UNIT-II

Cloud as a service: introduction – gamut of cloud solutions –

principal technologies- cloud strategy – cloud design and

implementation using SOA – conceptual cloud model – cloud service

defined. Cloud solutions: introduction – cloud ecosystem – cloud

business process management – cloud service management – on

premise cloud orchestration and provisioning engine – computing on

demand. (Chap 3,4)

TEXT BOOK

1. Dr. Kumar Saurabh “Cloud Computing-Unleashing Next Gen

Infrastructure to Application”, 3rd Edition, Wiley India Pvt Ltd,

2014.

“Cloud Computing” Prepared by Dr.P.Sumathi

Year Subject Title Sem Sub. Code

2018-19

Onwards

CLOUD COMPUTING III 18MIT34C

Introduction

Gamut of cloud solutions

Principal Technologies

Cloud Strategy

Cloud Design and Implementation using SOA

Conceptual Cloud Model

Cloud Service Defined

Chapter 3: Cloud as a service

Introduction

Cloud computing is based on Service model.

Categories of service model

The service models are categorized into three basic models:

1) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

2) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

3) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

1) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

SaaS is known as 'On-Demand Software'.

It is a software distribution model. In this model, the

applications are hosted by a cloud service provider and

publicized to the customers over internet.

In SaaS, associated data and software are hosted

centrally on the cloud server.

User can access SaaS by using a thin client through a

web browser.

CRM, Office Suite, Email, games, etc. are the software

applications which are provided as a service through

Internet.

The companies like Google, Microsoft provide their

applications as a service to the end users.

Advantages of SaaS

SaaS is easy to buy because the pricing of SaaS is based on monthly or

annual fee and it allows the organizations to access business

functionalities at a small cost, which is less than licensed applications.

SaaS needed less hardware, because the software is hosted remotely,

hence organizations do not need to invest in additional hardware.

Less maintenance cost is required for SaaS and do not require special

software or hardware versions.

Disadvantages of SaaS

SaaS applications are totally dependent on Internet connection. They are

not usable without Internet connection.

It is difficult to switch amongst the SaaS vendors.

2) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

PaaS is a programming platform for developers. This platform is generated

for the programmers to create, test, run and manage the applications.

A developer can easily write the application and deploy it directly into

PaaS layer.

PaaS gives the runtime environment for application development and

deployment tools.

Google Apps Engine(GAE), Windows Azure, SalesForce.com are the

examples of PaaS.

Advantages of PaaS

PaaS is easier to develop. Developer can concentrate on the development

and innovation without worrying about the infrastructure.

In PaaS, developer only requires a PC and an Internet connection to start

building applications.

Disadvantages of PaaS

One developer can write the applications as per the platform provided by

PaaS vendor hence the moving the application to another PaaS vendor is a

problem.

3) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

IaaS is a way to deliver a cloud computing infrastructure like server, storage,

network and operating system.

The customers can access these resources over cloud computing platform i.e

Internet as an on-demand service.

In IaaS, you buy complete resources rather than purchasing server, software,

datacenter space or network equipment.

IaaS was earlier called as Hardware as a Service(HaaS). It is a Cloud computing

platform based model.

HaaS differs from IaaS in the way that users have the bare hardware on which

they can deploy their own infrastructure using most appropriate software.

Advantages of IaaS

In IaaS, user can dynamically choose a CPU, memory storage configuration

according to need.

Users can easily access the vast computing power available on IaaS Cloud

platform.

Disadvantages of IaaS

IaaS cloud computing platform model is dependent on availability of Internet and

virtualization services.

Hypervisor

Software that enables a user to create and run one or more virtual

machines simultaneously.

Also Known as the virtual machine monitor(VMM)

Functions:

Isolation of VM

Provisioning of Resources

Starts and stops the VM

Virtualizes all hardware resources

Types:

Type 1- sometimes called a ‘Bare Metal’ hypervisor’

Type 2- sometimes called a ‘Hosted Hypervisor’

Cloud orchestration refers to the arrangement and coordination of

automated tasks resulting in a consolidated process or workflow.

Many IT operations organizations implement automation in an ad

hoc, opportunistic fashion that yields islands of automation with low

operational agility and high costs. IT operations leaders should avoid

these types of implementations, which introduce risk and result in

expensive mistakes. Cloud orchestration offers a systematic

approach that maximizes the automation benefits of agility and

reduces costs.

Why cloud orchestration?

Cloud orchestration allows businesses to accelerate delivery for new

innovations, applications, and hybrid infrastructure by orchestrating

processes across domains, systems, and teams. It also leverages a

unified portal and cloud-inspired IT service model with full-stack

automation and monitoring. This improves the customer experience

and provides error-free delivery and continuous compliance.

Cloud Orchestration vs Cloud Automation - What's the

Difference?

Cloud orchestration and cloud automation are both technologies

that help IT organizations and software developers automate

repetitive processes in the cloud, so on the surface, it seems like

they could be used interchangeably. In fact, while cloud

orchestration and automation are closely related, there are a few

key differences you should know about.

Cloud automation is a subset of cloud orchestration. When

we talk about cloud automation, we're looking at a single task and

asking "How can we automate this task"? Cloud automation tools

can automate singular processes effectively, like spinning up a

batch of virtual machines with dedicated storage or deploying

applications to the cloud with a specified configuration.

Cloud orchestration introduces and enforces a

process flow for automated activities. It allows IT

operators to take a set of automated processes and

combine them into a specified workflow that fully

automates the delivery of the service from the initial

request through to completion. Cloud orchestration is

all about process control - it uses automated tasks as

building blocks to coordinate more complex processes

that can involve multiple resources across cloud

environments to meet client requests.

SOA, or service-oriented architecture, defines a way to make software

components reusable via service interfaces. These interfaces utilize

common communication standards in such a way that they can be

rapidly incorporated into new applications without having to perform

deep integration each time.

(OR)

The Service Oriented Architecture is an architectural design which

includes collection of services in a network which communicate with

each other. The complication of each service is not noticeable to other

service. The service is a kind of operation which is well defined, self

contained that provides separate functionality such as checking

customer account details, printing bank statements etc and does not

depend on the sate of other services.

SOA provides a reference model for architecting several software

systems, especially enterprise business applications and systems.

Refer this website to know more about SOA

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/soa/soa_cloud_computin

g.htm

https://www.w3schools.in/service-oriented-architecture/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-

science/services-oriented-architecture

3.7 Cloud service Defined

The term "cloud services" refers to a wide range of services delivered

on demand to companies and customers over the internet. These

services are designed to provide easy, affordable access to applications

and resources, without the need for internal infrastructure or

hardware. From checking email to collaborating on documents, most

employees use cloud services throughout the workday, whether

they’re aware of it or not.

Cloud services are fully managed by cloud computing vendors and

service providers. They’re made available to customers from the

providers' servers, so there's no need for a company to host the

applications on its own on-premises servers.

What are the benefits of cloud services?

Key advantages of using cloud services include:

The ability to scale

Because the cloud service provider supplies all necessary infrastructure and

software, there's no need for a company to invest in its own resources or

allocate extra IT staff to manage the service. This, in turn, makes it easy for

the business to scale the solution as user needs change-whether that means

increasing the number of licenses to accommodate a growing workforce or

expanding and enhancing the applications themselves.

Lowered costs

Many cloud services are provided on a monthly or annual subscription basis,

eliminating the need to pay for on-premises software licenses. This allows

organizations to access software, storage and other services without having to

invest in the underlying infrastructure or handle maintenance and upgrades.

Increased flexibility

With cloud services, companies can procure services on an on-

demand, as-needed basis. If and when there’s no longer a need for a

particular application or platform, the business can simply cancel the

subscription or shut down the service.

Higher Speeds

An intelligent software accelerates cloud services by overcoming

problems such as unreliable networks, congestion, inefficient

protocols and malicious attacks.

Better Security

Cloud security solutions are built with the intelligence gathered from

delivering 15 to 30% of the world’s web interactions every day. Our

security experts continually analyze data from hundreds of millions

of unique IP addresses and our distributed architecture deflects,

absorbs and filters malicious requests close to the attack source.

Introduction

Cloud Ecosystem

Cloud Business Process management

Cloud Service Management

On-Premise Cloud Orchestration and

Provisioning Engine

Computing on Demand

Chapter 4: Cloud solutions

In cloud computing, a proof-of-concept, or POC, is

a method enabling end users to test a product or

application in a virtual cloud environment. POCs are

generally used as part of the sales funnel in which

sales engineers offer a hands-on virtual IT

lab environment that mimics the actual production

environment used within the organization.

For example, a cybersecurity software company that

offers cyber ranges for training purposes can

give POC access to a customer which gives the team

access to start using the cyber range product, using

the customer’s real data, in an isolated, cloud-based

environment.

There are quite a few reasons for specifically utilizing a cloud POC

solution, including:

Scalability: The cloud offers unlimited capacity to grow. There’s

no need to buy new hardware, deal with networking issues, or

install and configure another box. Using a virtual

POC solution such as CloudShare, scaling up is taken care of

automatically.

Isolation: There’s no need to worry that our production

environment will be touched. Once we are running our POC

environment in a different cloud, there is no chance that real data

will be stolen or harmed. Also, users sent POCs with CloudShare

are each given isolated environments of their own.

Analytics: With a dedicated cloud POC solution, tracking all POCs

sent and each environment’s usage is a no-brainer. By having

built-in analytics, it’s easy to see who is the most involved user and

follow up with them to increase chances of closing a deal.

Identical Environments: The cloud enables virtual

environments to be built once and replicated an unlimited

number of times. This ensures each person using the POC

environment is using the exact same copy as everyone else.

Easy Invitations: Most systems require individual invitations

to be sent out and new POCs built for each invite. With cloud-

based proof of concepts, invites are as simple as adding an email

address and clicking send.

Salesforce Integration: With most enterprises using Salesforce

today, it is essential to be able to track a prospect’s usage and

send invitations through Salesforce. CloudShare has the

integration that helps sales close faster.

4.2 Cloud Ecosystem

A cloud ecosystem is a complex system of

interdependent components that all work together to

enable cloud services.

In nature, an ecosystem is composed of living and

nonliving things that are connected and work together.

In cloud computing, the ecosystem consists of hardware

and software as well as cloud customers, cloud

engineers, consultants, integrators and partners.

For the most part, every application has its own

committed server paying little mind to the cloud

provider you utilize.

To guarantee that everything works smoothly and

proficiently, the cloud ecosystem utilizes a focal

server (otherwise known as control server) to

administer and monitor traffic and customer

requests, which eventually includes the utilization

of protocols (set of rules) and middleware (special

software).

The reason why middleware is utilized here is to

permit different networked computers in the

ecosystem to exchange information with each other.

Cloud ecosystem is shown in figure.

4.3 Cloud Business process management

Business process management (BPM) leverages

software and services to provide total visibility into our

organization’s business processes. BPM helps us to

automate, monitor and optimize continuously improve

business processes to increase efficiency and reduce

costs.

Cloud computing business process

management is the use of (BPM) tools that are

delivered as software services (SaaS) over a

network. Cloud BPM business logic is deployed on an

application server and the business data resides

in cloud storage.

How does cloud computing allow business to

more efficiently?

If you develop and sell software, cloud computing

will make it easier to run your business. Using

the cloud eliminates the need to upgrade your own IT

infrastructure and purchase new hardware. This leads

to cost reductions, lower energy bills, and fewer time

delays.

Cloud computing, often described as a stack, has a broad

range of services built on top of one another under the

name cloud

Apache CloudStack is an open-source infrastructure as a

service platform (IaaS) that allows IT departments and

service providers to offer public cloud services.

CloudStack is open source cloud computing software for

creating, managing, and deploying infrastructure cloud

services.

It uses existing hypervisor platforms for virtualization,

such as KVM, VMware vSphere, including ESXi and

vCenter, and XenServer/XCP. In addition to its own API,

CloudStack also supports the Amazon Web Services (AWS)

API[2] and the Open Cloud Computing Interface from the

Open Grid Forum

CloudStack allows administrators to implement and

manage large networks of virtual machines that run

the following hypervisors:

1. VMware

2.KVM

3.Citrix XenServer

4.Xen Cloud Platform (XCP)

5. Oracle VM server

6.Microsoft Hyper-V

4.4.1 Cloud solution characteristics

4.5.1 Benefits/Value Proposition