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23rd World Gas Conference, Amsterdam 2006

CO2 Storage and TestingEnhanced Gas Recovery in the

K12-B Reservoir

Bert van der Meer, Senior Reservoir Engineer

Daan DHoore & Jan Hartman GPN

Erik Kreft & Kees Geel - TNO

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Overview

Introduction

Geological Model

Test results Test 1

Test 2

Vertical Flow Performance

Reservoir Simulation Model History Match

Test 2 simulation results

Conclusions

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Introduction - setting

Kyoto Protocol => IPCC Subsurface storage possible reduction

option

Dutch government already active for many years => CRUST(CO2 Re-use through Underground Storage)

Gaz de France Production Nederland B.V. (GPN) operator of theK12-B field

The Offshore RE-injection of CO2 (ORC) by GPN is supported by

the CRUST project.

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Introduction larger context

World wide several ongoing storage projects:

Sleipner offshore/Norway Statoil

K12-B offshore/Netherlands Gaz de France In Salah onshore/Algeria BP

Weyburn onshore/EOR/Canada EnCana

Japan onshore/test/Japan RITE

Frio onshore/test/USA DOE/Nat. Lab. Allison onshore/ECBM/USA Burlington Res.

Snhvit offshore/Norway Statoil

Ketzin onshore/German GFZ/EU-CO2SINK

Tarnov onshore/EOR/Poland CMI

*Incomplete list

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Introduction Key factors

Gas field (nearly empty)

Deep (3900m SS)

High temperature (128 oC)

Low pressure (40 bar)

Low permeable (mD)

Confined space

Full test site

~30,000 Nm3/d

Aquifer

Shallow (800 m SS)

Temperature ~37 oC

Hydrostatic (100 bar)

High permeable (D)

Extremely large

Restricted

~1,380,000 Nm3/d

10 years in operation

K12-B Sleipner

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Introduction location map

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Geological Model

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Test Results Test 1

Injection test in single well compartment (CO2 gas)

History Match K12-B8 gas production performance

Well bore behavior injected CO2 gas (18 bar BHP-WHP)) Formation injectivity (1.5 bar BHP-Pres)

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Test Results Test 2

CO2 injection in gas producing compartment

History Match past behavior

Effects of super critical CO2 injection Degree of corrosion along the tubing

Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) potential

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Past Performance

B6 past behavior:

Possible leaking packer

Water from Lower Slochteren

CO2 injection restart water pushback into formation

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Vertical Flow Performance

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

1/2/05 3/3/05 2/4/05 2/5/05 2/6/05 2/7/05 1/8/05 1/9/05 1/10/05 31/10/05 1/12/05 31/12/05 30/1/06

Time [date]

Pressure[bara]

B6 THPobs

B6 BHPobs

0.0

5000.0

10000.0

15000.0

20000.0

25000.0

30000.0

35000.0

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

delta Pressure (bhp-THP) [bar]

CO2InjectionRate[Nm3/d]

Q = 0 Nm3/d

Q = 28000 Nm3/d

Q = 0 Nm3/d

Q = 28000 Nm3/d

Q = 0 Nm3/d

Q = 28000 Nm3/d

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History Match

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Time [date]

Bottom

holePressure[bar]

B1 BHPsim

B1 BHPobs

B1 SBHPobs

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Test 2 - Simulation Results

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1/2/05 2/4/05 2/6/05 1/8/05 1/10/05 1/12/05 30/1/06

Time [date]

BottomholeP

ressure[bar]

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

InjectedCO2produ

ctionRate[Nm3/d]

B1 BHPsim

B1 BHPobs

CO2 Prod Rate

1,3-PDMCH tracer

PMCP tracer

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Test 2 - Simulation Results

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100

110

120

1/2/05 3/3/05 2/4/05 2/5/05 2/6/05 2/7/05 1/8/05 1/9/05 1/10/05 31/10/05 1/12/05 31/12/05 30/1/06

Time [date]

Pressur

e[bara]

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

CO2InjectionRate[Nm3]

B6 BHPobs

B6 BHPsimB6 BHPest

CO2 Inj Rate

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Conclusions

CO2 injection first time in Netherlands and unique in respect to

active gas field, depth, pressure and temperature range.

Past performance modeled and explained Detailed modeling can be used for data QC

CO2 injection as predicted

CO2 breakthrough B1 modeled is slow and gradual

Volumetric consequences of CO2 injection undetected in 2005test period i.e. no EGR potential yet

Further study needed and GPN committed to continue CO2injection

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Acknowledgments

GDF Production Nederland B.V. and partners

EXPRO North Sea

DRC

Dutch Government (CRUST, CATO)

European Commission (FP6, CASTOR)

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QUESTIONS?