa mga gamot.(Line 29) Other source of
compensation
The participant is not
willing to join because he
believes there is still more
profit made in scavenging
materials than from a
regular job.
5
Mas maganda pa ring magtrabaho diyan sa
tambakan. Araw-araw kumikita ka (Line 15) Willingness to participate
in Solid Waste
Management Programs of
Government
Coding In-depth Interview (Twelfth Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
scavenger 1 Nangangalahig. (Line 22)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant has little
knowledge of the policy
except for the general fact
that his line of work is
associated with some
aspects of the policy.
3
Ah oo, ano kami doon sa pagsesegregate.
Pabor kami doon. Kaya lang, kung
isesegregate nila dapat itapon din nila dito.
Huwag nilang kukunin yung pinagkakakitaan
naming. (Lines 39-40)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant is leaning
more to saying that his
line of work is not helpful
to the environment
5
Oo nakakatulong din kami, pero hindi ko rin
masabi na nakakatulong kasi ano yan eh,
nakakasira ng kalikasan. (Lines 20-21)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant stated that
it is strictly required for
scavengers to wear a
uniform and I.D. in the
form of a Baranggay I.D.
2
Meron naman, ano lang sa uniform mga I.D.
ganyan. Hanggang doon lang, Baranggay I.D.
bago ka makapasok doon. (Lines 1-2) Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
The participant stated that
nothing much changed
since his first stay
especially when it comes
to his income because it
income in their line of
work depends on many
factors.
1
Wala naman. Ganoon pa rin. (Line 34)
Pare-parehas naman, di naman kasi parehas
yung kita. Minsan may magandang kita,
minsan wala. (Lines 38-39)
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
The participant shared that
he got used to the
environment and all he
really needed as
protection were a pair of
boots that he usually gets
from the landfill site.
5
Ano lang, ingat lang. (Line 10)
Hindi kinukuha lang din naming sa
tambakan yung bota, yung mga napupulot,
kahit yung mga butas, basta puwede pang
gamitin. Sinusuot namin. (14-15)
Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The participant shared
that he is part of an
association called SIMCA
and that its meetings held
almost regularly are
mainly focused on
reminding members to
follow the rules inside the
landfill site.
2
SIMCA kami eh. SIMCA. (Line 14)
Oo, nagmemeeting din kami. (Line
23)
Yung mga pinagbabawal sa loob.
Yun ang ano, mga
pinagmemeetingan. (Line 27)
Other source of
compensation
The participant shared that
his willingness depends
on the treatment he’ll
receive inside. 4
Depende naman siguro sa, kunwari kung
maayos yung pamamalakad nila, sasama kami.
Papasok kami. Pero kung hindi maayos yung
pamamalakad, hindi kami sasama (Lines 31-
32)
Willingness to participate
in Solid Waste
Management Programs of
Government
Coding In-depth Interview (Thirteenth Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant trades
waste scavenged 1 Nangangalasi. (Line 24)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant is not
fully aware of what the
policy is.
5 Hindi po. (Line 39)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant believes
that she does have a role
in helping the
environment through
waste segregation
6
Opo. Kasi kumbaga po parang nalilinis din po
naming yung mga nabubulok sa hindi
nabubulok. (Line 14) Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant shared
that the strictest rule is to
not stay too close to the
bulldozer before
collecting waste
materials.
4
Ano umiwas po sa bulldozer, tapos huwag
pong pipila sa truck. (Line 19)
Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
The participant shared
that she and her husband
have only been living
there for one year and it’s
not enough to indicate the
changes happening.
7 Mga isang taon pa lang kami rito. (Line
36)
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
The participant mainly
uses boots and a
makeshift clothing used
to cover her face from
dusts.
4 Ah, meron po. Bota, tapos mga damit, pang-
ano sa ulo. (Line 2)
Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The participant is part of
the ISLABA association.
She shared also that she
hasn’t receive any
compensation yet.
3
Meron po. (Line 13)
ISLABA (Line 17)
Wala pa po. (Line 25) Other source of
compensation
The participant is not
willing to join because
she was used to her line
of work.
6
Hindi po. Para na rin po kasing nasanay po
kami dito eh. (Line 38)
Willingness to participate
in Solid Waste
Management Programs of
Government
Coding In-depth Interview (Fourteenth Participant)
Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes
The participant is a
scavenger. 1
Ano, nangangalahig lang po. Yung scavenger.
(Line 26)
Current Job in the Landfill
site
The participant is only
aware about the policy in
general and not the
specifics.
5 Naririnig ko, sa radio. Minsan nakikinig ako
(Line 12)
Level of Awareness on the
Solid Waste Management
Policy
The participant agrees
that they are helping the
environment through
their proper waste
management of
segregating materials.
5
Kasi halimbawa ganyan, parang hindi naman
pakalat-kalat yung ano namin eh, halimbawa
ganyan mga basura, sasako mo yan. O kaya
kapag may dumaang truck, ikakarga namin
pabalik doon sa kalahigan (Lines 38-40)
Awareness on their role in
helping the environment
The participant shared
that the private landfill
site is strict about certain
requirements like a
Baranggay Identification
Card and Association
Identification Card.
4
Oo. Kapag wala kang ano, walang kang
I.D., Baranggay… Baranggay I.D.,
Asosasyon I.D., wala kang uniform, di
ka makakapasok.(Lines 14-15)
Oo, kahit anong asosasyon dapat
kailangan kumpleto ka noon. (Line 27)
Regulation from the Private
Sanitary Landfill
The participant believes
nothing much changed
during her stay.
2 Mayroon naman po pero, sa tingin ko
parang ganoon pa rin eh. (Line 27)
Changes observed since
first arrived at the landfill
site.
The participant uses
boots and socks to protect
herself when scavenging.
2 Wala nagbobota lang, medyas ganoon. Minsan
guwantes. (Line 31)
Protection from Health
hazards in their occupation
The participant claimed
that she would receive a
small amount of money
to help those scavengers
who are in need.
3
Ano halimbawa kapag nagkasakit ka, yung
parang pinaka-pondo nila, nagpopondo sila
tuwing Miyerkules. Nagbubutaw, yung sabing
butaw. Yun ang pinaka-pondo yun. Kung may
emergency naman nakakakuha ka rin naman
pero hindi ganoon kalaki. (Lines 17-19)
Other source of
compensation
The participant is willing
to join If the job would
provide everyday
compensation. She was
hesitant if others in the
community would be
thrilled about this
‘opportunity’.
6
Kung sa akin okay yan. Sa akin okay yan kasi
maganda rin naman di ba? Kung talagang ma-
araw-araw yung trabaho, saka maganda ang
kita, bakit hindi ipagpapalit dito di ba? Kung
sa akin, ewan ko lang sa iba. Hindi naman
pare-parehas ang isip ng tao. (Lines 32-34)
Willingness to participate
in Solid Waste
Management Programs of
Government
Coding In-depth Interview (Fifteenth Participant)
PHOTOS
On the way to the Brgy. San
Isidro Landfill Site
A back dumping site of a household in
the community.
Young children of
scavenger participants.
The road on the way to a participant’s
home.
Collected waste materials for trade
A participant’s home and
trading area.
Ang Kasulatan ng Pahintulot na ito ay para kay __________________
Ang Kasulatan ng Pahintulot na ito ay para po sa mga miyembro ng Impormal na Sektor ng
Pagbabasura (Informal Waste Sector) ng Sitio San Isidro, Brgy. Lukutang Maliit, Rodriguez,
Rizal. Kayo po ay aming iniimbitahang lumahok sa aming pag-aaral na pinamagatang: “An
Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management in Brgy. San Isidro,
Rodriguez, Rizal” (Pagsusuri sa pagiimplementa ng MENRO ng Solid Waste Management sa
Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal)
Tagapagsiyasat: Gabrielle B. Allabo
Political Science Program, University of the Philippines – Manila
Pamagat ng Pagsusuri: An Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste
Management in Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal
(Isang pagsusuri sa pag-iimplementa ng MENRO ng Solid Waste Management sa Brgy. San
Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal)
Unang Bahagi: Impormasyon tungkol sa Pagsusuri
Ako po ay si Gabrielle B. Allabo, isang mag-aaral ng University of the Philippines –
Manila. Kasalukuyang po akong nananaliksik tungkol sa pagbubukod ng Impormal na
Sektor ng Pagbabasura mula sa pagtupad ng polisiyang Solid Waste Management ng
Sitio San Isidro, Brgy. Lukutang Maliit, Rodriguez, Rizal. Aking pong ibinabahagi
Kasulatan ng Pahintulot na ito upang anyayahan po kayo na makilahok sa pagsusuri na
ito. Aking nais na ipaalala po na ang pagsali sa pag-aaral na ito ay boluntaryo at hindi po
sapilitan. Maari po kayong umalis at hindi na lumahok bago isagawa or habang
isinasagawa ang pag-aaral.
Itong Kasulatan ng Pahintulot ay naglalaman po ng mga salitang maaring hindi po
kayo pamilyar. Kung sakaling may mahanap po kayong ganito, maari niyo po akong
tanungin tungkol dito at aking ibabahagi po ang aking nalalaman. Kung mayroon man po
kayong mga katanungan, maari niyo pong kunin ang aking atensyon upang itanong ito.
University of the Philippines – Manila Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila
Layunin ng Pagsusuri
Isang malaking problema na ng Pilipinas ang Basura. Matagal nang hinaharap ito
ng bansa at nananatili pa ring dahilan ng ilang problemang pangkalikasan katulad ng
mabilisang pagbaha, stagnant na tubig, at iba pa. Ang pag-aaral po na ito ay may
layuning bigyang pansin kung papaano po hinaharap o binibigyang pananagutan ng
mamamayang Pilipino ang basurang kanilang itinatapon. Isasagawa ng pag-aaral ang
layunin pong ito sa pamamagitan ng pagsusuri ng polisiyang siyang humharap ng
problemang ito sa basura: ang Solid Waste Management Policy.
Paraan ng Pagususri
Ang pag-aaral po na ito ay nangangailangan ng iyong pakikilahok sa isang
isahang panayam na siyang magtatagal po ng tatlumpung minute (30 mins.) o hanggang
isa at kalahating minuto (1 hr. and 30 mins.).
Pagpili ng Kalahok
Kayo po ay pinili ng mananaliksik dahil bilang miyembro ng Impormal na Sektor
ng Pagbabasura, kayo po ay mayroong personal na karanasan tungkol sa epekto ng
pagbubukod ng isang grupo mula sa pagtupad ng isang polisiya katulad ng Social Waste
Management Policy. Layunin po ng pag-aaral na ito na mabigyan ng boses ang inyong
mga karanasan tungkol po dito.
Boluntaryong Pakikilahok
Isang mahalagang paalala po na ang inyong paglahok sa pag-aaral na ito ay
boluntaryo lamang. Kayo po ang may desisyon kung kayo po ay sasali o hindi sa pag-
aaral na ito. Kung pinili niyo mang sumali, maari niyo pong hindi ipagpatuloy ang pag-
aaral. Ang pag-alis sa pag-aaral na ito ay hindi po makaaapekto sa anumang ebalwasyon
na may kinalaman po sa inyong trabaho. Anumang impormasyon na inyong maaring
ibahagi sa pag-aaral na ito ay hindi makalalabas at pananatilihing lihim. Hindi ito
makakalabas at mananatili sa pagitan ng nakapanayam, tagasaliksik, at guro ng
mananaliksik.
Pagsasagawa ng Pagsusuri
Muli, kayo po ay aming iniimbitahan na maging bahagi ng pag-aaral na ito. Kung
kayo man po ay pumayag, kayo ay makikilahok po sa isang panayam na aking isasagawa.
Ang panayam na ito ay isasagawa po sa isang lugar na kung saan kumportable ang
kapanayam: Ito man po ay sa inyong tahanan, sa lugar ng inyong pinagtatrabahuan, at iba
pa. Kung mayroon man pong katanungan na hindi niyo nais sagutin, ating aalisin po iyon
at magpapatuloy sa ibang katanungan. Wala pong iba kundi ang tagapanayam ang
nandoon upang makapanayam po kayo, ngunit kung nais niyo po ng kasama ay
papayagan din po ito. Ang impormasyon na makukuha mula sa panayam na ito po ay
mananatiling lihim at hindi po makalalabas sa pag-aaral na ito. Ang maaring makaalam
lang po ng mga ito ay si Gabrielle B. Allabo, ang tagapanayam/tagasaliksik. Ang
impormasyong ito ay buburahin po makalipas ang tatlo hanggang apat na linggo mula sa
ating panayam. Ang mga datos at paghingi ng pahintulot ninyo po ay sisirain po
pagkatapos ng pag-aaral na ito.
Tagal ng Pagsasaliksik
Ang pag-aaral po na ito ay magtatagal ng tatlong linggo. Sa loob po ng panahong
ito, ako po ay dadalaw depende sa araw na inyong pahihintulutang makapanayam.
Tatagal po ang panayam na ito ng tatlumpung minuto (30 mins.) o hanggang isa at
kalahating minuto (1 hr. and 30 mins.).
Mga Panganib
Ang panganib po na maaring makuha mula rito ay maari niyo pong maibahagi ng
aksidente ang ilang impormasyon na hindi niyo nais maibahagi. Isa rin pong panganib na
maaring hindi kayo maging kumportablem sa ilang paksa na mapag-uusapan natin. Hindi
po nais ng tagasaliksik na ito po ay mangyari. Muling ipinapaalala na maari niyo pong
sabihin kung hindi kayo kumportableng sagutin ang ilang katanungan, kung may gusto
po kayong alisin na impormasyon na sa tingin niyo po ay hindi niyo po dapat ibinahagi, o
kung may mga paksang masyadong personal at hindi na dapat po maisama sa ating
panayam. Lahat po ng ito ay isasaalang-alang ng tagapagsaliksik.
Mga Benepisyo
Isang benepisyo po ng pag-aaral na ito hindi lamang po para sa Impormal na
Sektor ng Pagbabasura kundi maging sa Pormal na Sektor ng Pagbabasura ay maaring
gamitin ng munisipalidad ang pag-aaral ppo na ito upang mas mapaunlad pa ang
pagpapatupad ng Solid Waste Management Policy na kung saan lahat po ng aktor na
siyang tumutulong sa pagsasakatuparan nito ay mabibigyan ng nararapat na benepisyo.
Reimbursements
Kayo po ay mabibigyan ng maliit na insentibo sa pamamagitan ng pagbabayad sa
pagkain at pamasaheng maaring makonsumo. Kayo din po ay bibigyan ng kopya ng
resulta ng pag-aaral na ito at isang sulat ng pasasalamat.
Pagiging Kumpidensyal
Ang paglahok po sa pag-aaral na ito ay maaring makakuha ng atensyon na hindi
niyo po inaasahan mula sa ibang miyembro ng komunidad. Aming ipinapaalala na
anumang impormasyon po na inyong ibahagi sa ating panayam ay hindi makalalabas
hangga’t bibigyan niyo po ako ng pahintulot na ilabas ang ilang impormasyon na ito.
Tanging ang tagapagsaliksik lamang po ang makaaalam kung saan itinatago ang mga
impormasyon na ito. Hindi ito ibabahagi kahit kaninuman liban po kay Prof. Doroteo
Abaya na siyang aking guro sa pananaliksik sa University of the Philippines – Manila.
Pagbabahagi ng Resulta
Wala po sa mga impormasyon na ibinagi niyo po sa akin ngayon ang
makalalabas hangga’t binigyan niyo po ng pahintulot na ilabas ito. Anumang kaalaman
na siyang makukuha po mula sa pagsusuring ito ay ibabahagi sa inyo po at sa iba pang
miyembro ng komunidad bago po ito isapubliko. Bawat taong makikilahok po ay
makatatanggap ng kopya ng buod ng resulta. Magkakaroon din po ng mga pagpupulong
sa komunidad na kung saan po maibibahagi ko po ang buod ng resulta. Pagkatapos ng
pagpupulong po na ito ay aming isasapubliko ang mga resulta nang sa gayon ay maari pa
pong magamit ng mga sumusunod na tagasaliksik.
Karapatang hindi pumayag o umalis sap ag-aaral
Maari po kayong hindi makilahok kung ito po ang nais niyo at hindi po
maapektuhan ang anumang ebalwasyon na may kinalaman sa inyo pong trabaho kung ito
po ang iyong pinili. Maari niyo pong hindi ipagpatuloy ang panayam sa kahit anong oras
kung sa tingin niyo po ay hindi po kayo kumportable. Bibigyan po naming kayo ng
oportunidad pagkatapos ng panayam para suriin ang inyo pong mga sinabi. Maari po
ninyong palitan o alisin ang ilang bahagi kung hindi na po kayo sumasangayon sa aking
tinalang impormasyon o kapag hindi ko po naintindihan ang inyo pong sinabi noong
panayam.
Mga Taong Dapat Tawagan
Kung kayo po ay may mga katanungan, maari niyo po itong tanungin ngayon o
kahit mamaya po. Kung kayo po ay may nais pang itanong tungkol sa pag-aaral, maari
niyo pong tawagan si:
Gabrielle B. Allabo: 09053796305
Pangalawang bahagi: Sertipiko ng Pahintulot
Akin pong nabasa o binasa sa akin ang impormasyon dito sa Kasulatan ng Pahintulot. Nagkaroon
po ako ng oportunidad na magtanong tungkol dito at ang aking mga katananungan ay nasagot po
ng tagapagsaliksik. Boluntaryo po akong nakilahok sa pag-aaral na ito.
Ngalan ng Kalahok: ___________________________________________
Lagda ng Kalahok: ____________________________________________
Petsa: _____________________________________
Araw/Buwan/Taon
Kung ang kalahok ay hindi marunong magbasa1
Akin pong nasaksihan ang pagbasa ng potensyal na kalahok at tamang pagpapaliwanag ng
Kasulatan ng Pahintulot sa kanya. Nakita ko pong nabigyan ng pagkakataon na magtanong ang
potensyal na kalahok. Aking pinapatunayan po na ang indibidwal ay nagbigay ng kanyang
pahintulot para makilahok sa pag-aaral na ito.
Ngalan ng Saksi: ____________________________ Tatak ng Daliri ng Kalahok
Lagda ng Saksi: _____________________________
Petsa: _____________________________________
Araw/Buwan/Taon
Pahayag ng Taong Nagsasagawa ng Pagkuha ng Pahintulot
Akin pong binasa ng tama ang kasulatan na ito sa potensyal na kalahok. Aking pinagtitibay po na
siya ay binigyan ko po ng pagkakataon na magtanong tungkol sa pagsusuri at lahat ng kanyang
tanong po ay aking nasagot sa abot ng aking makakaya. Aking pinagtibay po na ang kalahok ay
hindi pinilit na magbigay ng pahintulot at ang kayang pahintulot ay binigay ng malaya at
boluntaryo.
Ang kopya ng kasulatan ay binigay sa kalahok.
Ngalan ng tagapagsaliksik/taong kumuha ng pahintulot:
___________________________________
Lagda ng tagapagsaliksik/taong kumuha ng pahintulot:
____________________________________
Petsa: ______________________________________
Araw/Buwan/Taon
1 Isang nakababasang saksi ang dapat lumagda (kung maari, ang saksing ito ay dapat pinili ng kalahok at dapat ay walang kakilala o
koneksyon sa grupo ng mananaliksik). Ang mga kalahok na hindi marunong magbasa ay dapat maglaan ng tatak ng kanilang daliri.
Informed Consent Form for the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office of
Rodriguez
This informed consent form is for the officer/s of the Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office of Rodriguez, Rizal and who we are inviting to participate in this research
titled, “An Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management in Brgy.
San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal.”
Name of Principle Investigator: Gabrielle B. Allabo
Political Science Program, University of the Philippines Manila
Name of Project: An Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management
in Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal
Part I: Information Sheet
I am Gabrielle B. Allabo, currently studying in the University of the Philippines –
Manila. I am doing a research on the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into the Solid
Waste Management Policy – implementation in Sitio San Isidro, Barangay Lukutang Maliit,
Rodriguez, Rizal. I am going to give you information and invite you to become a participant of
this study. Please do note that you do not need to decide today whether you are willing to
participate or not in the research. If you do agree to participate, please do know that this is
voluntary and that you may withdraw from this study at any given point.
This consent form may contain words that you do not understand. Please ask me to stop
as we discuss the information and I will give time to explain these words. If you have questions,
you may raise them to me at any point.
Purpose of the Research
Waste has been a big problem faced by many Filipinos. The Philippines has been dealing with
this problem for many years and has been considered as one of the main culprits of various
environmental problems such as flash floods, stagnation of rivers, and the like. This study aims to
shed light on how Filipinos take accountability on the waste they produce by assessing the Solid
Waste Management Policy implementation in the level of the Local Government Unit.
Particularly, this study wants to focus the spotlight on the people that are not usually focused on
when talking about solid waste management: the Informal Waste Sector. These are the people
that directly work on landfills and on the streets to manage the very waste that many of us forget
the moment we dispose. To be more precise, this study has three main objectives: to assess the
factors that contribute to the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector the formal
arrangements of waste management, focusing primarily on MENRO – Rodriguez’ policy-
implementation in Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such.
Type of Research Intervention
University of the Philippines – Manila Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila
This research will involve your participation in a one-on-one interview that will take about 30
minutes to 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Participant Selection
You are being invited to participate in this research because the researcher feels that as a
member of the Formal Waste Sector, you have first-hand experience on the effects of such slow
integration in the Solid Waste Management Policy – implementation. The study aims that such
accounts would help shed light to the implications this slow integration has on the Informal
Waste Sector of this community.
Voluntary Participation
One important thing to keep in mind in this study is that participation is entirely
voluntary. It is under your decision whether or not you will join this study. If you do agree to
participate, please do know that you are free to change your mind and leave the study at any
given point. The choice you will make will have no bearing on any work-related evaluations or
reports. Information in this study will be kept strictly confidential unless the participants
explicitly share that they are willing to disclose certain information from the interview.
Procedure
I am asking you to help us learn more about the origins and implementation of the Solid
Waste Management of Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal, the level of awareness of the
people, the factors that contribute to the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into the
formal program of the local government unit and the implications of such, and the reactions you
have regarding the Solid Waste Management Policy. We are inviting you to take part in this
research project. If you accept, you will be asked to participate in an interview with myself.
The interview shall be conducted in any place the participant is comfortable with: their
own home, their place of work, etc. If you do not wish to answer any of the questions during the
interview, you may say so and the interviewer will move on to the next question. No one but the
interviewer will be present unless you would like someone else to be there. The information
recorded is confidential, and no one else except Gabrielle B. Allabo will access to the information
documented during your interview. The entire interview will be tape-recorded, but no one will be
identified by name on the tape. The tape will be kept and transcribed into qualitative data. The
information recorded is confidential, and no one else except Gabrielle B. Allabo will have access
to the tapes. The tapes will be destroyed after three to four weeks.
Duration
The research takes place over three weeks in total. During this time, I will visit one at a
time for an interview. The interview shall last for a minimum of 30 minutes or a maximum of 1
hour and 30 minutes.
Risks
There is a risk that you may share some personal or confidential information by chance,
or that you may feel uncomfortable talking about some of the topics. However, we do not wish
for this to happen. You do not have to answer any question or take part in the
discussion/interview/survey if you feel the question(s) are too personal or if talking about them
makes you uncomfortable.
Benefits
A direct benefit for the Formal and Informal Waste Sector is that this study could be used
as a resource in improving the implementation of Rodriguez, Rizal’s Solid Waste Management
Policy. This could lead in fostering inclusion within the community where each member could be
compensated through various means.
Reimbursements
You will not be provided any incentive to take part in the research. However, you will be
given a copy of the results of this study.
Confidentiality
The research being done may draw attention and if you participate, you may be asked
questions by other people in the community. We will not be sharing information about you to
anyone outside of the researcher. The information that we collect from this research project will
be kept private. Any information about you will have a number on it instead of Gabrielle B.
Allabo. Only the researchers will know what your number is and we will lock that information up
with a lock and key. It will not be shared with or given to anyone except Prof. Doroteo Abaya,
my research adviser at the University of the Philippines Manila.
Sharing the Results
Nothing that you tell me today will be shared with anybody outside the research team,
and nothing will be attributed to you by name. The knowledge that we get from this research will
be shared with you and your community before it is made widely available to the public. Each
participant will receive a summary of the results. There will also be small meetings in the
community and these will be announced. Following the meetings, we will publish the results so
that other interested people may learn from the research.
Right to Refuse or Withdraw
You do not have to take part in this research if you do not wish to do so, and choosing to
participate will not affect your job or job-related evaluations in any way. You may stop
participating in the interview at any time that you wish without your job being affected. I will
give you an opportunity at the end of the interview to review your remarks, and you can ask to
modify or remove portions of those, if you do not agree with my notes or if I did not understand
you correctly.
Who to Contact
If you have any questions, you can ask them now or later. If you wish to ask questions
later, you may contact any of the following: 09053796305/ [email protected]
Part II: Certificate of Consent
I have read the foregoing information, or it has been read to me. I have had the opportunity to ask
questions about it and any questions I have been asked have been answered to my satisfaction. I
consent voluntarily to be a participant in this study.
Print Name of Participant: ____________________
Signature of Participant: ______________________
Date: ________________________
Day/Month/Year
If illiterate1
I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the potential participant, and the
individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm that the individual has given
consent freely.
Print name of witness _________________________ Thumb print of participant
Signature of Witness __________________________
Date: _____________________________
Day/Month/Year
Statement by the researcher/ person taking consent
I have accurately read out the information sheet to the potential participant, and to the best of my
ability made sure that the participant understands the following will be done:
1. One-on-one interview
2. Recording of the entire interview
3. Use of the information gathered from the interview as raw data for the research
4. Follow the guidelines and conditions stated in this informed consent form
I confirm that the participant was given opportunity to ask questions about the study, and all the
questions asked by the participant have been answered correctly and to the best of my ability. I
confirm that the individual has not been coerced into giving consent, and the consent has been
given freely and voluntarily
A copy of this ICF has been provided to the participant.
Printed Name of Researcher/person taking the consent
___________________________________
Signature of Researcher/person taking the consent ____________________________________
Date: _____________________________
Day/Month/Year
1 A literate witness must sign (if possible, this person should be selected by the participant and should have no connection to the research
team). Participants who are illiterate should include their thumb print as well.