co2 capture systems
TRANSCRIPT
CO2 Capture Systems
Ludger Schlueter16/08/2012
IEAGHG International Summer School 2012 - Beijing
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
ALSTOM Carbon Capture Technology – P CC– 16/08/2012
Agenda
Introduction
Technology OptionsTechnology Options
1st Generation1st Generation
2nd Generation2nd Generation
Cost of CCSCost of CCS
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 3
Equipment & services for power generationAlstom Thermal Power
Equipment & services for rail transport
Alstom Transport
Three main activities in 4 sectors*
Equipment & services for power transmissionAlstom GridAlstom Renewable Power
* Organisation as of 4 July 2011
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 4
Some key numbers
Transport5.6 €bn
Thermal Power 9.7 €bn
Grid3.6 €bn
Renewable Power 2 €bn
17%
10%
27%
46%
92,500 employees in 100 countries
Total sales 2010/11: €20.9 billion
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 5
CO2 Réduction
CO2 emissions Scénarios
Global CO2 emissions due to fossil (all sectors, coal, gas, oil)GtCO2
* Source: WEO/IEA 2011
Outstanding effort needed to reach 450 ppm objective +2°C The door is closing !
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 6
1990 2009 2035
Global Fossil related CO2 emissions
21 GtCO2
29 GtCO2
43 GtCO2
36 %41 %
46 %Other sectors
Power Generation
Evolution of global CO2 emissions
* Source: IEA 2011 - Current Policies Scenario
2035: Power Generation remains the main contributor of CO2 emissions
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 7
Developing countries represent 100% of incremental CO2 emissions
Power sector – Annual CO2 emissions
12
20GtCO2
OilGas
Coal
India
China
Europe
RoW
NAM
2009 2035
20
15
10
5
0
By fuel By region
12
20
2009 2035
20
15
10
5
0
Evolution of Power CO2 emissions
Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 7
* Source: IEA 2011 - Current Policies Scenario
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 8
CCS is essential for Power generation
Power generation CO2 Emissions
12 CCS pilots5 large-scale demo in
development
CCS on gas and coal power generation is essential to massively reduce CO2 emissions from fossil plants complementary to REN & NUC technologies
Source : Alstom analysis from IEA WEO 2011
0
5
10
15
20
25
Gt/y
1990 2035Current Policies
path +6°C
2035New Policiespath +3,5°C
2035450 ppm
Needed path +2°C
Includes CCS75 GWe
Includes CCS 540 GWe
Today 400ppm
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 9
Decarbonized Power within Alstom
Hydro Nuclear (Conv. Island) Wind
Biomass
SolarTidalGeothermal
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 10
Production Efficiency within Alstom
New Plants
Coal Efficiency
Gas30% to 50% 40% to 60%
40% 33% CO2emissions
Retrofit
Plant Optimisation:
-5% CO2
Turbine retrofit:
-5% CO2
Boiler retrofit:
-3% CO2 CO2emissions
Smart Fuel Selection
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 11
Alstom‘s CCS Technology development
• Development of technologies with minimized impact on cost and performance (e.g. cost of electricity for a power plant).
• Optimized process and thermal integration with the base installation.
Source: Vattenfall
Pre-combustion(New only)
Solutions developed by Alstom
Post-combustion Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit) (New + retrofit)
• Chilled Ammonia• Advanced Amines
• Regenerative Calcium Cycle
• Integrated Oxy Systems
• Chemical Looping
1st Generation
2nd Generation
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 12
CO2 Separation
Absorption
Chemical
Amine
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Sterically Inhibited
Alternative Absorbent
Ammonia
Alkaline Compound
Salts of AminoAcids
Physical
Rectisol
Selexol
Other
Adsorption
Adsorber Beds
Alumina
Zeolite
Activated Carbon
Regeneration Methods
Pressure Swing A.
Temperature Swing A.
Electro-thermal Swing A.
Vacuum Swing A.
Washing
Alternative Technologies
Cryogenic
Oxy Combustion +
Distillation
Frosting / Anti-sublimation
Membranes
Gas Separation
Gas Absorption
Ceramic based
Looping
Chemical
Carbonate / RCC
Other
Ionic Liquids
Microbial/ Algal
Technology Options for Carbon Capture
Based on Oexmann J. and Kather A.: Postcombustion CO2 Separation in VGB PowerTech ½, pp 92-103, 2009
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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1st Generation – 3 Main Options for CCS from Power Plants
VGB Report on State of the Art – CO2 Capture 2009
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Technology of Choice Today - Examples• When to Choose “Post Combustion Capture Technology”
Integration in existing Power Plant Infrastructure If existing Power Plant is “CCS-Ready” If retrofit with Oxy-Combustion is not possible
• When to Choose “Oxy-Combustion Capture Technology” For new Power Plants If retrofit with Oxy Combustion is possible for existing Power Plant
• When to Choose ‘’2nd Generation Technology” today For Small Scale Plants For Demo-Plants When Technology is Available for Commercial Scale
• General decision basis (examples) CAPEX / OPEX / (Parasitic Load) Situation in existing plant (e.g. Space available, Basis of Design) Capacity of Power Plant
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Advanced Amine ProcessTechnology Overview
Advantages of Alstom’s AAP
• Proven in natural gas & syngas purification
• CO2 capture from flue gas is a new application
• More efficient capture of CO2 and less solvent degradation than MEA
• Higher tolerance against oxygen & trace contaminants Source: Alstom
Principle
• An amine based solvent reacts with the CO2 in the flue gas
• Raising the temperature reverses this reaction, the CO2 is released and the solvent recycled
• 2R-NH2 + CO2 (g) -> R-NH3+ + R-NH-COO- (1)
Joint Development A strong team to develop a new application
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 16
Simplified Process Schematic of the Advanced Amine Process (AAP)
Flue GasFrom FGD
Clean Flue GasTo Stack
CO2
Absorber
Reboiler
AmineRegenerator
Column
LeanCooler
Lean/RichX Exchanger
Rich SolutionPump
CO2 Absorption CO2 Regeneration
PressurizedCO2
CO2 Compressor
Flue GasWater
Rich Solution
Lean Solution
CO2
Water Wash Pump
Water Wash Cooler
Lean SolutionPump
CO2
Cooler
CO2 Drying System
CO2 toPipeline
AmineFilter
AmineReclaimer
Advanced Amine Process (AAP)Process description
Simplified Process Schematic of the Advanced Amine Process (AAP)
DCC
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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PilotPilot CommercialCommercialIndustrial / ValidationIndustrial / Validation Large-scaledemonstration
Large-scaledemonstration
University of Texas USA
2007 2009 2011
Advanced Amine Process Update on Alstom roadmap
Dow Chemical Co. USA - 2MWth, Coal
EdF Le HavreFrance - 5 MWth, Coal
PGE BelchatowPoland - 260 MWe net, Lignite
Tests completedTargetedIn operationIn construction
2014-2015
Moving forward to scale-up the technology
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 18
Advanced Amine Process Field Pilot - Le Havre
C2A2 - field pilot - Le Havre - France• Designed to capture 25 t CO2/ day, 90%
CO2 capture
• Advanced flow scheme & operation validation
• Flue gas: slipstream from 600 MWe coal plant (EdF host facility)
• French funding by ADEME
• Project schedule
- Overall 2010-2013 program
- Test from Q3 12 to Q2 13 (1 year)
EdF Le Havre coal power plant(field pilot represented in orange)
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Advanced Amine ProcessLarge scale demonstration - Belchatow
Belchatow - Large scale - Poland - PGE
• MOU Alstom - PGE Elektrownia Belchatow
• Large-scale CCS demonstration facility 260 MWe net
• Host facility 850 MW lignite unit (built by Alstom)
• 1.8 Mt CO2 to be captured and stored per year
• Selected for EERP funding, preselected for NER300
• Project schedule:
– Engineering for permitting completed
– 2012: Finalizing Contract
– Target for operation 2015Belchatow Power PlantReaching large scale demonstration phase
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Principle
• Ammonium carbonate solution reacts with CO2 of cooled flue gas to form ammonium bicarbonate
• Raising the temperature reverses this reaction, pressurized CO2 is released, the solution is recycledCO2 (g) == CO2 (aq) (1)(NH4)2CO3 (aq) + CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) == 2(NH4)HCO3 (aq) (2)(NH4)HCO3 (aq) == (NH4)HCO3 (s) (3)(NH4)2CO3 (aq) == (NH4)NH2CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) (4)
Chilled Ammonia ProcessTechnology Overview
Advantages
• High CO2 purity
• Tolerant to oxygen and flue gas impurities
• Stable reagent, no degradation nor emission of trace contaminants
• Low-cost, globally available reagent
A perfect match
Side reactionsSO2 (g) + 2NH3 (g) + H2O (aq) == (NH4)2SO3 (aq) (5)(NH4)2SO3 (aq)+ 1/2O2 (g) == (NH4)2SO4 (aq) (6)
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 21
CO2 is captured from flue gas by direct contact with lean ammoniated solution. Rich ammoniated solution is heated in a regeneration system operated at pressure to release CO2. Regenerated solution is returned to the absorber where it is re-used the capture CO2.
Gas Cooling
and Cleaning
Flue Gas from FGD
CO2
CO2Regenerator CO2
Clean CO2 to Storage
Flue Gas from CAP
Reagent
CO2
Rich
ReagentLean
Scrubbed Flue Gas
He
at
Tra
nsfe
r
Cooled Flue Gas
CO2
CO2Absorber
Heat and Pressure
Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP)Process Description
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 22
American Electric PowerMountaineer Power PlantCCS Product Validation FacilityNew Haven, WV
To Absorber
Thermal Consumers
Electrical Consumers
Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP)Process description
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 23
Roadmap to scale-up promising Chilled Ammonia!
Test RigsTest Rigs Validation Pilots
Validation Pilots
CommercialCommercialIndustrial Pilots
Industrial Pilots
Large-scaledemonstration
Large-scaledemonstration
Alstom Vaxjö Sweden0.25 MWth
We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - 5 MWth, Coal
EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth, Oil
AEP Mountaineer USA - 58 MWth, Coal
TCM Mongstad Norway - 40 MWth, Gas
Getica Turceni FeasabilityRomania - >250 Mwe net, Lignite
20152006 2008 2009
Tests completedTargetedIn operationIn construction
Chilled Ammonia Process Update on Alstom roadmap
Datang - Dongying(Post AAP or CAP) China - 350 MWeeq. , coal - MOU
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Mountaineer - Validation coal pilot - USA WV- AEP
• Validation of complete CCS Chain
• Designed to capture & store 100,000 tCO2/year
• Commenced engineering and permitting Oct07
• First CO2 captured in Sept 09,
• Captured CO2 sequestered into through two wells on the plant property, first injection started 1st of October 2009
• Alstom responsible for CAP island (others by AEP)
−Approx 52000 tons of CO2 captured
−Approx 37000 tons of CO2 stored
−CO2 product quality : 99.94%
−Capture rate: 90% validated
−Low ammonia emissions observed
Chilled Ammonia ProcessValidation Pilot - AEP Mountaineer
Alstom’s Chilled Ammonia Process at AEP’s PP
Tests completed - Technology validated – Ready for scale-up
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 25
Chilled Ammonia Process Validation Pilot – Mongstad Norway
CCS technology validation on gas
Amine Plant – Aker Solution
Chilled Ammonia Plant – ALSTOM
• European CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM)
• Flue gases from natural gas CHP plant and a catalytic
cracker (refinery)
• Designed to capture 80 000 tons CO2/year
• Mechanical Completion and
Commissioning finished
• Started up July 2012
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 26
Chilled Ammonia ProcessDemonstration project at Turceni
Romanian CCS Demonstration Project•Integrated CCS demo: 1.5 Mtpa CO2
– Capture: 85% minimum capture– Transport: onshore pipeline – Storage: deep saline aquifers (>800m) within a
radius of 50 km •Developers-Operators:
– Capture: Turceni Energy Complex – Transport: Transgaz– Storage: Romgaz
•Technical Consortium: – Project Management and Technical & Financial
Consultant: ISPE (Institute for Studies and Power Engineering)
– Capture Plant: Alstom– Storage: GeoEcoMar, Schlumberger
•Alstom feasibility study completed•Candidate for NER 300 funding
Turceni Power Plant4x330 MW
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Oxy-Combustion ProcessTechnology Overview
An excellent technological option !
Advantages• Reliability• Adaptable to all boiler types and fuels • Rapid scale-up to 1,000 MWe range • Retrofit feasible• Higher efficiency with supercritical/ultra-
supercritical cycles• Suitable for Coal and Gas fired power plants
Principle • Fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and re-circulated flue-gas. Due to the absence of Nitrogen,
the resulting flue gas is enriched in CO2• After water condensing and further purification, CO2 is compressed and send to storage
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 28
Oxy GPU – Design and Typical ConditionsExample for Coal fired Power Plants for EOR and Sequestration Quality
H2O H2O
H2O
CO2
Com
p.
Pum
p
FGC
Purif
icat
ion
Dryi
ng
CO2
Cond
/Dis
t
CO2
Sepa
rato
r
Rege
ne-
ratio
n
CO2to T&S
Offgas
vented
DCCBoiler
flue gas
Design for CO2 to saline formation :• CO2 feed quality %volCO2,dry > 75 • CO2 separation by condensation• Compression, chilling and pumping to the conditions
necessary for transport and storage• Product quality : %volCO2 > 95 %
Residual Oxygen < 0,8 %• CO2 Capture Rate > 90%
Design for CO2 with EOR quality :• Addition of distillation for CO2 separation• Product quality : vol-%CO2 > 99 %
Residual Oxygen < 10 ppm
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Gas Processing Unit (DCC and GPU)
Main process steps :
• Direct Contact Cooler (DCC)reduces H2O to <5%
• Multi Stage Flue Gas Compression to >30 bar
• Conditioning and Drying• Regeneration Gas System• Chilling and CO2
Separation• Off-gas System• CO2 Recompression
Downstream of the oxy-boiler and the AQCS the flue gas is treated to reach the necessary CO2 purity according product specification.
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 30
Moving forward to scale-up the technology
Oxy-Combustion Process Update on Alstom roadmap
Coming
Commercial
2017/18
White Rose 426 MWe g - Selby (UK)
90’sR&D and Lab
scaleLarge –scale
demonstration
In operation
Alstom BSF USA - 15 MWth,
Vattenfall Schwarze PumpeGermany - 30 MWth,
Total LacqFrance - 30 MWth,
GPU mobile pilot
Pilots
2008 2012
Daqing 350 MWe g Datang (China)
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 31
(source: Vattenfall)Schwarze Pumpe Pilot
Oxy-Combustion Process Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe – 30 MWth pilot
Experience makes success possible
Boiler
FGC CO2 Compression
Air Separation Unit
CO2 Purification
Control Room
FGD
ESP
Boiler
FGC CO2 Compression
Air Separation Unit
CO2 Purification
Control Room
FGD
ESP
Objective• Demonstration of the technology path at
pilot scale
Alstom-Scope• Oxy-boiler, ESP and other components
• Technology Partnership with Vattenfall
Status of Operation• Start of operation: Sept 2008
• Test with Alstom Burners completed
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 32
Main features
• Retrofit to oxy-combustion of a 30 MWthexisting boiler (natural gas)
• Located in SW of France
• Oxy-combustion process started Jul 09
• End test expected end 2012 (18 mthsextension of the original programme)
• Approx 120,000 t CO2 to be stored in a depleted gas field
• ALSTOM scope : Boiler retrofit30 MWt retrofitted Boiler – Lacq, France(source: Total)
First fully integrated CCS with pipeline transportation & storage
Oxy-Combustion Process TOTAL Lacq - 30 MWth Pilot
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 33
Main features
• Located at the Alstom Power PlantLaboratory (PPL) in Windsor, CT, USA
• 15 MWth oxy-fuel boiler simulation facility (BSF), multi-burner arrangement(tangential firing system)
• 15 MWth oxy-fuel industrial scale single burner test facility (ISBF)
• Bituminous coals and lignites
• Modification of the existing BSF and ISBF test facilities with support from the US Department of Energy (DOE)
• Started testing in Sept. 09
• Oxygen supply via tanks
• Wet and dry flue gas recycle optionsBoiler Simulation Facility (BSF)
Oxy-Combustion Process Alstom Windsor – 15 MW Pilot
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 34
• GPU Compression and Purification Pilot at Växjö, Tests to follow in Windsor
Oxy-Combustion Process GPU Pilot in Växjö
Compression Pilot
Purification Pilot
Removal of gas impurities and separation of CO2 at high pressure
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 35
Project Snapshot Datang
• New supercritical 350MWe Gross Oxy Boiler Island with 2-pass BoilerLocal Lignite (30%+ moisture) as fuel
• Clean power generation with the entire flue gas treated to capture ~2 Million t/y CO2, partly re-use in EOR (Daqing oilfields)
• Located at Daqing site, Heilongjiang, northeast China
• Regional CO2 transport & onshore storage network under investigation
• Project development activities on-going, Feasibility Study finalized
Feasibility Study for Oxy-fuel CCS Demo in China
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 36
Me or
CaS
Carbonate Looping - RCC:„Post Combustion“
CO2, H2O
Air Reactor
1050°C
Fuel Reactor
970°C
MeO or
CaSO4
Air
N2
Coal
Chemical Looping:„Advanced Oxyfuel“
Carbonator650°C
Calciner>900°C
Flue gas
Flue gas lean in CO2
CaCO3
CaO
Coal
CO2, H2O
O2
Comparison 2nd Generation CCS Chemical and Carbonate Looping
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 37
Chemical Looping Process
A Promissing Breakthrough Technology
Principle• Solid oxygen carrier circulates between Air Reactor and Fuel Reactor: Carrier picks up O2 in the Air
Reactor, leaves N2 behind and burns the fuel in the Fuel Reactor• Typically, Oxygen Carriers can be metal oxide or limestone-based. Alstom is developing both types
Advantages• Avoids large costs and
parasitic power of ASU • Captures CO2 at
temperatures higher than the power cycle temperatures, eliminating thermodynamic penalty associated with CO2 capture
• Uses conventional material of construction and fabrication techniques
• Largely based on Alstom’s proven CFB technology
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 38
Oxy-Combustion - Chemical Looping ProcessAlstom development logic
10-100 kWth Pilot
10-100 kWth Pilot
1-3MWth Prototype1-3MWth Prototype
10 - 50 MWe Demonstration 10 - 50 MWe
Demonstration
2014-2015
2004
2011
Tests completed
Coming
In commissioningIn construction
Chalmers University Test Rig Sweden - 10kWth
Alstom Windsor Test rigUSA - 65 kWth test rig
Phase IV DOE/Alstom Programme, WindsorUS - 3 MWth, Coal.Long-term agreement with DoE
Eclair Darmstadt Germany - 1 MWth, CoalEuropean RFCS funding
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 39On-going CCS projects – jfl – 15 Nov 2010
Oxy-Combustion ProcessECLAIR – EU program - 1 MWt prototype (Darmstadt)
TECHN SCHEIUN VERS TÄTI IDARMSTADT
ECLAIR – Chemical looping – 1 MWth - Coal
RFCS – EU contract Coordination and Technical Integration: AlstomContractors : TU Darmstadt, Chalmers Univ., CSIC,
SINTEF, Air Liquide, Vattenfall
48 months program:
Design of main components: July 09
End of Commissioning : Feb 11
First tests with coal : March 11
Main objectives: Design and operation of a CLC 1 MWth pilot with
coal solid fuelTechnical and economical assessment
Total budget: 6.5 M€ - RFCS Funding : 2.27 M€
Fuel reactor
Air Reactor
Dedicated building Darmstadt (GER)
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC)2nd Generation OXY
• CLC is an energy-efficient, clean combustion process that produces steam-based power generation or clean hydrogen fuel while capturing CO2 for storage/re-use.
• CLC is similar to oxy-combustion in terms of producing a high CO2 concentration flue gas, but achieves this with the use of solid O2 carriers, rather than the conventional, costly and inefficient cryogenic air separation.
• CLC is a "game changing" technology in terms of overall efficiency and cost. It is the lowest cost (cost of electricity, or COE) CO2 solution identified to date for coal.
DOE/Alstom WindsorUS – 3 MWth
Chemical looping -coal
RFCS EU -Darmstadt Germany – 1 MWth
Chemical looping - coal
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 41
Excursion: What is Regenerative Calcium Cycle – RCC ?
The Feed
The ProductCaCO3
CaCO3 + CaO
RCC - Limestone to Lime
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 42
Carbonate Looping RCC Process
CARBONATOR650°C
CALCINER900°C
CaO
CaCO3
CO2 to compressionCO2 depleted flue gas
Flue gas from power plant with CO2
Ashdeactivated lime
Make-up CaCO3(limestone)
Oxygen
CoalCaO +CO2 CaCO3
CaCO3 CaO +CO2
O2 supply to calciner (~1/3 of an Oxyfuel process)
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 43
Flow Chart and 3D-ModellCarbonate Looping Pilot
Arrangement of 1 MWt Pilot
Flow chart - 1 MWth Pilot
Height20 m
Carbonate/ Chemical Looping Test Plant TU-Darmstadt
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 44
Potential breakthrough PCC technology for PP and industrialapplications
− Increased plant net output − Less external energy requirements
First tests passed successful at TU-Darmstadt in 1 MWth Pilot
Limestone
Applications Scheme for Retrofit
O2Ca
rbon
ator
Calc
iner
Coal
CO2
CaO
CaCO3
CaOCaCO3
CO2 captured by CaOCaO +CO2 CaCO3
CaCO3 CaO + CO2CON
D
Q ESP Off
gas
Q
ASU
Q
Q
Power Plant
CementIron & Steel
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will dependon the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS Seminar Taiwan – Ludger Schlueter
RCC CO2 emissions from cement production
Fuels 35 to 40%
Fuels 60 to 65%
Flue Gas • CO2 25%+
• O2 6%• N2 69%
Clinker + Additives -> CEMENT
Raw Meal• Limestone• Clay • Sand • Iron ore 2- PRECALCINER
80 to 90% calcination
1- PREHEATING
3- ROTARY KILNCaO & raw mat.sintered at high T° into clinker
CO2 from calcination : 60% direct emissionsCaCO3 -> CaO + CO2 at high T°
CO2 from fuel comb’n : 40% direct emissions
CO2 direct emission sources i) calcination (60%) ii) fuel (40%)
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 46Development Strategy for 2nd Generation CCS - P 46
Flue Gas from
Power Plant,
Cement Plant,Iron & Steel, …
Applications Scheme for Retrofit
CO2 captured by CaOCaO +CO2 CaCO3
CaCO3 CaO +CO2
Potential breakthrough PCC technology for Power Plants and Industrial solutions with increased plant net output. First tests passed successful at TU-Darmstadt in 1 MWth Pilot
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Presentation title - 31/07/2012 - P 47
2nd Generation TechnologiesThe ALSTOM Contribution
• ALSTOM has a vast experience in design & construction of fluidized circulating bed systems and also indirect fired calciners
• Despite pure coal combustion also other solid materials handling has been engineered
− Use of sand to adjust ash properties− Limestone injection in CFB boilers for
sulfur removal
BAIMA - China 1 x 300 MW
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Presentation title - 31/07/2012 - P 48
Summary RCC
• RCC is a robust and competitive Post Combustion Capture technology
• Eligible to CCS-ready, retrofit on power and industrial plants
• Electrical power output of total plant increases
• Potential for lower net cycle efficiency penalty
• Confirmed CO2 capture rate of > 80 and up to 90% achievable
• Consumed lime/limestone to be re-used (e.g. in cement process)
• Addition of fresh limestone consumed to be confirmed in further testing
• Great optimization potential through integration
• Strong interest from Power and Industry
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 49
Tests complete
Vattenfall Schwarze-Pumpe Germany-
30 MWth Oxy - Lignite
Dow Chemical Co. US -2 MWth
Adv. Amines - coal
Datang- ChinaOxy 350 MWe lignite,
Post 350 MWe eq. coalAlstom BSF Windsor
US - 15 MWthOxy - coals
Getica - CET TurceniRoumania – >250MWe Chilled
ammonia - Lignite
PGE BelchatowPoland – 260 MWe
Adv. Amines - Lignite
DOE/Alstom WindsorUS – 3 MWth
Chemical looping -coal
2nd Gen
NER300
NER300
Selected for receiving EEPR funding
NER300: Applied for EU ETS New Entrant Reserve funding
EoN KarlshamnSweden - 5 MWth
Chilled Ammonia–Fuel oil
WE – EnergieUS - 5 MWth
Chilled Ammonia, Coal
AEP MountaineerUS - 58 MWth
Chilled Ammonia, coal
Total LacqFrance - 30 MWth
Oxy - Gas
Operating
Alstom Labs VäxjöSweden – 0.25 MWthPost C. – multi purpose
Large-scale projects-under development
White Rose CCS ProjectUK - 426 MWe
Oxy – coal
NER300
Construction complete, Operation 12
TCM MongstadNorway - 40 MWth
Chilled Ammonia - Gas
EDF – Le HavreFrance – 5 MWth Adv. Amines - Coal
Alstom activity on demonstration 1st and 2nd Generation CCS
RFCS EU -Darmstadt Germany – 1 MWth
Chemical looping - coal
2 GenTask reaching Demo Scale
Alstom GPU Pilot Mobile – 0,3 MWth
CO2 Purification
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 50
Oxy-combustion
Schwarze Pumpe (Germany)–Lignite 70’000 t/y
Tests complete Operating
Lacq (France) – Gas 60’000 t/y
CO2 capture and storageProjects and partnerships
30 MWth
30 MWthAlstom Windsor (US) – Coals Eq +/-30’000 t/y15 MWth
White Rose CCS demo (UK)- Coal –Application NER300 2’000’000 t/y426 MWe
Chemical Looping (Germany)-Coal 2’000 t/y eq.1 MWthChemical Looping(USA) - Coal 6’000 t/y eq.3 MWth2nd Gen
Daqing (China)– Lignite Feasibility study signed >1’000’000 t/y350 MWe
tCO2 captured
Mountainer (US)–Coal–Chilled Ammonia 100’000 t/y
Pilot West Virginia (US) – coalJoint development programme – Adv. Amines
Post-combustion
Mongstad (Norway) – Gas –Chilled Ammonia 80’000 t/y
Pleasant Prairie (US) – coalChilled Ammonia 15’000 t/y
Karlshamm (Sweden) – Fuel/GasChilled Ammonia 15’000 t/y
Le Havre (France)–Coal– Adv. Amines
1’800 t/y
8’000 t/y
Belchatow (Poland) – LigniteAdv. amines - FEED complete – Application NER 300 >1’800’000 t/y
58 MWth
40 MWth
5 MWth
5 MWth
2 MWth
5 MWth
260 MWe
Getica-Turceni (Romania) – LigniteChilled Ammonia-feasibility study– Application NER 300 >1’500’000 t/y250 MWe
Dongying (China) – Coal - MoU signed >1’000’000 t/y350 MWe
Under construction
Alstom labs Växjö (Sweden) – multi-purp. 400 t/y eq.0.25 MWth
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS-ready
CO2 regulation to be developed
CO2 regulation already applied
No CO2 regulation to date, IFIs only
Scope: Coal & Gas fossil plants >300 Mwe Requirement is an assessment of: availability of suitable storage sites, technical and economical feasibility of CO2 capture andtransport Suitable space for future CO2 capture
UK requires CCS-Readiness (not assessment only)
European Union
Federal: Requirement to be defined for all new coal PPs
Queensland: the requirements for all new coal PPs are: Use of world’s best practice low emission technologies CCS-ready + retrofit within 5 yrs after CCS validation
NSW & WA: recommendation for all coal power plants: Implement CCS if economically & technically feasible
Australia
International Financial Institutions Looking at CCS readiness as a requisit to finance
Coming requirements to be able to meet CO2 reduction
target in the future
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 52
Capture-Ready studyIdentified pre-investments for future capture retrofit - Coal
Alstom Capture Ready solutions developed upon three pillars: Early and substantial investment in Capture technologies development Integrated power plant expertise (EPC supplier of turnkey power plant) Component supplier experience (major equipt in 25% of the world installed base)
Partnership with Schlumberger to cover the entire CCS chain
Provisions in arrangement planning
Steam Turbine:reservations in turbine design for future
steam extraction
Steam Turbine:reservations in turbine design for future
steam extraction
Electrical & Control Building:
Extra space
Electrical & Control Building:
Extra space
Transformer Area:installing an isolated bus
Transformer Area:installing an isolated bus
Stack duct:potential longer
stack duct
Stack duct:potential longer
stack duct
Waste Water Treatment System: foresee interconnection with power block WWTS Waste Water Treatment System: foresee interconnection with power block WWTS
FGD:leaving space for upgrade
FGD:leaving space for upgrade
Optimisation of theBoiler heat transfer surfaces
according Modificationsof heat load sharing
Optimisation of theBoiler heat transfer surfaces
according Modificationsof heat load sharing
Optimisation of the cooling system recovery of heat in CO2 capture and
compression
Optimisation of the cooling system recovery of heat in CO2 capture and
compression
Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 52
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 53
Under realistic assumptions and with a conservative variation range, CCS is already competitive on coal and gas from 2017
CCS competitiveness against other low carbon alternatives in Europe in 2012-17
Source : Alstom analysis 2012. CCS Post amine 2017 costs, including on shore T&S and CO2 price (Flue Gas Recirculation case for CCS Gas CC) - Cost for firming intermittent Power Generation not accounted
Íncludes 14 EUR/t CO2 price
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 54
Hardcoal CCS power plantSensitivity analysis - CoE 2032
Fuel cost, Economic life, WACC have a strong impact
EUR 2032
Base case: Post amine, on-shore T&S, no CO2 price
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 55
EURCoE €/MWh net
Hardcoal CCS power plantCost of Electricity (CoE) without CO2 Price
NAM SEA
• All with T&S in on-shore saline aquifer
EUR 2032: CCS => +45% increase in CoE; NAM/SEA: lower CoE
CoE €/MWh net CoE €/MWh net
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 56
Hardcoal CCS power plantFuel and Capex/Opex contribution in CoE
€ / MWh net
CoE Ref Plant & Incremental CCS in 2030
Regional differences in Fuel, Capex/Opex costs
High capex, expensive coal Cheap coal, lower efficiency low Capex, expensive coal
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 57
Hardcoal CCS Power Plant Post AmineCO2 price impact, base case on-shore T&S
2025: CO2 price 42 €/tCO2 => ref & CCS plants CoE = 82 €/MWh A relatively low CO2 price could trigger the CCS deployment
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
P 58
Conclusion
Alstom: a key partner in CCS!
• Fossil Plants will still remain for several decades
• Reducing CO2 emissions from these plants is an absolute need to limit global warming to 2 °C (the current path leads to 6°C !)
• CCS is the only alternative to do it. It is competitive and affordable on both gas and coal
• Alstom is currently developing CO2 capture technologies and is on the good path to commercialise the technology by 2016-17
• Large scale demonstrators must happen now to validate the technology on time
• Policy instruments are needed to support demonstration and early commercial phases (ex: FITs...)
• Retrofitable CCS technologies and CCS-Ready are also a must to reach CO2 target
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
VT-HS-MA - Entkarbonisierung der Stromerzeugung durch CCS - 02/Okt/2009 - P 60
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60%Overall Plant Efficiency
Spec
ific
CO2-
Emiss
ions
[g
/kW
h]
Lignite
Hard Coal
Natural Gas
Hard Coal with20% Biomasse
Service and Retrofit New equipment
Backup CO2 reduction of new and existing units
CO2-Reduction through High Efficiency and Smart Fuel Selection
Average Germany
New Plants2009 New Plants
2020
New Plants2009
Production efficiency