cognitive approach the way i think is the way i behave…
TRANSCRIPT
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Cognitive Approach
The way I think is the way I behave…
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Focuses of Cognitive Approach
The PROCESSES of thinking and memory
Attention
Imagery
Creativity
Problem solving
Language use
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Different from Learning approach (Behaviorists)
Concerned with mental processes
Concerned with what humans can perceive and communicate
Focused on the mind. Literature frequently refers to the BLACK BOX of mental processing (we can’t see mental processing…)
Use animals for MEMORY research
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Big-deal Cognitive folks
Noam Chomsky –Theories of language acquisition
Norbert Wiener –computer simulations of thought… worked with cybernetics… tried to get computers to respond to different situations.
Wolfgang Kohler –Gestalt theory… our mind fills in the blanks of perception (see next slide)
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Happy/Sad/Surprised/Angry/Disgusted/Fearful? Can You Tell ?
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Gestalt Theory
Gestalt is a german word that means Pattern Shape Figure Form Whole
It is a theory that suggests we look at things as a whole… and we process information as a whole…
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Gestalt Theory-everything is view in
context…
In learning, opposed to the reductionism of behaviourism, it concentrates on the way in which the mind insists on finding patterns in things, and how this contributes to learning, especially the development of “insight”.
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Gestalt slides
A vase or two faces? According to the Gestalt theory, our mind can only see one image at a time.
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Gestalt puzzle
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To solve the puzzle, one must look at the whole
concept or image…
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Closure is a big
gestalt concept
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Mentally, we close
the pictures… how could
you interpret A,B,C,D?
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How is thinking different from learning?
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Thinking VS LearningThinking More complex than
learning Manipulates
representations of the environment
Applies perceptions, makes associations, furthers current cause
Stimulus-stimulus reactions
Learning Learning is stimulus-
response interactions.
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Activity
Cognitive approach… Explain how it is different than the biological and behaviorist approachWhich approach appeals to you the most?ADHD: This is a life-long issue for some people. How does each approach treat ADHD?
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Two types of thinkingNon-directed thinking Has no
destination Reverie Free association Mind-wandering fantasy
Directed thinking Aims toward a goal Problem solving Critical thinking Creativity Reasoning
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Problem solvingConvergent thinking Searches for one solution
to a problem. Uses logic to find the ‘one
right answer’ like in math problems
Categorize events, and filter out the correct answer
Divergent thinking Used in playing chess
(several options must be considered…)
Imagines many solutions Creativity is often measured
by how many different solutions someone can come up with for a problem.