climatology [autosaved]

8/13/2019 Climatology [Autosaved]

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OOTACAMUND

CLIMATIC ZONE : Cold and cloudy

LATITUDE :11 o24 N

LONGITUDE : 76o

44 E ALTITUDE :2249m above mean sea level

ANNUAL MEAN MAX. TEMPERATURE:19.5 oCANNUAL MEAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE:9.1 oC

ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE:14.3o

CANNUAL RANGE OF MEAN TEMPERATURE:7.5 oCANNUAL GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION:2724 kWh/m 2


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The geography of Ooty is unique owing to its location nestledamidst the district of the Nilgiris Mountain range.

The Blue Mountains spreads across the three Indian States;Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

The Nilgiris Hills form a part of a larger chain of mountains

known as the Western Ghats which are famous for their scenicbeauty.

Situated within the State of Tamil Nadu, the Nilgiris District isflanked to the North by the District of Mysore situated inKarnataka and the District of Wayanad situated in Kerala.

The Nilgiris District comprises of three sections; Ooty orOotacamund, Coonoor and Kotagiri.


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Ooty is home to soft slopes and dense forests dotted with Sholatrees with numerous orange groves, tea garden estates and coffeeplantations.

The Doddabetta Peak forms the highest point of the WesternGhats perched at a height of 2,623 meters above sea level.

Ooty houses the headquarters of the Nilgiris District that spansover a lush green area of 2,452.50 Square Kilometres.

The topography of Ooty is marked by steep and rolling hills.


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Topographical map of Ooty

1.Ooty is basically a hilly region,situated at 2249mts above meansea level

2.It lies in the western Ghats3.The topography of Ooty is marked

by steep and rolling hills

4. There are various clear streams and lakesrunning through the area5.Approx 16% of these hill are cultivated6.Due to its topography landslides are acommon occurrence


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Architecture of Ooty

popular for its varied kind of architecture. Many houses schools, colleges, hospitals built byEnglishmen during their reign.

Since very old, historically important.

fertile high altitude terrain for tea plantation. One of the most attractive factors is quaint buildings. exquisite bungalows, mansions and cottages built in

European architectural style.


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Stone House

Architectural style : European

the first bungalow constructed in Ooty.

It was built by John Sullivan and was calledKal Bangala by the tribal (Kal means stone in Tamil).

Today, it is the official residence of the Principal of

the Government Arts College, Ooty.

The tree in front of the bungalow is famouslyknown as the Sullivan's oak.


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BOTANICAL GARDEN

laid out in 1847, over 55 acres

The cork tree a 20 million year old fossilizedtree

Italian-style garden bordering aclear pool

vast variety of flowering

bushes and plants in myriadhues (exotic and ornamental),fern house with a vast range offerns and orchids, are some ofthe many highlights of thisgarden .


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St. Stephen's ChurchA Gothic structure.

It was founded in the 1820s

Ooty's first colonial structures.

The wood used in the church was procuredfrom Tipu Sultans palace at Srirangapatnam

Fernhill Palace is the erstwhile summerresidence of the Maharaja of Mysore.Its carved wooden bargeboards and

ornamental cast iron make the palaceresemble a Swiss Chalet.The palace grounds accentuate the alpinelook of the place with its manicured gardens,firs and cedars.There is also an interesting church like indoor

badminton court

St. Stephen's ChurchA Gothic structure.

It was founded in the 1820s

Ooty's first colonial structures.

The wood used in the church was procuredfrom Tipu Sultans palace at Srirangapatnam

Fernhill Palace is the erstwhile summerresidence of the Maharaja of Mysore.Its carved wooden bargeboards and

ornamental cast iron make the palaceresemble a Swiss Chalet.The palace grounds accentuate the alpinelook of the place with its manicured gardens,firs and cedars.There is also an interesting church like indoor

badminton court


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Ooty

Ootacamund (officially, Udhagamandalamsometimes abbreviated to Udhagai or Ooty, is atown, a municipality and the district capital of theNilgiris district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

This beautiful hill station of South India is called the Queen of Hills. Situated in thelap of Nilgiri hills, Ooty enjoys pleasant weather throughout the year. All the seasonsin Ooty bring different shades and add to its beauty. Spring season is the time whenOoty is completely colorful with innumerable flowers, spread on the hills and thevalley.

Country India

State Tamil NaduDistrict The NilgirisPrecipitation 1,237 millimeters (48.7 in)Avg. annual temperature 20 C (68 F)Elevation 2,249 m (7,350 ft)


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Winter

Winter months in Ooty are really coldand chilly.

Mercury further dipping to a low of4 C.

The spell of winter season lasts fromOctober to February.

The entire hill town is enveloped infog, which gives it a mesmerizingfeel.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Doddabetta.jpg


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Monsoons

The monsoons at Nilgiri hillsbring a new life to theplantations at Ooty.

During the rainy season Ooty is fullycovered with lush greenGrasslands.

Enjoying a drizzle or a heavy spell of rainis something which has a uniqueCharm.

From early May till

September Ooty goes through a monsoonseason.


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Recordlow C

(F) 2

(28) 2

(36) 5

(41) 8

(46) 9

(48) 8

(46) 9

(48) 8

(46) 7

(45) 6

(43) 3

(37) 0

(32) 2

(28)

Precipitation

mm(inches)

20.5

(0.807) 10.2

(0.402) 25.8

(1.016) 75.4

(2.969) 147.5

(5.807) 136.7

(5.382) 181.1(7.13)

123.7(4.87)

134.9(5.311)

189.2(7.449)

139.9(5.508)

52.8(2.079)

1,237.7

(48.728)

Rainfall data


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67 67

61

71

76

8891 91

8886

82

72

66

60

56

68

75

85

89 88

85 85

80

71

50

55

60

6570

75

80

85

90

95

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

R e l a t i v e H u m i d i t y i n %

Month

Relative Humidity Variation

Morning Evening


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0.9 0.91.2 1.1 1.2

2.8 3.0

2.5

1.8

0.9 0.8

1.4

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

22.22.42.62.83


W i n d S p e e d ( m / s )

Wind Speed Variation with direction


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2320

24

15

10

3

12

6

8

12

18

15

1213

4

21

0 01

2

5

11

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24


N o . O f C l e a r a n c e

Month

No. Of Clearance

Morning Evening


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198

204

237242

252

243

252 250

230

224

192 192190195200205210215220

225230235240245250255


S o l a r R a d i a t i o n

G l o b a l ( k W h / m 2 )

Month

Solar Radiation


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AVERAGE TEMPERATURE VARIATION


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The humidity averages ninety percent.

Mean monthly humidity also ranges

from 70 per cent in December to 94percent in July.

Ooty has a daytime humidity of 83%

Humidity depends on various climaticfactors:

1. It depends on the temperature, rainfall,altitude vegetation etc...

2. The higher the altitude, more is thehumidity.

Similarly it is observed that the effect ofthe humidity is not the same due to thelower temperatures

h bl


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Mahoney tables The Mahoney tables are a set of referencetables used in architecture, used as a guide toclimate-appropriate design.

They are named after architect CarlMahoney along with O.H. Koenigsberger.

The Mahoney Tables proposed a climateanalysis sequence that starts with the basic andwidely available monthly climatic data oftemperature, humidity and rainfall .

The tables use readily available climate dataand simple calculations to give design guidelines,in a manner similar to a spreadsheet, as opposed

to detailed thermal analysis or simulation.

There are six tables; four are used for enteringclimatic data, for comparison with therequirements for thermal comfort; and two forreading off appropriate design criteria.

C. Mahoney

O.H. Koenigsberger


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1. Air Temperatures. The max, min, and mean temperatures for each month areentered into this table.

LOCATION Ootacamund

LONGITUDE 76 44' E

LATITUDE 11 24' N

ALTITUDE 2249 m above mean sea level

Air Temperature in C

J F M A M J J A S O N D High AMT

Monthly mean max. 20 21 22 22 22 18 16 17 18 19 19 20 22 20

Monthly mean min. 5 6 8 10 11 11 11 11 10 10 8 6 5 9

Monthly mean range 13 14 15 16 17 15 14 14 14 15 14 13 Low AMR


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2. Humidity, Precipitation, and Wind. The max, min, and mean figures for each monthare entered into this table, and the conditions for each month classified into a humiditygroup.

Relative Humidity : %

Monthly mean max. a.m. 67 67 61 71 76 88 91 91 88 86 82 72

Monthly mean min. p.m 66 60 56 68 75 85 89 88 85 85 80 71

Average 66.5 63.5 58.5 69.5 75.5 86.7 90.0 89.5 86.5 85.5 81.0 71.5Humidity group 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Humidity group: 1 If average RH: Below 30%

2 30-50%3 50-70%

4 Above 70%


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Diagnosis: C J F M A M J J A S O N D

Monthly mean max. 20 21 22 22 22 18 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 AMT

Day comfort: upper 28 29 29 29 27 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

lower 21 23 23 23 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Monthly mean min. 5 6 8 10 11 11 11 11 10 10 8 6

Night comfort: upper 26 26 26 26 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

lower 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Thermal stress: day C C C C 0 C C C C C C 0

night C C C C C C C C C C C C


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4. Indicators (of humid or arid conditions). Rules are provided for combining thestress (table 3) and humidity groups (table 2) to check a box classifying the humidityand aridity for each month. For each of six possible indicators, the number of

months where that indicator was checked are added up, giving a yearly total.

Indicators

Humod: H1 Totals

H2

H3

Arid: A1

A2

A3


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3. AIR MOVEMENT-No air movement required.4. OPENINGS-Medium openings,20-40%

5. WALLS-Heavy external and internal walls.

6. ROOFS- Light, insulated roofs.


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7. OUT-DOOR SLEEPINGS-Not required , as too cold during night.

8. RAIN PROTECTION-Not necessary, as climate is cold and cloudy through outthe year.

9. SIZE OF OPENINGS-Medium: 25-40%

10. POSITION OF OPENINGS-As above, openings also in internal walls.11. PROTECTION OF OPENINGS-Not required.12. WALLS AND FLOORS-Heavy, over 8h time-lag.13. ROOFS-Light, well insulated.14. EXTERNAL FEATURES-Adequate rainwater drainage.


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PRESENTED BY:

Group 4 RAKSHA SHREE JAYA SINGH KRITHIKA MANYA CHANDU SHALEEN KARTHIK KRISHNA NAMRATA SUJEER NIKHIL V RAVI VARMA PRAVEEN

NEHA BANGERA POOJITHA


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Thank you

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