cognitive radio wireless networks.pptx

8/18/2019 COGNITIVE RADIO WIRELESS NETWORKS.pptx

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COGNITIVE RADIO

WIRELESS NETWORKS:AN INTRODUCTION AND ROUTINGCHALLENGES

PRESENTED BY:SAQUIB MAZHAR

A PRESENTATION UNDER THE COURSE WORK OF ‘AD-HOC & SENSOR NETWORKS’


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CONTEN

TS1 M!"#$%"#!' D(%)#* S+,*".) A**,//

0 C!#"#$, R%2#!

3 CR N,"4!5/6 N,"4!5 C7%//#8*%"#!/

9 R!."# A++!%* %2 C%77,,/

; IEEE S"%2%2/


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MOTIVATION• F#=,2 /+,*".) %//#)," +!7#*( - ,.7%",2 >(

!$,),"%7 %,*#,/? !7( %//#,2 "! 7#*,/,!72,/

• S+,*".) ./%, #/ *!*,"%",2 ! *,"%#+!"#!/ - /##8*%" %)!." ,)%#/ .."#7#@,2

• F,2,%7 C!)).#*%"#!/ C!))#//#! FCC

,+!" $%#%"#!/ # ", ./%, ! %77!*%",2/+,*".) >,"4,, 16 "! %2 %$, >,, !$,*!42,2

•

A" ", /%), "#),? /,$,%7 ,.,*( 7#*,/,2>%2/ /.* %/ # ", 3; MH@ %,? %,.2,-."#7#@,2

• T, 7#)#",2 %$%#7%>7, /+,*".) %2 ",#,*#,*( # ", /+,*".) ./%,

• FCC %++!$%7 ! ", ./, ! .7#*,/,2 2,$#*,/ #7#*,/,2 >%2/

•


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PLOT SHOWING THE SPECTRUM UTILIZATIONOF THE UNLICENSED ISM BANDDATA COLLECTED

AROUND FK AIRPORT? WDC? USA?Y'1


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DSA- SOLUTION TO INEFFECTIVE SPECTRUM UTILIZATION

• D(%)#* /+,*".) %**,// DSA - % ,4/+,*".) /%# +%%2#) %77!4# /,*!2%(./,/ "! %**,// ", %>.2%" /+,*".) !7,/ !4#", /+%*,/ # ", 7#*,/,2 /+,*".) >%2/

•

DSA #/ % +!)#/# ",*!7!( "! %77,$#%", ",/+,*".) /*%*#"( +!>7,) %2 #*,%/,/+,*".) ."#7#@%"#!


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PRINCIPLES OF

DSA:1. Link Adaptation %7/! *%77,2 A2%+"#$,M!2.7%"#! %2 C!2# AMC: )%"*# ! ",)!2.7%"#!? *!2# %2 !", /#%7 %2+!"!*!7 +%%),",/ "! ", *!2#"#!/ ! ",%2#! 7#5 , +%"7!//? #",,,*,? /,/#"#$#"(

! ", ,*,#$,? %$%#7%>7, "%/)#"", +!4,?,"*

2. Bandwidth M%%,),"3. Multi-user MIMO - ).7"#+7,-#+." %2 ).7"#+7,-

!."+." ",*!7!#,/ ! 4#,7,// *!)).#*%"#!

4. Pre-cancellation of estiated interference -",*#., ! ,*#," "%/)#//#! ! 2##"%72%"% "!. % *%,7 /.>,*",2 "! /!),#",,,*, 5!4 "! ", "%/)#"",

!. Link a""re"ation - C!)>## ../,2 *%,7/!" +,-%77!*%",2 ! % /#7, ./, # !2, "!#*,%/, "!.+." >,(!2 /#7, *!,*"#!


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COGNITIVE RADIO INTRODUCTION

• I" #/ % %2#! "%" *% *%, #"/ "%/)#"",+%%),",/ >%/,2 ! #",%*"#! 4#" ",,$#!)," # 4#* #" !+,%",/

• M%# *%%*",#/"#*/:1 C!#"#$, C%+%>#7#"( %>#7#"( "! /,/, ",

#!)%"#! !) %2#! ,$#!)," ../,2/+,*".) +!"#!/ *% >, #2,"#8,2

' R,*!8.%>#7#"( ,%>7,/ %2#! "! >,2(%)#*%77( +!%)),2 %**!2# "! %2#!

,$#!),"•. I" *% >, +!%)),2 "! "%/)#" %2 ,*,#$, !

% $%#,"( ! ,.,*#,/ %2 "! ./, 2#,,""%/)#//#! %**,// ",*!7!#,/ /.++!",2 >(#"/ %24%, 2,/#


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CR SPECTRUM

• T4! "(+,/ ! ./,/: 1 P#)%( L#*,/,2 ./,/

' S,*!2%( U7#*,/,2 ./,/


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CR FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS


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CR NETWORKS

• CRN/ 2#/"#.#/ "4! "(+,/ ! ./,/ /%# %*!))! /+,*".) +!"#! 4#" 2#,," .7,/:

1 P#)%( ! 7#*,/,2 U/,/ PU/: %$, +#!#"(

# /+,*".) ."#7#@%"#! 4#"# ", >%2 ",(%$, 7#*,/,2' S,*!2%( U/,/ SU/: 4#* %**,// ",

/+,*".) # % !-#"./#$, )%,•. P#)%( U/,/ ./, "%2#"#!%7 4#,7,//

*!)).#*%"#! /(/",)/ 4#" /"%"#* /+,*".)%77!*%"#!

•. S,*!2%( U/,/ %, ,.#++,2 4#" CR/ %2,=+7!#" S+,*".) O++!".#"#,/ SOP/ "! /./"%#",# *!)).#*%"#!


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NETWORK CLASSIFICATION

• B%/,2 ! N,"4!5 A*#",*".,:

1 I%/".*"., >%/,2 CR ,"4!5/ •. %/ *,"%7 ,"#"( /.* %/ B%/, S"%"#!BS #

*,77.7% ,"4!5/ ! %**,// +!#"/ # 4#,7,//LAN/

•. O>/,$%"#!/? %%7(/#/ >( ,%* CR #/ ,2 "!*,"%7 BS # !2, "! "%5, 2,*#/#!/

' CR A2 H!*5 N,"4!5/ CRAHN/ •. ! #%/".*"., >%*5>!,

•. ./, *!,*"/ "!. %2 !* *!,*"#! !>!" 7#*,/,2 %2 .7#*,/,2 /+,*".)

•. ,%* ./, ,,2/ "! %$, %77 CR *%+%>#7#"#,/%2#/ ,/+!/#>7, ! 2,",)## #"/ %*"#!/ >%/,2

! ", 7!*%7 !>/,$%"#!


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CR NETWORKCLASSIFICATION DIAGRAM

% I%/".*"., >%/,2 CR ,"4!5 >CRAHN


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ROUTING IN CR NETWORKS:

APPROACH• C7%//#*%7 !."# %7!#")/ ! 4#,7,// ,"4!5/

%"",)+" "! !+"#)#@, % ,2-"!-,2 ),"#* /.* %/7%",*(? .)>, ! !+/? ,"*

• D(%)#* /+,*".) %**,// ",*#.,/ %77!4 CR "!

!+,%", # >,/" %$%#7%>7, *%,7• O*, >,/" %$%#7%>7, *%,7 /,7,*",2? ,="

*%77,, )%5, ,"4!5 +!"!*!7 %2%+"#$, "!%$%#7%>7, /+,*".)

• N,,2 ! /+,*".) %4%, *!)).#*%"#! +!"!*!7•

D(%)#* ./, ! /+,*".) %2$,/, ,,*"/ !+,!)%*, ! *!$,"#!%7 *!)).#*%"#!+!"!*!7/

• C!$,"#!%7 +!"!*!7/ 2,/#,2 *!/#2,#8=,2 ,.,*( >%2 ! *!)).#*%"#!

• D., "! /! )%( #",%*"#!/ ,.#,2 %)!2#,," 7%(,/? *!//-7%(, 2,/# %++!%*


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MAIN FUNCTIONS FOR CR

IN A NETWORK• Spectrum sensing: D,",*"# ../,2

/+,*".) %2 /%# ", /+,*".) 4#"!."%).7 #",,,*, 4#" !", ./,/

• Spectrum management: C%+".# ", >,/"%$%#7%>7, /+,*".) "! ),," ./, *!)).#*%"#!,.#,),"/

• Spectrum mobility: M%#"%## /,%)7,//*!)).#*%"#! ,.#,),"/ 2.# ","%/#"#! "! >,"", /+,*".)

• Spectrum sharing: P!$#2# ", %# /+,*".)/*,2.7# ),"!2 %)! *!,=#/"# S,*!2%(./,/


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CR FUNCTIONALITIES AND NETWORKING LAYERS


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COGNITIVE CYCLE


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• C%77,, 1: ", /+,*".)-%4%,,//: ",, /*,%#!/

)%( >, +!//#>7,:

", #!)%"#! ! ", /+,*".) !**.+%*( #/ +!$#2,2"! ", !."# ,#, >( ,=",%7 ,"#"#,/ ,? SU/ )%(%$, %**,// "! % 2%"% >%/, ! 4#", /+%*,/ ! TV"!4,/

", #!)%"#! ! /+,*".) !**.+%*( #/ "! >,

%",,2 7!*%77( >( ,%* SU "!. 7!*%7 %22#/"#>.",2 /,/# ),*%#/)/

% )#="., ! ", %>!$, "4!

ROUTING IN CR NETWORKS:CHALLENGES


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• C%77,, ': ", /," .+ ! ‘‘.%7#"( !.",/ # 2(%)#*$%#%>7, ,$#!),"

- ", $,( /%), *!*,+" ! ‘‘!.", .%7#"( #/ "! >, ,-2,8,2 .2, CRN /*,%#!

- ", %*".%7 "!+!7!( ! ).7"#-!+ CRN/ #/ #7(#.,*,2 >( PU/’ >,%$#!? %2 *7%//#*%7 4%(/ !),%/.#%//,//# ", .%7#"( ! ,2-"!-,2 !.",/!)#%7 >%24#2"? "!.+."? 2,7%(? ,,(,*#,*( %2 %#,// /!.72 >, *!.+7,2 4#" !$,7),%/.,/ ! +%" /"%>#7#"(? /+,*".) %$%#7%>#7#"(PU+,/,*,



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• C%77,, 0: ", !.", )%#",%*,,+%%"#!

- ", /.22, %++,%%*, ! % PU # % #$, 7!*%"#!)%( ,2, % #$, *%,7 ../%>7, # % #$, %,%?,/.7"# # .+,2#*"%>7, !.", %#7.,/? 4#* )%(,.#, ,.," +%" ,!."# ,#", # ",)/ !!2,/ ! ./,2 *%,7/

- E,*"#$, /#%77# +!*,2.,/ %, ,.#,2 "! ,/"!,

‘‘>!5, +%"/ 4#" )##)%7 ,,*" ! ", +,*,#$,2.%7#"(



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CRN ROUTING SCHEMES


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MAOR ROUTING CHALLENGE:EPECTED COST TO SWITCH OR STAY• T,, #/ % *!/" .*"#! %//!*#%",2 4#" ,$,( /,*!2%( ./,

4, #" #/ >,# !.",2 "!. )%( ! ", 2(%)#*%77(%$%#7%>7, 7#*,/,2 *%,7/

• I ,%7 4!72 ",, 4#77 >, )%( /,*!2%( ./,/ *!)+,"#4#" ,%* !", "! !**.+( !, ! ", *%,7/

• R,/,%*,/ %$, )!2,77,2 "#/ +!>7,) %/ % G%), T,!(M!2,7? 4#" )!/" !+"#)%7 /!7."#! >,# ", N%/ E.#7#>#.)

• E=+,*",2 *!/" "! 82 % *7,% *%,7:

• I"/ /!7."#! *!),/ !." "! >, % +!>%>#7#"( >%/,2 N%/E.#7#>#.) +!#"

S# /"%",( *!/, >( #"/,*!2%( ./,

S-# /"%",( !77!4,2 >( !",/C *!/" ! /#7, /4#"*#N?M.*"#! ! $%(#>,%$#!. ! *!/" 4#" N %2 MN.)>, ! /,*!2%( ./,/M.)>, ! %$%#7%>7, >%2/


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IEEE STANDARDS FOR CRN• IEEE 1 4!5# !.+ !),2 # '6 %2 ,%),2 "!

IEEE D(SPAN # '1

• S"%2%2/ >,# !),2 ! /+,*".) /,/# 4#7, ",/"#?,"4!5# %2 /,*.#"( %/+,*"/ ,)%# "! >, /"%2%2#/,2


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CONCLUSIO

N•

CRN/ $#%>7, /!7."#! "! /!7$, /+,*".) ,*#,*(+!>7,)/ >( % !++!".#/"#* %**,// "! ",7#*,/,2 >%2/

• H!7,/ # ", %2#! /+,*".) ,=+7!#",2 >(/,*!2%( ./,/ !", "% 7#*,/,2 +#)%( ./,/

• M%!#"( ! +!+!/,2 R!."# +!"!*!7/ 4!5 !+(/#*%7 %2 7#5 7%(,

• E*#," !."# +!+!/,/ *%77,,/ %/ ",>%24#2" %2 !.", 5,,+/ ! *%#

• S+,*".) /4#"*# *!/" ,,2/ "! >, )##)#/,24#" )%! +!+!/,2 )##)#/%"#! .*"#!/2,+,2 .+! +!>%>#7#/"#* G%), M!2,7- #ash$%uili&riu solution


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REFERENCES

1 IF A5(#72#@? W-Y L,,? MC V.%? M S%"#2,$? N,",,%"#!2(%)#* /+,*".) %**,// *!#"#$, %2#! 4#,7,//,"4!5/: % /.$,(? C!)+.", N,"4!5/ !.%7 E7/,$#, 6'9 ++ '1';'16

' I% F A5(#72#@? W-Y L,,? K%./#5 R C!42.(? CRAHN/:C!#"#$, %2#! %2 !* ,"4!5/? C!)+.", N,"4!5/ !.%7E7/,$#, ; ' ++

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