co2 utilization for enhanced oil and gas productionco 2 utilization for enhanced oil and gas...
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COCO22 Utilization for Utilization forEnhanced Oil and Gas ProductionEnhanced Oil and Gas Production
Presented to:
Gasification Technologies 2001San Francisco, CA
Presented by:
Scott StevensJeffrey Eppink
Advanced Resources InternationalArlington, VA
(703) 528-8420 – [email protected]
October 9, 2001
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How oil companies respondto global warming.
www.greenpeace.org
JAF0
1694
.CD
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COCO22 Injection Can Boost Injection Can BoostOil and Gas RecoveryOil and Gas Recovery
1. Oil Fieldsw/CO2-EOR:
Currently performed on large scale inUnited States. Widespread potential indepleted oil fields.
2. EnhancedGas Recovery:
3. CoalbedMethane:
Not currently performed, but large CO2storage potential available. Requiresemissions credits.
One commercial pilot underway in the U.S.,second planned. Shows some potential butstill in its early days.
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Enhanced Oil RecoveryEnhanced Oil Recovery
JAF01530.PPT
Reservoir
COPurchases
2 CO Injected
2
Immobile Oil
Recycled CO2
COSequesteredin Reservoir
andImmobile Oil
2
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0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,00019
86
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000E
nh
ance
d O
il R
eco
very
(b
arre
ls/d
ay)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
COCO22 –EOR Production in the U.S. –EOR Production in the U.S.
U.S
. Ave
rag
e C
rud
e O
il P
rice
$/B
O
Oil Price
GULF COASTMID-CONTINENTALASKA (22% CO2)ROCKY MOUNTAINSPERMIAN BASIN
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COCO22–EOR Projects In The USA–EOR Projects In The USA
6
74
538
2 5
Number of CO -EOR ProjectsNatural CO SourceIndustrial CO SourceCO PipelineProposed CO PipelineCommercial CO -EOR Fields
2
2
2
2
2
2
Canada
RockyMountains
PermianBasin
GulfCoast
Mid-Continent
JAF01657.CDR
*
*22% CO2
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Most COMost CO22-EOR Production Takes Place-EOR Production Takes Placein U.S., But Potential Exists Worldwidein U.S., But Potential Exists Worldwide
145,000
18,64026,880
8,000 7,010313
(30,000By 2009)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
U.S.Permian
Basin
U.S.Alaska*
U.S. Rocky
Mountains
Turkey U.S. Mid-Continent/Gulf Coast
Trinidad Canada
En
han
ced
Oil
Pro
du
ctio
n(B
OP
D)
*22% of hydrocarbon miscible flood injectant is CO2 Source:Oil and Gas Journal Survey, March 20, 2000; operator data
m3 /
day
0
3,180
6,360
9,540
12,720
15,900
19,080
22,260
25,440
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Permian Basin COPermian Basin CO22 – EOR Projects – EOR ProjectsMost Use “Geologic CO2”Most Use “Geologic CO2”
##
# #
#
#
# # #
##
#
#
##
#
#Y
#Y
Brushy D raw
Jess Bu rner
Ford W
Chapm an D eep
Ken Regan
mason
V erm ej o
Barstow
Gom ez
Fort St ock ton
McCom b
Oat es
El s i nore
Sand H il ls
Runnin g W
Pecos Val ley
Shi pley
Wards
Mohans
Arenosohal l ey
Em peror
K eyst on
Kermi t
Hendri ck
Rhodes
Jal m at
Toborg
Ti ppet t
McCaney
Univ Waddel l
Dune LeoT hom pson
Wilsh ire
Ama cker- Ti ppett
Jordan
Sweet ie Peck
Dora R obert s
H eadlee
Fost er
Harper
Johnson
TXL
Gold smi th E
Parks
Pegasu s
Ben edu m
Ol son
H alf e
Shannon
WorldWorl d W
Big Lake
Farm er
Ami go
Ketch um Mt
Sugg R anch
Cong er
Calvi nSpra berry
Tren d
David son Ranch
Ozona
Sout h B ranch
In dian Bas in
D agger Draws S
D agger Draw N
At oka
Red L ak e Em pi re
Art es ia
Whit e Ci t y
Carlsbad
Cul eb ra Bl uff s
High Lon esom e
Lo co H ill s
Turkey T rack
Mi ll man E.
Shu gart N.
Lusk
G rayb urg -Jackson
Square L al e
Corbi n
Young N
Shu gart N.
Pearl e
Lea
Hat Mesa
Bi lbrey
Li vin gst on Rid ge
Sand D unesLos Medanos
San d Du nes W.
Gram R idge
A nt el ope R id ge
Kem ni t z
t ownsend
Lo vi ngt on W.
Lovi ngto n
Lovin gt on N
Hobbs
Brow n-B asset tR ussel l N
Monum ent
Eum ont
Euni ce Monum ent
Arrowh ead
Pen Rose S kelleyEu ni ce S. Paddock
Dri nkardTu br
Bli nebery
WantzEu nice N
Hare
Warren
Foul erLangl ie- Matt i x
Langl ey
Dent on
Anderson R anch
Saund ers
Baum
Caprock
Ba gley N
Bagl ey
INBE
Pecos Slop e S
Pecos S lope
Pecos Sl op e W
Tw in Lakes
Cato
Tom ahaw kChaverl oo
Tobac
Fl ying M
Mesca lero
Mi ln esand
To dd
Al lison
Buckshot
Y ellow house
I l lus ion Lak e
Li t t lefi el d
Bi l ly
Sm yer Edm issi on
Pren ti ce
Reeves
Semi nol e W
Robert son N
Robert son
Fla nagan
U nion
Full ert onShaf t er Lake
N ol ley
McFarl and
Magut exH ut ex
Fuhrm an -Mascho
Em ma
U niv Bl ock
Andrews S
Midl and Farms
Andrews NDeep Ro ck
Mart i n
Emb ar
Lowe
Breed love
Tex- H um on Ackerly
Jo- Mil l
Vealm oorOceani c
Moore
Buckw heat
Varel
Lut her SE
Wel ch
Lee Harri son
Sti nnett
Lea
Pecos
C hav es
Ed dy
Reeves
Cul berson
Terrel l
Crocket t
De B aca
R oosevelt
Jeff D avis
Gain es
Iri on
Hale
Upt on
Flo yd
Lynn
La mb
A ndrews
Ect or
Terry
Reagan
Mot l ey
Scurry
Crane
Bai ley
Marti n
C rosby
Bo rden
Di cken s
Sterl i ng
Hock ley
Howa rd Mit ch ell
Midl and
Winkl er
Lubbock
Lovin g
Yoak um
Cochran
Gl asscock
Hob bs
Pecos
Lam esa Snyder
OD ESSA
Lubbock
Roswel l
Artes i a
And rew s
MID L AND
Port ales
Carl sba d
Pl ai nv iew
Lev ell an d
Bi g Spri ng
West Odessa
W ad de ll *
New MexicoTex as
De nver Ci ty
Pucket t F iel dPikes Pea k
El Ma r
Ant o n Ir i sh
We ll man
S. C ros set t
C ord ona L ake
E. P enw el l
N. C ow den
M ean s
E . Fo rd
Se mi no l e
Do l larh id e
Sab le
Han f ord
G M K S ou th
Mi d C ross ett
N. Cro sse t t
E. H un t ley
S alt Cre ek
Re i nec ke
Sla ug ht er
L evel l and *
Ki n gdo m*
B enn et t R an ch
Wa sso n
We st B raha ney
Ada i r
C eda r L ake
Wel c h*
G arza*
Sac roc
M al j amarV acuu m
Fo rd Ger ald in e
N . Ward Est es *
G ol dsm it h
Wad de ll*
M cE lro y
Y at es*
Tw o F reds *
S . C ow den
OklahomaNew Mexico
Texas
MexicoGulfof
Mexico Source: Shell CO2 Company
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Yea
r
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
CO
2 D
eliv
erie
s (1
06 t/y
)
JAF20013.XLS
Anthropogenic CO2 Natural CO2
Bravo DomeSheep MountainMcElmo Dome
Val Verde BasinGas ProcessingPlants
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Several COSeveral CO22-EOR Projects Sequester-EOR Projects SequesterAnthropogenic Waste COAnthropogenic Waste CO22
Texas Gas Processing 75 4,000 Sharon ExxonRidge, MobilOthers
Colorado Gas Processing 60 3,200 Rangely Chevron
Oklahoma Fertilizer 35 1,900 Purdy AnadarkoSho-Vel-Tum Henry Petroleum
Wyoming Gas Processing 30 1,600 Lost Soldier, Merit EnergyWertz
Alberta Ethylene Plant 25 1,300 Joffre Viking Numac Energy
Saskatchewan Coal Gasification 95 5,100 Weyburn Pan Canadian
Total 320 17,100
State/Province
PlantType
CO2 Supply
MMcfd Tons/DayEOR
Fields Operator
Cf: Sleipner Aquifer Project Injects 2,700 t/day
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Petroleum Production Offers “Off-The-Shelf”Petroleum Production Offers “Off-The-Shelf”Technologies for Geologic SequestrationTechnologies for Geologic Sequestration
EnhancedOil
Recovery
UndergroundGas
Storage
NaturalCO2
Fields
CO2 SequestrationTechnologies
•Capture•Processing•Distribution• Injection
•Field Design•Simulation•Monitoring•Verification
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1. CO2-EOR: Sequestration at Rangely Field, Colorado
Sources: Operator data, ARI estimates
Net CO2Purchases
136 MMBO @ 3.5 Mcf/BO
472 Bcf
25 Mt CO2
136 MMBO @ 8.6 Mcf/BO
1,167 Bcf
62 Mt CO 2
Gross CO2 Inj
472 Bcf
25 Mt CO 2
CODissolved (Sequestered
in Immobile Oil)
2
Net Purchases
Immobile Oil
Immobile Oil
Rangley WeberSandstoneReservoir
Cap RockCO
Emissions2
Unknown VolumeEstimated at
<1% of net CoPurchases
2
Recycled from
Production Wells
695 Bcf
37 Mt CO 2
Vented CO2 from
Production Wells
Unknown VolumeEstimated at <1%
of net COPurchases
2
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“Early Action Credits” May be Important in Future“Early Action Credits” May be Important in Future
U.S. Landfill Concern, Ontario Utility Agree to Swap Gas-Emissions Rights
In a private exchange, anticipating aninternational emission trading system:
Ontario Power Generationbought rights to emit CO2 from
Zahren Alternative Power Corp.
2.5 MMt CO2 Equivalent$25 MM Total Deal$10/ton CO2 Equivalent
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2. CO2 Injection for Enhanced Gas Recovery2. CO2 Injection for Enhanced Gas Recovery
1. Oil Fieldsw/CO2-EOR:
2. EnhancedGas Recovery:
3. CoalbedMethane:
• Inject CO2 into depleted natural gasfields to drive out remaining CH4.
• Contamination of CH4 is major risk.
• No field demos to date, no firm plans.
• Large 800 Gt worldwide sequestrationcapacity, but will need emissions credits.
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•• CO2 Injection forCO2 Injection forEnhanced Enhanced Coalbed Coalbed Methane RecoveryMethane Recovery
1. Oil Fieldsw/CO2-EOR:
2. EnhancedGas Recovery:
3. CoalbedMethane:
• Promising new method
• One large pilot underway since 1996
• Second pilot gearing up
• International pilots planned
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3. Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery Using CO2:Burlington Resources Allison Unit CO2-ECBM Pilot, San Juan Basin
#142CO2 Injector
3200
3400
TD=3149'
TD=3390'
TD=3148'Fruitland Coal Seam
N80EN05E3000ft3500ft
3149'
3328'
3059'3049'
3078'3092'3104'
3038'
3124'
#112Production Well
#114Production Well
3077'
3385'
3030'
Note: Depths, elevations, thicknesses expressed in feet
CO2CO2 CH4
CH4
2965'2965'
2900'
0
200
2800
Dep
th (
ft)
3000
JAF01665.CDR
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Location of COLocation of CO22-ECBM Pilots-ECBM Pilots
JAF016
63.C
DR
CH4CH4
CO2CO2
McElmo DomeCO Field2
West TexasCO -EOR2
Los Angeles
Burlington Resources
BP ECBM Pilotsand
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Location of ECBM PilotsLocation of ECBM PilotsSan Juan Basin, USASan Juan Basin, USA
Farmington
Aztec
Dulce
Durango PagosaSprings
COLORADO
NEW MEXICO
LA PLATA CO. ARCHULETA CO.
La Pl a
t a Ri v
e r
An ima s
S an
Juan
Ri v er
Ri v
er
JAF01664.CDR
Burlington Allison
Unit Pilot
BP TiffanyUnit Pilot
McElmo Dome
CO Field2
CO Pipeline
2
F AI R
WA
Y30
mile
s
FloridaGas
Plant
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0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Jul-89 Aug-90 Sep-91 Oct-92 Nov-93 Jan-95 Feb-96 Mar-97 Apr-98
Mcf
/d
0
250
500
750
1000
Bb
l/d
JA
F9
90
57
.X
LS
Gas
Water
Allison Unit 9-Well Total ProductionAllison Unit 9-Well Total Production
CO2 Injection
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U.S. ECBM PotentialU.S. ECBM Potential
Potential ECBM Basin
CBM Basin
CBM Reserve Additions (Tcf)
ECBM Potential (Tcf)
CO2 Pipeline
CO2 Pipeline (proposed)
135-10
Western Washington
Wind River
GreaterGreen River
Uinta0.42-3
Piceance0.1
San Juan13
5-10Raton
0.42-3
ArkomaWarrior
1.8
CentralAppalachia
1.6
Northern Appalachian
IllinoisPowder River0.5
ForestCity
Cherokee0.1
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International COInternational CO22- Enhanced- EnhancedCoalbedCoalbed Methane Recovery Pilots (Planned) Methane Recovery Pilots (Planned)
• ShanxiProvince nearBeijing
• Major coal andpowerproducingregion
China
• U. Silesian Basin,southern Poland
• Major coal andpower producingregion
Poland
• Bowen Basin,SW of Brisbane
• Major coal/powerproducingregion
Australia
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COCO22-ECBM Costs-ECBM CostsInjectant Costs (CO2) $0.25 to $0.35/Mcf(CO2)
CO2/CH4 Ratio (by volume) 2:1
CO2 Costs (40% incremental recovery) $0.50 to$0.70/Mcf
Incremental Capital (undiscounted) $0.13/McfIncremental Operating Costs $0.01/Mcf
Total Costs (undiscounted) $0.64 to$0.84/Mcf
Total Costs (discounted) $0.84 to$1.04/Mcf
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Conclusions: Can Petroleum Industry Use COConclusions: Can Petroleum Industry Use CO22??
§ 1.5 Bcf/day of CO2 consumed in EOR projects – will rise.§ Need to compete with natural geologic CO2 supplies at
$0.50 to $0.70/Mcf, with much lower incr prod costs.§ Many areas haven’t yet been flooded because they are too
far from geologic CO2.
§ Contamination of CH4 reserves by CO2 is major issue.
§ Needs field demo but no firm sites yet.
§ Takes unusually favorable geologic conditions, so far only foundin Rocky Mountain coal basins.
§ New pilots in Poland, China, Australia, and Appalachia planned.
1. Large, Growing and Proven EOR Industry
2. EGR: Unproven and Uncertain Economics
3. Enhanced CBM Looks Promising But Still Early
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