cloud unit 1

7/30/2019 Cloud Unit 1

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byB. Hari Prasad, Asst.Prof,

CSE Dept. [email protected]

Gopallapuram, Renigunta-Srikalahasti road, Tirupati


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Introductory concepts and overview

Parallel Computing Architectures


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Parallel Computing

Symmetric multi processing

Massively parallel processing systems

High performance Cluster computing

Grid computing


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Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP)

Processing of programs by multiple processors that share a

common operating system and memory

Tightly Coupled Multi Processing

Dosen't exceed more than 16 Processors

SMP is better than MMP systems when Online Transaction

Processing is Done, in which many users can access the same

database to do a search with a relatively simple set of common

transactions

Its ability to dynamically balance the workload among computers


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Massively Parallel Processing (MPP)

Processing of programs by multiple processors that work on different parts

of the program and share different operating systems and memories

Different Processors communicate with each other through message interfaces

Upto 200 processors which run for a single application

InterConnect arrangement of data paths allows messages to be sent between

different processors

loosely coupled

Better than an SMP for applications that allow a number of databases to be

searched in parallel.


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Cluster Computing

A set of loosely connected computers work together as a single systemcluster are usually connected to each other through fast local area networks

Each node consists its own operating system

To improve performance and availability over that of a single computer

Characteristics of Cluster computing Tightly coupled system

Single system image

Centralized Job management & scheduling system
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network


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Grid Computing

Is the federation of computer resources from multiple administrative

domains to reach a common goal

More loosely coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically dispersed

Grids are a form of distributed computing whereby a super virtual

computer is composed of many networked loosely coupled computers

acting together to perform large tasks.

Characteristics of Grid Computing Loosely coupled (Decentralization)

Diversity and Dynamism

Distributed Job Management & scheduling

Areas of Grid Computing and it's applications for modeling and computing1.Predictive Modeling and Simulations

2.Engineering Design and Automation

3.Energy Resources Exploration

4.Medical, Military and Basic Research

5.Visualization


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Difference Between Cluster Computing VS. Grid Computing

Cluster Grid

Homogenous Heterogeneous

single location LAN, metropolitan or WAN

All nodes behave like a single

system view

Every node is autonomous

Tightly coupled systems Loosely coupled

Centralized Decentralization

Centralized Job management &

scheduling system

Distributed Job Management &

scheduling


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Distributed computing

Distributed computing also refers to the use of distributed systems to

solve computational problems

Consists of multiple autonomous computers that communicate through a

computer network

Distributed computing, a problem is divided into many tasks, each ofwhich is solved by one or more computers

IN parallel computing, all processors may have access to a shared

memory to exchange information between processors.

IN distributed computing, each processor has its own private memory

(distributed memory). Information is exchanged by passing messages

between the processors

Parallel Computing VS. Distributed Computing


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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)


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Set of principles and methodologies for designing and developing

software in the form of interoperable services


SOA design principles are used during the phases of systems

development and integration.

Service-orientation requires loose couplingof services with operatingsystems and other technologies that underlie applications

Services and their corresponding consumers communicate with each

other by passing data in a well-defined, shared format, or by co

ordinating an activity between two or more services

SOA defines how to integrate widely disparate applications for a Web-

based environment and uses multiple implementation platforms. Rather

than defining an API, SOA defines the interface in terms of protocols and

functionality


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Virtualization

Creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as ahardware platform, operating system (OS), storage device, or network

resources.

physical computer is actual machine, both subjectively (from theuser's point of view) and objectively (from the hardware system

administrator's point of view), a virtual machine is subjectively acomplete machine (or very close), but objectivelymerely a set of filesand running programs on an actual, physical machine

Types of virtualization

HardwareSoftwareMemoryStorageDataNetwork
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system


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HardwarevirtualizationHardware virtualizationorplatform virtualizationrefers to the creation of avirtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system

Hardware virtualization, the host machine is the actual machine on whichthe virtualization takes place, and the guest machineis the virtual machine.

Different types of hardware virtualization include

Full virtualization

Partial virtualizationPara virtualization
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine


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Software virtualization

Operating system-level virtualization, hosting of multiple virtualized

environments within a single OS instance.

Application virtualization and workspace virtualization, the hosting of

individual applications in an environment separated from the underlying

OS.

Service virtualization, emulating the behavior of dependent (e.g., third-

party, evolving, or not implemented) system components that are needed

to exercise an application under test (AUT) for development or testing

purposes.


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Memory

Memory virtualization, aggregating Random Access Memory resourcesfrom networked systems into a single memory pool.

Virtual memory, giving an application program the impression that it has

contiguous working memory, isolating it from the underlying physical

memory implementation.

Memory over commitment, allows a computer to grant more memory to the

virtual machines running on it than is installed on the physical computer.

Storage

Storage virtualization, the process of completely abstracting logical

storage from physical storage.

Distributed file system

Storage hypervisor


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Data

Data virtualization, the presentation of data as an abstract layer,independent of underlying database systems, structures and storage.

Database virtualization, the decoupling of the database layer, which lies

between the storage and application layers within the application stack

over all.

Network

Network virtualization, creation of a virtualized network addressing space

within or across network subnets

cloud unit 1

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