Closing the Gaps for Texas Closing the Gaps for Texas and Dallas County Childrenand Dallas County Children

Frances Deviney, PhDTexas KIDS COUNT Director

Center for Public Policy Priorities

Partners for ChildrenDallas, TX

July 14, 2009

Of the 450K kids in Dallas Co. Public Schools, more than two-thirds of Considered

Economically Disadvantaged

Non-economcially

Disadvantaged149,093 (33%)

Economically Disadvantaged301,099 (67%)

Source: 2008-2009 Enrollment Data, Texas Education Agency

GAPS IN ACHIEVEMENT: Fewer Economically Disadvantaged Kids in Dallas

Co. Pass the TAKS Tests

74

%

87

%

87

%

62

%68

%

79

% 86

%94

%

94

%

79

%

80

%

91

%

Reading Math Science SocialStudies

Writing AveragePassing Rate

Economically Disadvantaged Non-Economically Disadvantaged

Source: Percent Students Passing Across Grades Within Each Test, 2008 TAKS data, Texas Education Agency

How Many Economically Disadvantaged Kids Not Passing in

Dallas County?

• Reading = 32,000+

• Math = 51,000+

• Science = 23,000+

• Social Studies = 5,300+

• Writing = 5,000+

GAPS IN ATTAINMENT:

Dallas Co. Economically Disadvantaged and Minority Students Drop Out at Higher Rates

5.6

%8.1

%

21

.7%

19

.9%21

.8%

16

.5%

5.3

%

3.8

%

17

.6%

17

.2%

17

.3%

11

.4%

Overall Rate Econ. Disadv. AfricanAmerican

Hispanic White Asian/ PacificIslander

Dallas Co. Texas

Source: Class of 2007 four-year longitudinal dropout rate within group, Texas Education Agency

$50,532

$19,713

$26,415

$33,715

No High SchoolDiploma

High SchoolDiploma

Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree

Source: Median Earnings in Past 12 Months for Dallas Co. Population 25 and Over, 2007 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau (Table B20004)

GAPS IN EARNINGS:

Having a Degree Translates into Higher Annual Earnings

GAPS IN EARNINGS:

Nearly One of every Four Dallas Co. Dropouts Lives in Poverty

24%

15%

9%

4%

Less than H.S. H.S. Grad (includesequivalency)

Somecollege/Associate's

degree

Bachelor's degree orhigher

Source: Table C17003, 2007 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau

• Important to close the Achievement Gap?

• Gap caused by factors outside of school?

• Whose responsibility?

88%

77%

57% up to the school alone

Public Poll on Education

Source: Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll (2006)

Family Economic Family Economic SecuritySecurity

Texas Children: Children in

Our Community

“It is unrealistic to expect tochange schools in any deep waywithout dealing with some of theissues that arise with poverty.”

Richard Rothstein as cited in “Why Segregation Matters”

Federal Poverty Guidelines

$22,050Family of 4 < $20,650/year

$18,310Family of 3 < $17,170/year

$14,570Family of 2 < $13,690/year2009 2007

One of Every Four Dallas County Children Lives in Poverty

Source: Children ages 0-17, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau

19.9%

25.5%

23.6%

23.1%

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Dallas Co. Texas

Monthly Costs for Single-Parent, Two-Child Family in Dallas-Plano-Irving

Total Monthly Expenses = $2,866 - $3,432Source: Family Budget Estimator, CPPP, www.cppp.org/fbe

$212-$710 $798 $927

$356 $285 $288-356

Necessary Income for Single-Parent, 2-Child Family in

Dallas-Plano-Irving

Annual = $35,776 - $45,032

OR208% to 257% of FPL

Source: Family Budget Estimator, CPPP, www.cppp.org/fbe

Dallas-Plano-Irving Family Budgets vs. Federal Poverty Guidelines (FPG)

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

Single Parent,One Child

Single Parent,Two Children

Two Parents,One Child

Two Parents,Two Children

Necessary income to cover expenses w/out assistance (FBE)

Max income for basic child care (185% FPG)

Max income for Food Stamps (130% FPG)

Poverty Guidelines

Source: US DHHS; State Plan for CCDF Services fro 2007-2009; CPPP’s Family Budget Estimator (2007) expenses assumes 100% of employee and 50% of dependent premiums paid by employer.

$20,650$17,170$17,170

$13,390

$26,845$22,321$22,321

$17,407

$38,203

$31,765$31,765

$24,772

$43,723 212% FPG$39,132

228% FPG$35,776 208% FPG$29,990

213% FPG

Early Care & EducationEarly Care & Education

Early Care and Education Options for Dallas County Children

• Subsidized Child Care Enrollment (ages 0-12)

– UP 43%, to over 23K or 4.8% (2000-2007)

• Subsidized Child Care Waiting List– Over 4,200 (DWFB, SFY 2008 monthly average)

• Head Start (ages 3-4)

– UP 5%, to over 4,100 (2000-2008)

Source: Texas Workforce Commission; U.S. Administration for Children and Families

More Dallas Co. Children Going to Pre-Kindergarten

23%

12%

17%

26%

16%

19%

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

Ch

ildre

n A

ge

s 3

-4

Dallas Co. Texas

Source: Texas Education Agency

Child NutritionChild Nutrition

Texas Ranks 48th in Food Insecurity

• 1 in 6 Texas families (with 1.4M kids)

• Hungry children:– Miss more school– Less attentive– More likely to fail and be held back– More likely to drop out

Source: Nord et al. (2007); Brown et al. (2007)

Dallas Co. Participation inHunger & Nutrition Programs

• WIC (ages 0-4) UP 41% – Nearly 80K or 39% of all kids 0-4 (2000 to 2007)

• Food Stamps UP 264% – Nearly 113K or 17% of all kids (2000 to 2007)

• Free or Reduced-Price Lunch UP 46% – 286,843 kids or 70% public school students

(2000 to 2008) Source: Texas Department of Health and Human Services; Texas Department of State Health Services, Texas Department of Agriculture

Infant and Child HealthInfant and Child Health

Health Insurance for Dallas Co. Children

• Medicaid UP 21% – Nearly 196K enrolled (Aug 2003-April 2009)

• CHIP UP 16% – Over 56K enrolled (Aug 2003-May 2009)

• CHIP Perinatal UP 32%– Nearly 11K Perinates and Moms covered

(Jan 2008-Apr 2009)

Source: Texas Health and Human Services Commission

Texas Has Had the Highest Rate of Uninsured Children in the Nation for Nine Years Running

24%

24%

22%

22%

21%

21%

20%

20% 21

%

14%

13%

12%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11% 12

%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Texas  United States

Source: Kids 0-18, KIDS COUNT State-Level Data Online, Annie E. Casey Foundation

Fewer Texas Kids Receiving Health Coverage Through Parent’s Employer

57.0%52.0%

47.0%

1999 2004 2007

Source: March Supplement data, Current Population Survey, U.S. Census Bureau

Of the 49,000 MORE Uninsured Texas Kids in 2006:

Nearly 6 out of 10

live in families

with low to moderate incomes

Source: 3-year average data (2004-2006 vs. 2005-2007) for children ages 0-18, Current Population Survey, U.S. Census Bureau

“The achievement gap can besubstantially narrowed only whenschool improvement is combinedwith social and economic reform”

Richard Rothstein, “Class and Schools”

What can we do?National Health Reform

www.texasvoiceforhealthreform.org

Texas Voice for Health Reform

Principles•Affordable access to good healthcare must be available for all Americans

•A decent standard of comprehensive care must be established

•Additionally, national health reform should also address:• safe and high quality care; •costs and cost-effectiveness of health care; •consumer choice; and •eliminating barriers to care

www.texasvoiceforhealthreform.org

What can we do?Increased outreach for state work

support programs

• CHIP, Medicaid, Food Stamps, TANF – All use the same state application

• Have to have a strong local support system in place because . . .– Eligibility system in crisis

• Local support network should . . . – Get families in the system (only 1st page of app. required)– Follow families to make sure they turn in whole application– Let families know about expedited process

• Family Economic Security– child tax credits– lengthened time on unemployment– assistance in paying for insurance through COBRA

• Early Childhood Education– Total ARRA Child Care allocations for FY2009 for Dallas

WFB = $18.5M• Texas Rising Star Provider Certification• Teacher and director training• Increase capacity or to obtain licensure for infant and toddler car• Materials to improve the quality of child care

What can we do? Access available ARRA $

What can we do?

Continue to support schools by supporting

community-based school improvement efforts

Sustained & Balanced Investment

by the Community in the Community

is the Key

Let’s make sure we’re not shortchanging our children.

www.cppp.org/kidscount

Contact InformationContact Information

Frances Deviney, PhD

Texas KIDS COUNT Director

deviney@cppp.org

(512) 320-0222 ext. 106

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