cold &cloudy 1

8/13/2019 Cold &Cloudy 1

1/20

Cold and cloudy

Generally the northern parts of India

experience this type of climate.

Mostly cold & cloudy regions are

situated at higher altitudes Shimla,

Shilong, Shrinagar, Mahabaleshwar..etc

landscape & vegetation :-High land regions with abundant

vegetation in summer.

Solar radiation :-

Low in winters with high percentage ofdefuse radiation.

Introduction


2/20

Cold and cloudy

Ambient temperature :-

Season Day Night

summer 20-30`C 17-27`C

Winter 14-8`C -3, -4`C

Relative humidity :-

7080 %

Precipitation :-

Annual total is about 1000mm,

throughout the year.

Winds :-

Cold winds in winter season.

Sky conditions :-

Overcast most of the year

except during brief summer.

Winters are cold and summers

are pleasant.

Prime concern:-

- Trapping & using suns heat.- internal heat should not be lost.

- minimized exposure to cold winds.


3/20

Cold and cloudy

Design objectives :-I. Resist heat loss by :

- decreasing the exposed surface area.

- increasing the thermal resistance.

- increasing the thermal capacity.

- increasing the buffer spaces.

- decreasing the air exchange rate.

II. Promote heat gain by :- avoiding excessive shading.

- utilizing the heat from appliances.

- trapping the heat from sun.


4/20

Cold and cloudy

Guidelines :-

Orientation :

South hill or mountain for better accessTo solar radiation as heat gain is

desirable.

Location :-

leeward side , act as a wind barrier.

Spaces and form :-

Clustered together to minimize access

of cold winds

Open such must be such that they allow

maximum south sun


5/20

Cold and cloudy

Paving :-Treated with hard and reflective

surface, so that they reflect solar

radiation onto the building.

Street width and orientation :-

Eastwest to allow heat gain from

south side.

Street width enough to ensure that the building

on both the side do not shadow each other.


6/20

Cold and cloudy

Plan form Orientation :-

Plan formcompact to reduce the

exposure to cold.Southern sideliving areas

Northern sideutility areas,this

side should be well insulated.Air lock lobbies, entrance & exit points,

reduce heat loss.

Windows should encourage direct sun light ,preferably from south.

The heat generated by appliances in room, such as kitchens

may be recycled to heat the other parts of the building.


7/20

Cold and cloudy

Building envelope: -

Roof : False ceiling ,Insulation such as,Polyurethane foam (puf),thermocol,wood wool, etc.

- A sufficient slope to the roof enables quick

drainage of rain water and snow.

Sky lights :To admit heat as well as light in winters- In summers shutters can be provided to avoid

heating in summer.

-A solar air collector can be incorporated onto the facing slope of the roof &

hot air from it can be used for space heating purpose


8/20

Cold and cloudy

Walls : Thicker walls

Low u- value to resist heat loss.South wallhigh thermal capacity

- The insulation should have sufficient vapour barrier such as coats of bitumen,

polyethylene sheet 300600gauge or aluminium foil.

- hollow & lightweight concrete blocks are also quite suitable.

- on the windward north side, a cavity wall type of construction may be adopted.

Fenestration :-Maximum windows in south side & should be sealed

and preferably double glazed.

-Double glazing avoid heat loss during winter nights.

Color :-The external surface of the walls should be dark in color to gain heat.


9/20

Cold and cloudy

Book study

Name of theproject - MLA H ostel,Shimla

Climate

Cold & cloudyPromotersTechnical Project Management Cell,State Council for Science, Technology

& Environment, Shimla.

year of completion1999

Client/owner

Govt of Himachal Pradesh

Costthe ini tial cost of Rs 10 723 /m2 increased toRs 11 178/ m2due to incorporate of passive solar measures,

thus there was a 4.2% increase in overall costs over the ini tial estimates.

Design teamSolar architectsSanjay Prakash & Siddhartha Wig

Local architectsB P Malhotra, Chief Architect, H imachal Pradesh

Public Works Department; Sur inder Kumar Senior Architect,H imachal Pradesh Public Works Department


10/20

Cold and cloudy

LocationIn close proximity to the Himachal Pradesh Vidhan Sabha building in

Shimla.No of blocks - 4

OrientationSouth +- 15 degrees

No major changes in block 1 & 2

More energy conscious approachtowards block 3 & 4

Categorization of concepts

Concepts for bringing up the specification from a low level to the normal level.

Concepts for improving the thermal performance of the buildings

Concepts to enhance the life style of the inhabitants.


11/20

Cold and cloudy

Energy saving featuresAttempt to lower the amount of conventional energy

Fundamental Concepts-Orientation & compact planning.

-Solar gain & heat storage.

-Insulation, mass & color

- Heat distribution & air movement.-Use of energyefficient & renewable energy devices.

Passive solar details

Design cater to the difficult winter months.

A passive heating strategy has been devised.

To increase the overall efficiency of the building.


12/20

Cold and cloudy


13/20

Cold and cloudy


14/20

Cold and cloudy

Suggested design features to improve the thermal efficiencyRevised layout - South + - 15 degrees ..for solar gain.

- buildings are spaced apart to eliminate shadows.

- south facing bed rooms.

Separate air lock after staircase landing.

- prevents heat loss & decreased the rate of infiltration.

- Not done due to lack of space at the entrance.Thickening of external wall.

- 4.5 to 9 brick wall or 12 stone wall

- for weather proofing .Over lapping curtains

-well sealed heavy curtains

-To act as thermal mass & to prevent heat loss.

Carpeted floors

-provide insulation & improve the general level of comfort.- preferably dark color.


15/20

Cold and cloudy

Small overhangsTo increase the amount of sun shine.

-Primary purpose was rain protection .

Wall insulationEither insulation or cavity wall & helps in roof insulation

- rook wool blanket / thermocol sheet used in walls behindpaneling.

Roof insulation-To preserve temperature inside building & prevented heat

loss from top floor.

Rook wool insulation above false ceiling.

Sunspace- A balcony can be made into a sunspace ,increased heating in winter.

Reduction of north glazing- Heat gain through north-facing windows is negligib

Increase in heat loss to the ambient.

Double glazing- To overcame the problem of condensation in badly executeddouble glazing..2 separate sets of shutters are provided,

vacuum- sealed windows are expensive alternatives.

plastic/ timber frames- Lower conductivity.

To reduce conductive heat loss to the outside.

Cold and cloudy


16/20

Cold and cloudy

Glazed atrium over staircase.- Staircase is on the north side.help to improve the

general level of lighting in the staircase well.

Remote heating of north bed room.- To tap heat on the South wall & transport it

the north bedroom trombe walls can be used

Better weather proofing- Reduce infiltration. Rubber stripping..helps sealing .

Food warmer in kitchen - Use solar heat to keep food warmprovided outside

the window of kitchen towards southern side.


17/20

Cold and cloudy

Renewable energy system

Solar water heatersmounted on the roof & use to trap the sun to heat water.- in the process of installation.

low wattage electrical radiating panels- to use the available heat during peak winter.

- form an integral part of the heating strategy in

the apartments that do not receive any sunlight.

Performance result- Inside temperature range between 10`C to 26` C

- Ambient temperature between 4.5`C to 7`C

- Food warmer temperature goes up to 32`C during this period

Users feed back- Food warmer is useful device,save conventional energy.- small office/visitors lobby is very much appreciated.- Outside view is restricted.- no space for drying clothes nor any common spaces

provided.


18/20

Cold and cloudy

Conclusion

Comfort requirements & physical manifestation

Activities Physical Manifestation

Heat loss

increase of exposed surface area Orientation & shapeUse of trees as a wind barriers.

roof insulation,wall insulation &Increase of thermal resistance

Increase of thermal capacity

Increase of buffer spaces

double glazing

Thicker walls.

Airlocks/lobbies

Increase air exchange rate Weather stripping.

Increase surface absorptivity Darker color


19/20

Cold and cloudy

Activities Physical Manifestation

Remote heat gainDevice shading and heat from walls and glass surfaces

appliances

Roofing heat Sunspaces/green houses/ trombe

walls etc


20/20

MLA Hostel Shimla {Cold and cloudy}

Submitted by :-

Isha Dhote

Diksha Tank

Vaijayanti Hanmante

cold &cloudy 1

Documents