co-ordination and controling
TRANSCRIPT
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CONTROLLING and
COORDINATING
PREPARED BY:
Padum Chetry
Pragya Haloi
Upasana Madhukalya
Govinda Roy
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CONTENTSCONTROLLING
Concept: meaning, definition Features, steps
Major control techniquesEssentials of an effective control system
Importance
COORDINATION
Meaning, definition and featuresImportance and Principles
Major coordination techniques
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CONTROLLING
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CONTROLLING
- Management control refers to setting of predetermined standards, comparing actual performance with these standards and if required, taking corrective actions to ensure the achievement of organizational goals.
‘‘Managerial control implies the measurement of accomplishment against the standard and the correction of deviations to assure attainment of objectives according to plans.’’ -Koontz and O’Donnell
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Features: Determines standards, norms and goals
Fundamental management function.
It is all pervasive.
Continuous activity. It is related to results.
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STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF CONTROLLING
1.Setting performance standards
2.Measurement of actual performance against standards.
3.Identification of deviations.
4.Analysis of deviations.
5.Initiating corrective actions.
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Techniques of controlling:
a)Past oriented and future oriented
b)Market control, bureaucratic control and clan control
c)Old control and new control techniques
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1. Personal Observation2. Statistical Reports3. Break – even analysis4. Budgetary control
Traditional techniques
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1. Return on Investment (ROI)2. Management Audit3. Management Information System(MIS)4. Zero-based Budgeting (ZBB)5. PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique)/CPM(Critical Path Method)6. Ratio Analysis7. Responsibility Accounting
Modern techniques
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Essentials of an effective control system
• Suitable• Timely and forward looking• Objective and comprehensible• Flexible• Economical• Prescriptive and operational• Acceptable to organization members• Reveal exceptions at strategic points• Motivate people to high performance • Should not lead to less attention to other
aspects• Should be periodically reviewed and
evaluated
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Importance of controlling:
Accomplishing organizational goals
Judging accuracy of standards
Making efficient use of resources
Improving employee motivation
Ensuring order and discipline
Facilitating coordination in action
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANNING AND CONTROLLING
PLANNING identifies action and CONTROLLING ensures that those actions are
carries out properly.
Poor control system is followed by failure of plans and effective control system
reinforces the present plans.
Controlling helps the managers in either revising their plans or abandoning them
altogether.
Framing plans presume the existence of a well designed control system and the controlling function similarly presumes the existence of plans which are well
within the reach of the organization
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COORDINATION
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COORDINATION
- an orderly arrangement of group efforts to maintain harmony among individuals efforts towards the accomplishment of common goals of an organization.
‘‘Coordination is to harmonize all the activities of persons in order to facilitates its working and its success” -Henry Fayol Features: Continuous activity Dynamic process Integrates group efforts Responsibility of all managers Ensures unity of action A deliberate function
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Principles: Mary Parker Follet has suggested the following principles of coordination:
Principle of Early Start
Principle of Direct Contact
Principle of Reciprocal Relationship
Principle of Continuity
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BASIC COORDINATING TECHNIQUES
1. Rules, Procedures and Policies 2. Planning
3. Hierarchy
RULES, PROCEDURES AND POLICIESStandard policies, procedures and rules are laid down to
cover all possible situations.
PLANNINGPlanning ensures coordinated effort. Strategic planning
does the task of relating the organization to the environment so as to reduce uncertainty and the need for
strict coordination.
HierarchyIt is the oldest as well as simplest device for achieving
coordination. By putting interdependent units under one boss, some coordination among their activities is
ensured.
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Importance of Coordination: To harmonize conflicts
Total accomplishments
Emphasizes human relation
Retention of good personnel
Promotes stability, growth and prosperity of the organization
Efficiency and economy
“COORDINATION IS THE VERY ESSENCE OF MANAGEMENT !!!”
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Thank YOU