1

CO2QUEST

Materials Selection

S Brown, S Martynov, H Mahgerefteh (UCL)D Van Hoecke, S Cooreman (OCAS)

EC FP7 Projects: Leading the way in CCS implementation14 – 15 April 2014, London, UK

2

Fracture Propagation in Pipelines

3

Fracture Propagation in Pipelines

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Fracture Propagation in Pipelines

5

Modelling pipeline fractures requires accounting for the following fluid/structure interactions:

•Real fluid behaviour•Fluid/wall heat transfer•Fluid/wall friction•Pipeline arrest pressure,

} Pt Pa

(CFD)

(Fracture mechanics)

Fluid/Structure Interaction

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A ductile fracture will come to rest when the Crack Tip Pressure, Pt

falls below the Crack Arrest Pressure, Pa.

Ductile Fracture – Background Theory

7

393.0

167.0

a

t

P

p

flowc P

P

AD

v

The fracture equation developed by the High-Strength Line Pipe (HLP) Committee, Japan, is applied in this work:

Where

vc,crack propagation velocity

σflow, flow stress (yield and tensile stress mean)

Dp, pre-cracked Drop Weight Tearing Test energy

Ap, ligament area (shaded area )

Pa, arrest pressure

Pt , crack tip pressure

Simplified Modelling – BTC Model

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The arrest pressure is calculated from

Where

tw, pipeline thickness

D, outer diameter of the pipe

σflow, flow stress (yield and tensile stress mean)

Dp, pre-cracked Drop Weight Tearing Test energy

Ap, ligament area (shaded area )

Pa, arrest pressure

2

710813

1cos3820flow

p

p

σDt

AD

.

floww

a eσDt

.P

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Table 1. Pipeline characteristics and prevailing conditions utilised for fracture propagation simulations.

Parameter ValueInternal diameter (m) 0.5905Wall thickness (mm) 9.45Line pressure (barg) 100,180

Ambient pressure (bara) 1.01Ambient temperature (oC) 20

Feed temperature (oC) 0,10,20,30Pipe length (m) 500

Tensile stress (MPa) 531Yield stress (MPa) 448

Pipe wall roughness (mm) 0.05Heat transfer coefficient

(W/m2K)5

Wind speed (m/s) 0Pipe grade X65

Fracture toughness (J) 50

Case Study

10

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Crack Length (m)

Cra

ck V

eloc

ity (m

/s)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Crack Length (m)

Cra

ck V

eloc

ity (m

/s)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Crack Length (m)

Cra

ck V

eloc

ity (m

/s)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Crack Length (m)

Cra

ck V

eloc

ity (m

/s)

100 m pipe, 100 barg

30 oC

20 oC

10 oC

0oC

CO2

11

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Temperature (oC)

Pres

suer

(bar

a)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Temperature (oC)

Pres

suer

(bar

a)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Temperature (oC)

Pres

suer

(bar

a)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Temperature (oC)

Pres

suer

(bar

a)

The variation of crack tip pressure with temperature, 100 m pipe, 100 barg CO2 pipe at different line temperatures.

Arrest Pressure

Saturation Curve

30 oC20 oC

10 oCLiquid

Gas

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Table 2. CO2 stream compositions based on the various capture technologies (ICF International, 2010).

Species Post-combustion

Pre-combustion

Oxy-fuel

CO2 99.82 95.6 88.4Ar 0 0 3.7CO 0 0.4 0N2 0.17 0.6 2.8

H2S 0 3.4 0Cl 0 0 0.14H2 0 0 0O2 0.01 0 3.6

SO2 0 0 1.36H2O 0 0 0NO2 0 0 0

Impact of Mixture Composition

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0oC,10 oC,20 oC

30 oC

Pre- combustion: 180 barg.

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30 oC and 20 oC

10 oC

0 oC

oxy-fuel, 100 barg.

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Fracture Propagation Results (100 barg)

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CO2QUEST

• Damage model - Implementation

Rigorous Fracture Modelling

17CO2QUEST

Damage Model – Parameter calibration

18CO2QUEST

Damage Model – Validation

19CO2QUEST

Damage Model – Validation cont.

20CO2QUEST

• Prediction of crack propagation in CO2 pipeline• Pipe ID = 233 mm, pipe WT = 20 mm• Internal pressure: 150 bar• Initial crack length: 2 OD• Only one quarter modelled because of symmetry• Total simulation time: 10 ms

2 m

Damage Model – Case Study

21CO2QUEST

Prediction of crack propagation in CO2 pipeline1 2

3 4

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Damage Model – Case Study - Results

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Fracture Propagation in Pipelines

2323

Brittle Fracture – Background Theory

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Charpy test results

Battelle test results

Materials Testing – X70 Steel

The research leading to the results described in this presentation has received funding from the European Union 7th Framework Programme FP7-ENERGY-2012-1-2STAGE under grant agreement number 309102.

The presentation reflects only the authors’ views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

Acknowledgements and Disclaimer