senate of the phil vs ermita

8/10/2019 Senate of the Phil vs Ermita

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PHILIPPINE JURISPRUDENCE FULL TEXTThe Lawphil Project - Arellao Law Fo!"atio#$R$ No$ %&'((( April )*+ ),,&SENATE F THE PHILIPPINES+ ET AL$ .S$ EDUARD R$ ER/ITA ETC$

Rep!0lic o1 the Philippie2SUPRE/E CURT/aila

EN 3ANC

#$R$ No$ %&'(((4 April ),+ ),,&

SENATE F THE PHILIPPINES+ repre2ete" 05 FRAN6LIN /$ DRILN+ i hi2 capacit5 a2Seate Pre2i"et+ JUAN /$ FLA.IER+ i hi2 capacit5 a2 Seate Pre2i"et Pro Te7pore+FRANCIS N$ PAN#ILINAN+ i hi2 capacit5 a2 /ajorit5 Lea"er+ A8UILIN 8$ PI/ENTEL+ JR$+ ihi2 capacit5 a2 /iorit5 Lea"er+ SENATRS RDLF #$ 3IA9N+ :C/PANERA: PIA S$CA;ETAN+ JIN##; EJERCIT ESTRADA+ LUISA :LI: EJERCIT ESTRADA+ JUANPNCE ENRILE+ RICHARD J$ #RDN+ PANFIL /$ LACSN+ ALFRED S$LI/+ /$ A$/ADRI#AL+ SER#I S/ENA III+ RALPH #$ RECT+ a" /AR RXAS+ Petitioer2+

al-Arro5o+ a" a5oe acti> i hi2 2tea" a" i 0ehal1 o1 the Pre2i"et o1 thePhilippie2+ Re2po"et2$

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#$R$ No$ %&'&*' April ),+ ),,&

3A;AN /UNA repre2ete" 05 DR$ RE;NALD LESACA+ JR$+ Rep$ SATUR CA/P+ Rep$CRISPIN 3ELTRAN+ Rep$ RAFAEL /ARIAN+ Rep$ LI9A /A9A+ Rep$ TEDR CASIN+Rep$ JEL .IRADR+ CURA#E repre2ete" 05 FERDINAND #AITE+ a" CUNSELS FRTHE DEFENSE F LI3ERTIES ?CDAL@ repre2ete" 05 ATT;$ RE/EDIS 3AL3IN+

Petitioer2+al-Arro5o+ Re2po"et$

=-------------------------=

#$R$ No$ %&'&&, April ),+ ),,&

FRANCISC I$ CHA.E9+ Petitioer+


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#$R$ No$ %&'B April ),+ ),,&

PDP- LA3AN+ Petitioer+ the rea2o 1or e=ec!tii2trate+ a "i2ti>!i2he" "ele>ate to the U$S$Co2tit!tioal Co2 o1 oe 7a+ i a 7!ch 7ore e7iet "e>ree tha the procee"i>2o1 a5 >reater !70er a" i proportio a2 the !70er i2 icrea2e"+ the2e !alitie2 will 0e"i7ii2he"$:%

Hi2tor5 ha2 0ee wite22+ howe!ar" it Gealo!2l5$

The pre2et co2oli"ate" petitio2 1or certiorari a" prohi0itio pro11er that the Pre2i"et ha2a0!2e" 2!ch power 05 i22!i> E=ec!ti !co2tit!tioal$

I re2ol the cotroe" or"er i2 1o!" to 0e i"ee" i2latih it2 i2latio which call 1or+ iter alia+ theatte"ace o1 o11icial2 a" e7plo5ee2 o1 the e=ec!ti


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Project@$ The p!0lic heari> wa2 2pare" 05 a prie 2peech o1 Seator J!a Poce Erile!r>i> the Seate to iate the alle>e" o a" other !law1!l proa Dep!t5 Chie1 o1 Sta11 1or Itelli>ece o1 the AFP Rear A"7iral Tir2o R$ Da>aChie1 o1 the Itelli>ece Ser$ #e$ /arl! 8$ 8!ei2latio+ a" i the Natioal Itere2t+ o the Role o1 the /ilitar5 i the So-

calle" :#loria>ate Sca"al: a" ?*@ Seate Re2ol!tio No$ )'* 1ile" 05 Seator 3iaGo Re2ol!tio Directi> the Co77ittee o Natioal De1e2e a" Sec!rit5 to Co"!ct a I!ir5+ i

Ai" o1 Le>i2latio+ o the ire-Tappi> o1 the Pre2i"et o1 the Philippie2$

Al2o i 2che"!le" o Septe70er )B ),,* wa2 the AFP Chie1 o1Sta11+ #eeral #eero2o S$ Se>a who+ 05 letter "ate" Septe70er )(+ ),,*+ re!e2te" 1or it2po2tpoe7et :"!e to a pre22i> operatioal 2it!atio that "e7a"2 hi2 !t7o2t per2oalattetio: while :2o7e o1 the i to other !r>etoperatioal 7atter2$:

Septe70er )B+ ),,*+ Seate Pre2i"et Frali /$ Drilo recei the NorthRail projectK to which o theNorthRail project 0e po2tpoe" or cacelle" !til a cop5 o1 the report o1 the UP Law Ceter othe cotract a>ree7et2 relati 02erht2o1 P!0lic 11icial2 Appeari> i Le>i2latire22$ I accor"ace withArticle .I+ Sectio )) o1 the Co2tit!tio a" to i7ple7et the Co2tit!tioal proo


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appeari> 0e1ore either Ho!2e o1 Co>re22$

he the 2ec!rit5 o1 the State or the p!0lic itere2t 2o re!ire2 a" the Pre2i"et 2o 2tate2 iwriti>+ the appearace 2hall ol5 0e co"!cte" i e=ec!ti

A!thorit5+ #$R$ No$ %)*,+ ' J!l5 ),,)@

/ilitar5+ "iplo7atic a" other atioal 2ec!rit5 7atter2 which i the itere2t o1 atioal 2ec!rit52ho!l" ot 0e "ie" ?Al7ote oecie2 prior to the cocl!2io o1 treatie2 a" e=ec!tiree7et2 ?Cha atioal 2ec!rit5 a" p!0lic or"er ?Cha


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appeari> i i!irie2 i ai" o1 le>i2latio$ ?E7pha2i2 a" !"er2cori> 2!pplie"@

Al2o o Septe70er )B+ ),,*+ Seate Pre2i"et Drilo recei hi7 :that o11icial2 o1 the E=ec!ti the NorthRail projectK will ot 0e a0le to atte" the2a7e witho!t the co2et o1 the Pre2i"et+ p!r2!at to E$$ &K: a" that :2ai" o11icial2 ha+ #e$ Se>a 2et a letter' to Seator3iaGo+ Chairper2o o1 the Co77ittee o Natioal De1e2e a" Sec!rit5+ i1or7i> hi7 :that peri2tr!ctio o1 Pre2i"et Arro5oK+ thr! the Secretar5 o1 Natioal De1e2e+ o o11icer o1 the AFPK i2a!thoriGe" to appear 0e1ore a5 Seate or Co>re22ioal heari>2 witho!t 2eei> a writteappro o1 the Seate Co77ittee o Natioal De1e2e a"Sec!rit5 2che"!le" oK )B Septe70er ),,*$:

De2pite the co77!icatio2 receia+ theiatio 2che"!le" 05 the Co77ittee o Natioal De1e2e a" Sec!rit5 p!2he" thro!>h+with ol5 Col$ 3al!ta a" 3ri>$ #e$ #!"ai a7o> all the AFP o11icial2 i$

For "e15i> Pre2i"et Arro5o2 or"er 0arri> 7ilitar5 per2oel 1ro7 te2ti15i> 0e1ore le>i2lati 2che"!le" o Septe70er )'+ ),,*+ E=ec!ti E$$ &+ 2et letter o1 re>ret2+ i re2po2e to the i>oht Railwa5 Tra2it A!thorit5 A"7ii2trator /el!ia"e2 Ro0le2+ /etro RailTra2it A!thorit5 A"7ii2trator Ro0erto La2ti7o2o+ Depart7et o1 J!2tice ?DJ@ Chie1 StateCo!2el Ricar"o .$ PereG+ the Pre2i"etial Le>al Co!2el /erce"ita2 #!tierreG+ Depart7et o1Tra2portatio a" Co77!icatio ?DTC@ U"er2ecretar5 #!ili> /a7o"i>+ DTCSecretar5 Lea"ro /e"oGa+ Philippie Natioal Railwa52 #eeral /aa>er Jo2e Sera2e II+/oetar5 3oar" /e70er J!aita A7ato>+ 3a2e2 Co E$$ &$%%

cto0er + ),,*+ three petitio2+ "ocete" a2 #$R$ No2$ %&'&*'+ %&'&&,+ a" %&'&&(+ 1orcertiorari a" prohi0itio+ were 1ile" 0e1ore thi2 Co!rt challe>i> the co2tit!tioalit5 o1 E$$ &$

I #$R$ No$ %&'&*'+ petitioer2 part5-li2t 3a5a /!a+ Ho!2e o1 Repre2etatiro!p o1 law5er2 "e"icate" to the pro7otio o1 j!2tice+ "e7ocrac5 a" peace+ all clai7i> to ha to i7po2e 2actio2 o o11icial2 who appear0e1ore Co>re22 "!e to co>re22ioal 2!77o2$ A""itioall5+ petitioer2 clai7 that E$$ &

i1ri>e2 o their ri>ht2 a" i7pe"e2 the7 1ro7 1!l1illi> their re2pectiatio2$ Th!2+ 3a5a/!a alle>e2 that E$$ & i1ri>e2 o it2 ri>ht a2 a political part5 etitle" to participate i>oe that E$$ & i1ri>e2 o their ri>ht2 a" "!tie2 a27e70er2 o1 Co>re22 to co"!ct iatio i ai" o1 le>i2latio a" co"!ct oht1!ctio2 i the i7ple7etatio o1 law2 Co!ra>e alle>e2 that the te!re o1 it2 7e70er2 i p!0lico11ice i2 pre"icate" o+ a" threatee" 05+ their 2!07i22io to the re!ire7et2 o1 E$$ &2ho!l" the5 0e 2!77oe" 05 Co>re22 a" CDAL alle>e2 that it2 7e70er2 hao


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I #$R$ No$ %&'&&,+ petitioer Fraci2co I$ Cha that hi2 co2tit!tioal ri>ht2 a2 acitiGe+ ta=pa5er a" law practitioer+ are a11ecte" 05 the e1orce7et o1 E$$ &+ pra52 i hi2petitio that E$$ & 0e "eclare" !ll a" aiGatio o1 citiGe2 o1 the Philippie2 a" a part o1 the >eeral p!0lic+ it ha2 le>al 2ta"i> toi2tit!te the petitio to e1orce it2 co2tit!tioal ri>ht to i1or7atio o 7atter2 o1 p!0lic cocer+a ri>ht which wa2 "eie" to the p!0lic 05 E$$ &+% pra52+ that 2ai" or"er 0e "eclare" !ll a"i> that it i2 a11ecte" 05 the challe>e" E$$ &0eca!2e it ha7per2 it2 le>i2latie"a to 0e i7ple7ete" thro!>h it2 7e70er2 i Co>re22+partic!larl5 i the co"!ct o1 i!irie2 i ai" o1 le>i2latio a" tra2ce"etal i22!e2 ee" to 0ere2oli2latio2che"!le" o Fe0r!ar5 %,+ ),,*$ #e$ Se>a replie"+ howee" 7i27aa>e7et a" !2e o1 the 1ertiliGer 1!" !"erthe #iit!a> /a2a>aa> Ai pro>ra7 o1 the Depart7et o1 A>ric!lt!re ?DA@+ 2ee7et%B haiet heari>2 2et 05 the Seate o Fe0r!ar5 B a" %+ ),,&+ Pre22 Secretar5 a"

Pre2i"etial Spoe2per2o I>acio R$ 3!5e+%' DJ Secretar5 Ra!l /$ #oGaleG), a"Depart7et o1 Iterior a" Local #oet heari>+ howeaiGatio o1 all Philippie law5er2+ all i their co2tit!tioalri>ht to 0e i1or7e" o 7atter2 o1 p!0lic itere2t+ 1ile" their petitio 1or certiorari a" prohi0itio+


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"ocete" a2 #$R$ No$ %(%)&+ a" pra5 that E$$ & 0e "eclare" !ll a" re2po"et21ro7 i7ple7eti>+ e1orci>+ a" o02er E$$ &$

I the oral ar>!7et2 o the petitio2 co"!cte" o Fe0r!ar5 )%+ ),,&+ the 1ollowi> 2!02tati E$$ & prior to it2 p!0licatio i the 11icial #aGette or i a ew2paper o1 >eeralcirc!latio a" ?)@ whether E$$ & pro partic!lar attetio to the 1ollowi> propo2itio2 ?%@ that E$$ & i2+ o it21ace+ !co2tit!tioal a" ?)@ a22!7i> that it i2 ot+ it i2 !co2tit!tioal a2 applie" i 1o!ri2tace2+ a7el5 ?a@ the 2o calle" FertiliGer 2ca7 ?0@ the NorthRail iatio ?c@ theiretappi> actirate"+ 2!02e!etl5 1ile" a 7ai1e2tatio)B "ate" /arch %+ ),,& that itwo!l" o lo>er 1ile it2 7e7ora"!7 i the itere2t o1 ha the i22!e2 re2ol the7$)'

Petitioer2 2!07it that E$$ & co2tit!tioal prore22

)$ hether E$$ & ht o1 the people to i1or7atio o 7atter2 o1 p!0lic cocera"


8/30

$ hether re2po"et2 ha to challe>e the a" e=i2tece o1 a act!al ca2e or cotro

Re2po"et2+ thro!>h the Solicitor #eeral+ a22ert that the alle>atio2 i #$R$ No2$ %&'&*'+%&'&&, a" %&'&&( 7ae it clear that the5+ a" to the o-appearace o1 2ei2latio or i the e=erci2e o1 it2 oht 1!ctio2$ The5 7aitai thatRepre2etatiro!p2 a" i"i a2 a" petitioer Chapower$%

ith re>ar" to the petitio 1ile" 05 the Seate+ re2po"et2 ar>!e that i the a02ece o1 aper2oal or "irect ij!r5 05 rea2o o1 the i22!ace o1 E$$ &+ the Seate a" it2 i"iht e22etial ot ol5 1or itelli>et p!0lic"eci2io-7ai> i a "e7ocratic 252te7+ 0!t 7ore e2peciall5 1or 2o!" le>i2latio* i2 ot"i2p!te"$ E$$ &+ howee"l5 2ti1le2 the a0ilit5 o1 the 7e70er2 o1 Co>re22 to acce22i1or7atio that i2 cr!cial to law-7ai>$& .eril5+ the Seate+ icl!"i> it2 i"i


9/30

ha2 a 2!02tatial a" "irect itere2t o to 7aitai iatie2 o their co2tit!tioal ri>ht2 a" "!tie2 a2 7e70er2o1 Co>re22 to co"!ct iatio i ai" o1 le>i2latio a" co"!ct oht 1!ctio2 i thei7ple7etatio o1 law2$

The atioal political part5+ 3a5a /!a+ liewi2e 7eet2 the 2ta"i> re!ire7et a2 it o0taie"three 2eat2 i the Ho!2e o1 Repre2etatii2lati citiGe2 0elo>i> to 7ar>ialiGe" a" !"errepre2ete" 2ector2+or>aiGatio2 a" partie2 who lac well-"e1ie" political co2tit!ecie2 to cotri0!te to the

1or7!latio a" eact7et o1 le>i2latio that will 0ee1it the atio$B

A2 3a5a /!a a" Repre2etati o1 their co-petitioer2 Co!ra>e a" Co"al i2 re"ere" !ece22ar5$'

I 1ili> their re2pectial 2ta"i> i o pre2et a2 o p!0lic 1!"2 or a22et2 are i


10/30

Petitioer2 a22ert that a act!al ca2e e=i2t2+ the5 citi> the a02ece o1 the e=ec!ti cotrore22+ a" that2!ch apprehe2io i2 ot 2!11iciet 1or challe>i> the the e=i2tece o1 aact!al ca2e or cotro o1 co2et or a e=pre22 prohi0itio i22!i> 1ro7 the Pre2i"et i or"er

to 0ar o11icial2 1ro7 appeari> 0e1ore Co>re22$

A2 the i7ple7etatio o1 the challe>e" or"er ha2 alrea"5 re2!lte" i the a02ece o1 o11icial2ieeral

power o1 Co>re22 to o0tai i1or7atio+ otherwi2e ow a2 the power o1 i!ir5+ i2 i or"er$

The power o1 i!ir5

The Co>re22 power o1 i!ir5 i2 e=pre22l5 reco>iGe" i Sectio )% o1 Article .I o1 theCo2tit!tio which rea"2

SECTIN )%$ The Seate or the Ho!2e o1 Repre2etatiht2 o1 per2o2 appeari> i or a11ecte" 05 2!ch i!irie2 2hall 0e re2pecte"$?U"er2cori> 2!pplie"@

Thi2 pro


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re1!2al to a2wer the !e2tio2 o1 the 2eator2 o a i7portat poit+ he wa2+ 05 re2ol!tio o1 theSeate+ "etaie" 1or cote7pt$ Uphol"i> the Seate2 power to p!i2h Ara!lt 1or cote7pt+ thi2Co!rt hel"

Altho!>h there i2 o prore22with power to 7ae iatio2 a" e=act te2ti7o5 to the e" that it 7a5 e=erci2e it2le>i2latii2latii2latewi2el5 or e11ecti the co"itio2 which the le>i2latioi2 ite"e" to a11ect or cha>e a" where the le>i2lati


12/30

Ho!2e2 "!l5 p!0li2he" r!le2 o1 proce"!re+ ece22aril5 i7pl5i> the co2tit!tioal i1ir7it5 o1 ai!ir5 co"!cte" witho!t "!l5 p!0li2he" r!le2 o1 proce"!re$ Sectio )% al2o 7a"ate2 that theri>ht2 o1 per2o2 appeari> i or a11ecte" 05 2!ch i!irie2 0e re2pecte"+ a i7po2itio thato0li>ate2 Co>re22 to a"here to the >!aratee2 i the 3ill o1 Ri>ht2$

The2e a0!2e2 are+ o1 co!r2e+ re7e"ia0le 0e1ore the co!rt2+ !po the proper 2!it 1ile" 05 theper2o2 a11ecte"+ e to the e=ec!ti to o0tai at pre2et+ wherei a clear patter o1 a0!2eo1 the le>i2latiht 0e e2ta0li2he"+ re2!lti> i palpa0le ht2 >!aratee" to 7e70er2 o1 the e=ec!tiht2$ I 2!chi2tace2+ "epe"i> o the partic!lar2 o1 each ca2e+ atte7pt2 05 the E=ec!tii2latio+ there are 2till reco>iGe" e=e7ptio2 to the powero1 i!ir5+ which e=e7ptio2 1all !"er the r!0ric o1 :e=ec!ti!re2pro7ietl5 i the challe>e" or"er+ it 0ei> 7etioe" i it2 proht o1 thePre2i"et a" hi>h-le "e>ree2 o1 2!cce22+ i the cote=t o1 either

j!"icial or le>i2latito+ o the >ro!" that the i1or7atio i2 o1 2!ch at!re thatit2 "i2clo2!re wo!l" 2!0eeric prie 1or iteral "eli0eratio2 ha2 0ee 2ai" to attach to itra>oii>2 o1 o!r atio+ e=ec!tiht reiatio2$ = = =:&' ?E7pha2i2 a" !"er2cori> 2!pplie"@


13/30

The etr5 i 3lac2 Law Dictioar5 o :e=ec!ti >o 1!ctio2+ that i2+ tho2e "oc!7et2 re1lecti> the 1ra e=pre22ioece22ar5 i itra->oiGe" a2 prie" "oe2 ot+ howe$(%

The lea"i> ca2e o e=ec!ti


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Al7ote iai2t citiGe2 "e7a"2 1or i1or7atio$

I Cha


15/30

)% which pro Pa70a2a a2 the#etle7a hi72el1 ha2 e=periece" i the iteri7 3ata2a> Pa70a2a oe o1 the 7o2tco7petet ip!t2 that we ca p!t i o!r co77ittee "eli0eratio2+ either i ai" o1 le>i2latio or ico>re22ioal iatio2+ i2 the te2ti7oie2 o1 Ca0iet 7ii2ter2$ e !2!all5 ire22ioal iatio+ we !2!all5 i22!e 2!0poea2$

I wat to 0e clari1ie" o a 2tate7et 7a"e 05 Co77i22ioer S!areG whe he 2ai" that the 1actthat the Ca0iet 7ii2ter2 7a5 re1!2e to co7e to the Ho!2e o1 Repre2etati to Co77i22ioer S!areG+ that i2 allowe" a" theirpre2ece ca 0e ha" !"er Sectio )%$ Doe2 the >etle7a co1ir7 thi2+ /a"a7 Pre2i"et

/R$ DA.IDE$ e co1ir7 that+ /a"a7 Pre2i"et+ 0eca!2e Sectio ), re1er2 ol5 to what wa2ori>iall5 the 8!e2tio Ho!r+ wherea2+ Sectio )% wo!l" re1er 2peci1icall5 to i!irie2 i ai" o1le>i2latio+ !"er which a50o"5 1or that 7atter+ 7a5 0e 2!77oe" a" i1 he re1!2e2+ he ca 0ehel" i cote7pt o1 the Ho!2e$B ?E7pha2i2 a" !"er2cori> 2!pplie"@

A "i2tictio wa2 th!2 7a"e 0etwee i!irie2 i ai" o1 le>i2latio a" the !e2tio ho!r$ hileatte"ace wa2 7eat to 0e "i2cretioar5 i the !e2tio ho!r+ it wa2 co7p!l2or5 i i!irie2 iai" o1 le>i2latio$ The re1erece to Co77i22ioer S!areG 0ear2 oti>+ he 0ei> oe o1 thepropoet2 o1 the a7e"7et to 7ae the appearace o1 "epart7et hea"2 "i2cretioar5 i the!e2tio ho!r$

So clearl5 wa2 thi2 "i2tictio coi2latio$ Thi2 >a e=cha>e "!ri> the"eli0eratio2

/R$ #UIN#NA$ 2peai> i hi2 capacit5 a2 Chair7a o1 the Co77ittee o St5leK e ow >o+/r$ Pre2i"i> 11icer+ to the Article o Le>i2latii to repl5+ /r$ Pre2i"i> 11icer$

/R$ /AA/3N#$ Act!all5+ we co2i"ere" that prei2latire22 iter72 o1 it2 ow law7ai> wherea2+ a 8!e2tio Ho!r i2 ot act!all5 a power i ter72 o1 it2 owlaw7ai> power 0eca!2e i Le>i2lati


16/30

/R$ DA.IDE$ The 8!e2tio Ho!r i2 clo2el5 relate" with the le>i2lati the !e2tio ho!r$Co77i22ioer Dare22$

The 1ore>oi> opiio wa2 ot the two Co77i22ioer2 aloe$ Fro7 the a0o$ It i2 a perio" o1 co1rotatio iitiate" 05 Parlia7et to hol" the Pri7e /ii2ter a" theother 7ii2ter2 acco!ta0le 1or their act2 a" the operatio o1 the >oht o1 thea02ece o1 a 7a"ator5 !e2tio perio"+ the ee" to e1orce Co>re22 ri>ht to e=ec!tii2latiht to o0tai i1or7atio 1ro7 a5 2o!rce eecie2 i the e=ec!ti


17/30


18/30

that i22!ace2 7!2t 0e iterprete"+ a2 7!ch a2 po22i0le+ i a wa5 that will re"er it co2tit!tioal$

The re!ire7et the to 2ec!re pre2i"etial co2et !"er Sectio %+ li7ite" a2 it i2 ol5 toappearace2 i the !e2tio ho!r+ i2 eeri2+ the "eter7iatio 05 the Pre2i"et !"er thi2 pro o1 coe !"er e=ec!ti thi2 re!ire7et o1 prior co2et i2 the "eter7iatio 05 a hea" o1 o11ice+a!thoriGe" 05 the Pre2i"et !"er E$$ &+ or 05 the Pre2i"et her2el1+ that 2!ch o11icial i2 i

po22e22io o1 i1or7atio that i2 co !p i the le>i2lati


19/30

The letter "ate" Septe70er )B+ ),,* o1 re2po"et E=ec!tiar"i> theNorthrail Project o1 the North L!Go Railwa52 Corporatio o )' Septe70er ),,* at %,,, a$7$+plea2e 0e i1or7e" that o11icial2 o1 the E=ec!tii2latio U"er The Co2tit!tio+ A" For therP!rpo2e2:$ Sai" o11icial2 ha 2!pplie"@

The letter "oe2 ot e=plicitl5 iiGe" >ro!"2 o1 the prie to

j!2ti15 their a02ece$ Nor "oe2 it e=pre22l5 2tate that i iate co!rt2+ or e=ec!tire22+ are reco>iGe" a2 co1i"etial$ Thi2 i" o1 i1or7atio caot 0e prie" ope05 a co-e!al 0rach o1 >oe o1 e=plorator5 i"ea2 a" a22e227et2+

1ree 1ro7 the >lare o1 p!0licit5 a" pre22!re 05 itere2te" partie2+ i2 e22etial to protect thei"epe"ece o1 "eci2io-7ai> o1 tho2e ta2e" to e=erci2e Pre2i"etial+ Le>i2lati


20/30


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/o0il il Corp$ 5'' 2i7ilarl5 e7pha2iGe2 that :a a>ec5 7!2t proatio a" "e2criptio o1the "oc!7et2 withi it2 2cope a2 well a2 preci2e a" certai rea2o2 1or pre2er theirco1i"etialit5$ itho!t thi2 2peci1icit5+ it i2 i7po22i0le 1or a co!rt to aal5Ge the clai7 2hort o1"i2clo2!re o1 the 2o!>ht to 0e protecte"$ A2 the a11i"a 2!pplie"@

D!e re2pect 1or a co-e!al 0rach o1 >oro!"2 there1or$ Apropo2 i2 the 1ollowi> r!li> i /cPha!l


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I 1ie+ Sectio a" Sectio )?0@ o1 E$$ & 7!2t 0e iol5 o the hea"2 o1 o11ice 7etioe" i Sectio )?0@+ o what i2 coe" or"er the alle>e"!law1!l "ele>atio o1 a!thorit5 to the hea"2 o1 o11ice2 i Sectio )?0@$ Petitioer Seate o1 thePhilippie2+ i partic!lar+ cite2 the ca2e o1 the Uite" State2 where+ 2o it clai72+ ol5 thePre2i"et ca a22ert e=ec!ti the appearace o1 2!cho11icial$ The2e proiGe" with re2pect to i1or7atio theco1i"etial at!re o1 which i2 cr!cial to the 1!l1ill7et o1 the !i!e role a" re2po2i0ilitie2 o1 thee=ec!tie o1 hi>hl5 i7portat e=ec!tiatio to "i2clo2e i1or7atio+ i thi2 ca2e to Co>re22+ the ece22it5 7!2t 0e o1 2!chhi>h "e>ree a2 to o!twei>h the p!0lic itere2t i e1orci> that o0li>atio i a partic!lar ca2e$

I li>ht o1 thi2 hi>hl5 e=ceptioal at!re o1 the prie+ the Co!rt 1i"2 it e22etial to li7it to thePre2i"et the power to ihe2t o11icial i thee=ec!tire22 o a 7atter which+ ihi2 ow j!">7et+ 7i>ht 0e coi2latio$: That 2!ch ri>ht2 7!2t i"ee" 0e re2pecte" 05Co>re22 i2 a echo 1ro7 Article .I Sectio )% o1 the Co2tit!tio 7a"ati> that :tKhe ri>ht2 o1per2o2 appeari> i or a11ecte" 05 2!ch i!irie2 2hall 0e re2pecte"$:

I li>ht o1 the a0o


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a!thoriGatio i2 partl5 7otire22 1or the appearace o1 e=ec!ti2 co"!cte" 05 it+ a" ot with the "e7a"2 o1 citiGe2 1or i1or7atiop!r2!at to their ri>ht to i1or7atio o 7atter2 o1 p!0lic cocer$ Petitioer2 are ot a7i22 iclai7i>+ howeht o1 Co>re22 to i1or7atio which!"erlie2 the power o1 i!ir5 a" the ri>ht o1 the people to i1or7atio o 7atter2 o1 p!0liccocer$ For oe+ the "e7a" o1 a citiGe 1or the pro"!ctio o1 "oc!7et2 p!r2!at to hi2 ri>ht toi1or7atio "oe2 ot haator5 1orce a2 a 2!0poea "!ce2 tec!7 i22!e" 05Co>re22$ Neither "oe2 the ri>ht to i1or7atio >rat a citiGe the power to e=act te2ti7o5 1ro7>o ol5 to Co>re22 a" ot to a i"ii2latio are >eerall5 co"!cte" i p!0lic+ howei2latio+ i2pre2!7e" to 0e a 7atter o1 p!0lic cocer$ The citiGe2 are there05 "eie" acce22 to i1or7atiowhich the5 ca !2e i 1or7!lati> their ow opiio2 o the 7atter 0e1ore Co>re22 opiio2which the5 ca the co77!icate to their repre2etatiht o1 the people to i1or7atio a2 a co2e!ece o1 E$$ & i2+there1ore+ i the 2e2e e=plaie" a0o eeeral+ Taa"a all law2 relate to the people i >eeral al0eit there are 2o7e that "o ot appl5 to the7"irectl5$ A e=a7ple i2 a law >rati> citiGe2hip to a partic!lar i"ih it !!e2tioa0l5 "oe2 ot appl5 "irectl5 to all the people$ The2!0ject o1 2!ch law i2 a 7atter o1 p!0lic itere2t which a5 7e70er o1 the 0o"5 politic 7a5!e2tio i the political 1or!72 or+ i1 he i2 a proper part5+ e 2!pplie"@


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Altho!>h the a0oe" or"er 7!2t 0e coi2latio$ I1 the e=ec!tii2latio i2 1r!2trate"$ That i2 i7per7i22i0le$ For

wKhat rep!0lica theor5 "i" acco7pli2hwa2 to re 2!pplie"@%,'

Re2ort to a5 7ea2 the 05 which o11icial2 o1 the e=ec!ti

Prie a" Re2pect 1or the Ri>ht2 o1 P!0lic 11icial2 Appeari> i Le>i2lati


25/30

RENAT C$ CRNAA22ociate J!2tice ADLF S$ A9CUNAA22cociate J!2ticeR/E J$ CALLEJ+ SR$

A22ociate J!2tice DANTE $ TIN#AA22cociate J!2tice/INITA .$ CHIC-NA9ARI

A22ociate J!2tice CANCI C$ #ARCIAA22cociate J!2tice

PRES3ITER J$ .ELASC+ JR$A22ociate J!2tice

C E R T I F I C A T I N

P!r2!at to Article .III+ Sectio % o1 the Co2tit!tio+ it i2 here05 certi1ie" that the cocl!2io2 ithe a0o


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/i"aaw+ Ic ?3ALAD /i"aaw@+ Chil"re2 Le>al 3!rea! ?CL3@+ Ic$+ EalA22i2tace Ceter ?ELAC@+ Free Reha0ilitatio+ Ecoo7ic+ E"!catio a" Le>al A22i2tace.ol!teer2 A22ociatio+ Ic$ ?FREELA.A@+ 6ai2aha T!>o 2a 6a!lara > 6aa5!a atRepor7a> Pa2aaha ?6AISAHAN@+ Le>al Ri>ht2 a" Nat!ral Re2o!rce2 Ceter-6a2a7a 2a6alia2aFrie"2 o1 the Earth-Philippie2+ Ic$ ?LRC-LS6FEI-Phil2$@+ Pa>lili>o" 3ata2Pa>apatira Fo!"atio ?P3PF@+ Participator5 Re2earch r>aiGatio o1 Co77!itie2 a"E"!catio Towar"2 Str!>>le 1or Sel1-Reliace ?PRCESS@ Fo!"atio-PANA;+ Ic$+ PilipiaLe>al Re2o!rce2 Ceter ?PLRC@+ Setro > Alterati0o> Li>ap Pali>al ?SALI#AN@+Ta>>apa> Pali>al > 6at!t!0o> Pilipio ?PANLIPI@+ Ta>>ol 6alia2a ?T6@+ o7e2 Le>al3!rea! ?L3@+ a" o7e2 Le>al E"!catio+ A"


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1or7!latio a" eact7et o1 appropriate le>i2latio that will 0ee1it the atio a2 a whole+ to0eco7e 7e70er2 o1 the Ho!2e o1 Repre2etati!aratee a 1!ll+ 1ree a" ope part5 252te7 i or"er to attai the 0roa"e2t po22i0lerepre2etatio o1 part5+ 2ectoral or >ro!p itere2t2 i the Ho!2e o1 Repre2etatitheir chace2 to co7pete 1or a" wi 2eat2 i the le>i2lat!re+ a" 2hall pro /c#rai hert5 )( US %*+ ( S$ Ct$ %'+ (% L$E"$ *B,+ *, A$L$R$ %?%')(@$

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B II Recor"+ Co2tit!tioal Co77i22io ',,-% ?cto0er %)+ %'B&@$

B* H$ /e"oGa A$ Li7+ The New Co2tit!tio %(( ?%'(@$

B& Co2tit!tio ?%'(@+ Art$ .III+ Sec$ %)?%@$

B( R$ /arti+ The New Co2tit!tio o1 the Philippie2 ' ?%'(@$

BB II Recor"+ Co2tit!tioal Co77i22io % ?J!l5 )+ %'B&@$

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