coffee%intake%&%hydration%status% · 2018. 12. 6. · coffee%intake%&%hydration%status%...
TRANSCRIPT
Coffee%Intake%&%Hydration%Status%12/07/18%%Research%Review%
Ashley%Aegerter%
UWGB%Dietetic%Internship%18H19%
Outline%
1. Background%
2. Personal%Interest%
3. Why%should%we%care%about%this%subject?%
4. 3%Research%Studies%
5. Take%Home%Messages%
Background%
! Caffeine:%%a%white,%crystalline,%
bitter,%alkaloid,%usually%
derived%from%coffee%or%
tea,%used%in%medicine%as%
a%NS%stimulant%
Definition%of%CAFFEINE.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://www.merriamHwebster.com/dictionary/caffeine%
Caffeine%Formula.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%http://www.softschools.com/formulas/chemistry/caffeine_formula/465/%
Background%–%Typical%Caffeine%Content%
Coffee drinks Size in oz. Caffeine (mg)
Brewed 8 oz. 95-165 mg
Espresso 1 oz. 47-64 mg
Espresso, decaf 1 0
Instant 8 63
Brewed, decaf 8 2-5
Latte or mocha 8 63-126
Caffeine%content%for%coffee,%tea,%soda%and%more.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthyHlifestyle/nutritionHandHhealthyHeating/inHdepth/caffeine/artH20049372%
Background%
! Dehydration:%when%the%body%uses%or%loses%more%fluid%than%
taken%in,%and%doesn't%have%enough%water%and%other%fluids%to%
carry%out%its%normal%functions%
! Total%body%water%(TBW)%%
! Males: 2.447 - 0.09156(age(years)) + 0.1074(height(cm)) + 0.3362(weight(kg))
! Females: -2.097 + 0.1069(height(cm)) + 0.2466(weight(kg))
Total%Body%Water%(Watson%Formula)%|%Calculate%by%QxMD.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://qxmd.com/calculate/calculator_344/totalHbodyHwaterHwatsonHformula%
%Water%and%hydration:%Physiological%basis%in%Adults.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://www.h4hinitiative.com/book/print/68%
Distribution**of**TBW**among**compartments:%
Personal%Interest%
1. I%love%coffee!%%Is%it%dehydrating%me?%
2. Coffee%intake%among%%
MNT%&%LTC%patients%%
• Coffee%intake%
• Coffee%restrictions%
• The%impact%on%their%
health%Photo:%Coffee%Scientists%Find%an%Optimal%Number%of%Cups%for%a%Healthy%Heart.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://www.inverse.com/
article/46253HcoffeeHheartHhealthHcaffeine%
Why should we care?
Healthy%adul
t%
body%~60%
%
body%weight%
%
Perlman,%H.%(2018).%Water%properties:%The%water%in%you%(Water%Science%School).%Retrieved%from%https://water.usgs.gov/edu/propertyyou.html%
Why%we%should%care!%
! Document%fluid%intake%
! Assess%hydration%status%
! Impact%of%coffee%on:%
! %total%body%water%%
(TBW%)%
! hydration%status%
! We%as%RD’s%need%to%document%fluid%intake%and%hydration%status%
! what%to%include%
! Is%coffee%actually%adding%to%the%total?%%
! Impact%of%coffee%on:%
! %total%body%water%(TBW%)%
! hydration%status%
Ann,%M.%(2018).%How%Many%Milligrams%of%Caffeine%Are%in%a%Cup%of%Coffee?.%Retrieved%from%https://www.livestrong.com/article/
260763HhowHmanyHmilligramsHofHcaffeineHareHinHaHcupHofHcoffee/%
Do%I%have%to%drink%eight%glasses%of%water%every%day?.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://
coach.nine.com.au/2018/04/13/11/05/eightHglassesHofHwaterHaHdayHexpertHverdict%
No%Evidence%of%Dehydration%with%
Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%
2014%PLOS%ONE%
Sophie%C.%Killer%et%al.%
Study%1%
Study%1:%%
Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%%
PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
! Research%Purpose:%Directly%compare%
effects%of%coffee%vs.%water%intake%using%a%
range%of%validated%hydration%
assessments%
! Type%of%Study:%! Counterbalanced%CrossHOver%trial%
! Class%C%Study%1:%Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
Study%1:%%
Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%%
PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
! Participation:%! 50%Men%aged%18H50%years%
! Moderate%coffee%drinkers%(3H6)%
! NOT%on%specific%medications%
! Free%from%chronic%illness%
! Measurements:%%
! Daily*urinary*measures**! Hematological*hydration*markers*! Body*Mass*(BM)%&%Total*body*water*(TBW)%%
! Plasma%analyzed%for%caffeine%Study%1:%Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
Study%1:%%
Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%%
PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
! University%of%Birmingham%
! Two%visits%prior%to%testing%
! Education%on%diet%diary,%turn%in%diary,%baseline%body%weights%
! Two%trials%
! 4%days%each:%TuesdayHFriday%during%FebruaryHDecember%
! Separated%by%10%day%washHout%
! Two%treatment%groups:%
! Coffee%trial%(C)=%%%800mL/%day%%%%(4mg/%kg)%
! Water%%trial%(W)=%%%800mL/%day%
Study%1:%Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
Design:*
Study%1:%%
Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%%
PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
Design%Continued:%
Study%1:%Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
Study%1:%%Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
Statistical*Analysis:*
%%%%%%%
1. TBW%p=0.90%
2. Body%Mass%p=0.45%
3. Urine%void%volume%p=0.86%
4. *24*hour*urine*collection:*
%%%%%%%%
Study%1:%%
Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%%
PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
! Findings:%%! No%significant%differences:%BM,%TBW,%UV,%Blood%tests%
! 4mg/kg%is%not%dehydrating%
! Maintained%stable%fluid%balance%
! Coffee%contributed%to%daily%fluid%requirements%
! Overall%quality%rating:%+%%
Study%1:%Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
Study%1:%%
Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%%
PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
! Strengths:%%! Validated%measurements%&%tests%
! Diet%and%exercise%was%controlled%
! Coffee%trial%was%4mg/kg/day%
! Limitations%of%the%study:%
! FreeHliving%population%! Only%male%participants%
Study%1:%Dehydration%with%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake,%PLOS%ONE,%Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.,%2014%
%
Coffee%with%High%but%Not%Low%
Caffeine%Content%Augments%Fluid%and%
Electrolyte%Excretion%at%Rest,%2017%%Frontiers%in%Nutrition%%
Adam%D.%Seal%et.%Al.%
Study%2%
Study%2:%
Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%%
Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
! Research%Purpose:%%examine%effect%of%low%vs.%high%levels%of%caffeine,%via$coffee,%on%fluid%balance%in%habitual%coffee%drinkers%at%rest.%%! Three%treatment%groups:%
! 200%mL%of%W%
! 200%mL%LCAF%(3%mg/kg)%
! 200%mL%HCAF%(6%mg/%kg)%
! Type%of%Study:%! Counterbalanced%CrossHover%%! Class%C%
Study%2:%Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
Study%2:%
Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%%
Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
! Participation:%! 10%total%(8%men,%2%women)%%
! Aged%22H32%years%! Habitual%coffee%drinkers%(1H3%cups%per%day)%
! Measurements:%%
! Urine%samples%collected%60,120,%and%180%min%%%
! Urine%volume%(UV)%
! Urine%osmolality%(UOsm)%
! Na+,%K+%%Study%2:%Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
Study%2:%
Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%%
Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
Design:%
! 3%trails%each%1%day%long%H>%5%day%“break%period”%
! Over%night%fast%before%providing%a%urine%sample%(time=0%min)%
! They%consumed%a%standard%breakfast%&%assigned%treatment%
! After%treatment%participants%rested%in%laboratory%for%3%h%%
! Urine%was%collected%&%tested%%(time=60,%120,%&%180%min)%
Study%2:%Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
a=%statistically%significant%difference%from%water%b=%statistically%significant%difference%from%LCAF%
Urine%Volume%and%electrolyte%excretion%during%the%water%(W),%LCAF%(3%mg/kg),%HCAF%(6%mg/kg)%
Study%2:%Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
min*
UV%
U(Na+)%
a=%statistically%significant%difference%from%water%
b=%statistically%significant%difference%from%LCAF%
Urine%Volume%and%electrolyte%excretion%during%the%water%(W),%LCAF%(3%mg/kg),%HCAF%(6%mg/kg)%
Study%2:%%Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%%Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
Study%2:%Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%%
Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
! Findings:%%! High%caffeine%intake%(6%mg/kg)%%
! Acute%diuretic%effect%represented%by%increased%UV%at%time=%60,%120%&%180%min%%after%ingestion%
! Water%&%Moderate%dose%(3%mg/kg)%%%
! No%acute%diuretic%effect%
! Overall%quality%rating:%+%%
Study%2:%Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
Study%2:%Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%%
Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
! Strengths:%%! Used%three%variables%(W,%LCAF,%HCAF)%
o Used%coffee%rather%than%caffeine%tablets%o Caffeine%relative%to%body%weight%
! Limitations%of%the%study:%
! Mostly%men%
! Small%sample%size%
! Only%measured%acute%diuretic%effect%
Study%2:%Coffee%with%High%vs.%Low%Caffeine%Content,%Frontiers%in%Nutrition,%Adam%D.%Seal%et.%al.,%2017%
%
Caffeine%and%Diuresis%During%
Rest%and%Exercise,%2014%%Elsevier%Inc.%
Yang%Zhang%et%al.%
Study%3%
Study%3:%
Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%%
Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.,%2014%
! Research%Purpose:%%the%objective%of%this%metaHanalysis%was%to%quantify%caffeine%induced%diuresis%in%adults%during%rest%and%exercise.%%
! %Type%of%Study:%! MetaHAnalysis%
! Class%M%
Study%3:%Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.%2014%
Study%3:%
Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%%
Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.,%2014%
! Participation:%! Studies%included:%%
! Healthy%adults%! Sufficient%info%on%caffeine%effect%size%(ES)%on%urine%volume%
(UV)%
! 16%studies%provided%28%usable%investigations%%! 379%participants%(246%male,%133%female)%
! Measurements:%%
! ES:%Caffeine%%vs.%nonHcaffeine%
Study%3:%Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.%2014%
• <%0.20%ES=%trivial%
• 0.20H0.49%ES=%small%
• 0.50H0.79%ES=%moderate%
• 0.80%or%<%ES=%large%
Study%3:%
Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%%
Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.,%2014%
Design*Averages:*
! Sufficient%info%on%ES%
! Calculation,%monitor%and%review%of%ES’s%
! UV%following%caffeine%ingestion%
! Moderators%potentially%effecting%diuresis%
! Dosage%&%duration%
Study%3:%Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.%2014%
Study%3:Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%%
Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.%2014%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
=28
Study%3:%
Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%%
Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.,%2014%
! Findings:%%! Diuresis%was%small%(ES=0.29)%
! females%(ES=0.75)%vs.%males%(ES=0.13)%
! Fluid%loss%associated%with%caffeine%was%
unwarranted%particularly%when%intake%precedes%
exercise%
! (ES=0.10)%
! Overall%quality%rating:%+%
Study%3:%Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.%2014%
Study%3:%
Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%%
Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.,%2014%
! Strengths:%%! MetaHanalysis%(16%studies=%28%investigations)%
! Solid%inclusion/exclusion%! Assessment%for%risk%of%Bias:%Physiotherapy%EvidenceH
Based%Database%Scale%(PEDro)%%
! ES%was%determined%sufficient%
! Limitations%of%the%study:%
! MetaHanalysis%(class:%M)%
! Some%used%caffeine%pills%
Study%3:%Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise,%Elsevier%Inc.,%Zhang,%Yang%et%al.%2014%
Conclusion%Coffee%Intake%&%Hydration%Status%%
Further%Questions%
! These%studies%were%done%on%healthy%individuals%
! Critically%ill%patients%
! Patients%on%dialysis%
! Observational%studies:%critically%ill%&%dialysis%
! LongerHterm%study%
Research%Review%Findings%
1. TBW%&%UV%were%not%affected,%coffee%was%
not%dehydrating%
2. Acute%diuretic%effect%6%mg/%kg%%
3. Men%may%experience%less%diuresis%than%
women,%caffeine%with%exercise%≠%diuresis%%
Take%Home%Message%
! Moderate%coffee%intake%will%not%effect%
hydration%status%on…%
! Healthy%individuals%
! Habitual%coffee%drinkers%
! People%participating%in%exercise%
! Coffee%should%be%counted%in%fluid%intake%
%
References%
! Study*1:*Killer,%Sophie%C.%et%al.%"No%Evidence%Of%Dehydration%With%Moderate%Daily%Coffee%Intake:%A%Counterbalanced%CrossHOver%Study%In%A%FreeHLiving%Population".%Plos$ONE,%vol%9,%no.%1,%2014,%p.%e84154.%Public$Library$Of$Science$(Plos),%doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084154.%
! Study*2:*Seal,%Adam%D.%et%al.%"Coffee%With%High%But%Not%Low%Caffeine%Content%Augments%Fluid%And%Electrolyte%Excretion%At%Rest".%Frontiers$In$Nutrition,%vol%4,%2017.%Frontiers$Media$SA,%doi:10.3389/fnut.2017.00040.%
! Study*3:**Zhang,%Yang%et%al.%"Caffeine%And%Diuresis%During%Rest%And%Exercise:%A%MetaHAnalysis".%Journal$Of$Science$And$Medicine$In$Sport,%vol%18,%no.%5,%2015,%pp.%569H574.%Elsevier$BV,%doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.017.%
! Other*References:%
! Do%I%have%to%drink%eight%glasses%of%water%every%day?.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://coach.nine.com.au/2018/04/13/11/05/eightHglassesHofHwaterHaHdayHexpertHverdict%
! Ann,%M.%(2018).%How%Many%Milligrams%of%Caffeine%Are%in%a%Cup%of%Coffee?.%Retrieved%from%https://www.livestrong.com/article/260763HhowHmanyHmilligramsHofHcaffeineHareHinHaHcupHofHcoffee/%
! Perlman,%H.%(2018).%Water%properties:%The%water%in%you%(Water%Science%School).%Retrieved%from%https://water.usgs.gov/edu/propertyyou.html%
! %Water%and%hydration:%Physiological%basis%in%Adults.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://www.h4hinitiative.com/book/print/68%
! Total%Body%Water%(Watson%Formula)%|%Calculate%by%QxMD.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://qxmd.com/calculate/calculator_344/totalHbodyHwaterHwatsonHformula%
! Caffeine%content%for%coffee,%tea,%soda%and%more.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthyHlifestyle/nutritionHandHhealthyHeating/inHdepth/caffeine/artH20049372%
! Definition%of%CAFFEINE.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%https://www.merriamHwebster.com/dictionary/caffeine%
! Caffeine%Formula.%(2018).%Retrieved%from%http://www.softschools.com/formulas/chemistry/caffeine_formula/465/%
%
Thank*you*Coffee%Intake%&%Hydration%Status%%
Ashley%Aegerter%
uwgbresearchreviews.weebly.com*