cognitive psychology and careers colleen kelley. cognitive psychology: how the mind works. attention...
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Cognitive Psychology and Careers
Colleen Kelley
Cognitive Psychology: How the mind works.
• Attention
• Memory
• Judgment and Decision Making
• Language and Reading
• Problem Solving
Attention
• See whether you can detect anything changing in this scene.
Memory
Suggestions with photos
• Wade et al. (2002): Ss see pictures from childhood (one doctored).
Doctored photo study
• Interviewed 3 times; encouraged to generate details.
Judgment: Endowment Effect
• Kahneman et al. (1990): Ss shown a coffee mug.
– half Ss told they can keep the mug (sellers)
– half Ss told they can pick a mug or cash (choosers)
Endowment Effect
• All Ss told to assign a market value.
– If the price is higher than market value, they keep the mug rather than sell
– If the price is lower than market value, make the sale and get the cash.
Endowment Effect
• Results (average price assigned):
– Sellers: $7.12
– Choosers: $3.12
People given the mug demand a high price for giving it up.
Faculty Research
• Expertise– Anders Ericsson (music, studying)– Neil Charness (bridge, chess)– Paul Ward (soccer, nurses, law
enforcement)
Expertise
• Ericsson: Little support for talent view
• Key: Deliberate Practice
• Amount of Deliberate Practice predicts performance.
• 10 year rule
Deliberate Practice
• 4 hours a day for musicians (7 days)
• Practice an hour, rest
• Morning practice
• Big emphasis on enough sleep and rest
Faculty Research
• Language and Reading (Florida Center for Reading Research)– Rick Wagner, Chris Schatschneider, Ralph
Radach
• How children learn to read, who is at risk, what predicts that?
More cognitive faculty …
• Mike Kaschak– Language processing in adults and
children– Embodied approach to cognition
• Mike gave the pen to Colleen.• Colleen took the pen from Mike.
Specialties at FSU
• Memory– Colleen Kelley (emotion and memory, eyewitness
memory, memory monitoring)
• Aging– Neil Charness Older adults and driving signs,
cell phones, using computer mouse, etc.– Wally Boot cognitive and physical training for older
adults: Does it stave off cognitive decline?
Faculty Specialties:Visual attention and search
• Ralph Radach, eye movement control during reading
• Effects of alcohol on visual attention
• Effects of ADHD on visual attention
Eye Fixations of a High Performance Student
Eye Fixations of a Low Performance Student
Is there a threat?
Where’s Waldo?
Visual Search: Dr. Walter Boot
Look for something red
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Look for an “O”
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Look for something red AND “O”
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Ph.D Academic Careers
• Psychology• Joint JD/PH.D work in law schools• Business schools• School of Education (Educational
Psychology specialty)
What is Human Factors?• The Third Brake Light
• HUD (Head-Up Display)
• Reach Toothbrush
Design and Evaluation
• Tech companies (Hewlett Packard, IBM, Microsoft, Apple)
• Aerospace• Automobile• Military• Consumer products.
Amanda Hafich, FSU psychology BS in December, 2002
• Took cognitive psychology, DIS in cognitive.
• Working for CHI Systems. (national company, San Diego, Orlando, Philadelphia).
• Says job is “AWESOME”
Projects
Creating a common instructor operator system, a virtual system for training people to fly planes such as F –18.
Evaluating a training system for the Marine Corps.
Case Study: BS and Human Factors
• “Within 6 months I knew how to fly a satellite and how to train a navy pilot”.
• Lots of travel, California, navy bases on some projects.
• Already presented paper at professional conference.
• Started in the “mid $40,000’s”
• Ph.D. entering around $70K, management around $150,000.
Advice from Amanda• Take Cognitive, work in a lab.
• Take a computer programming course
• minor in computer or mechanical engineering. She just started Masters program at the University of Central Florida.
• Avoid committing felonies: lots of defense work, need clearance.
Resources• CHI PA and FL offer graduate and, in some
cases, undergraduate internships (PA year-round and FL during summer)
• CHI periodically has classes on the use of iGEN, our cognitive modeling tool
• Website: www.chisystems.com• Email Amanda: [email protected]• Website: http://www.hfes.org/
– (Human Factors and Ergonomics Society)