climate adaptation & community resilienceccap.org/assets/climate-adaptation-and-community...face...

CCAP

CLIMATE ADAPTATION & COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

Dr. Kelly Klima Climate Adaptation Policy Advisor NHMA-CCAP Resilience Webinar #1: Bridging the Gap between Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation December 18, 2012

Steve Winkelman Director of Adaptation and Transportation Programs, CCAP

Photo source: Keystone USA-ZUMA/Rex Features

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Overview. Discuss adaption, provide some definitions and examples, identify some benefits and challenges. Flag topics for future webinars. Superstorm Sandy: Over $62 billion in losses. Examining losses normalized for inflation and population, this puts it in the top 4 hurricane losses (with 1900 Galveston =#1, Katrina #2) Estimates of $10-30 billion in business continuity losses alone. In NJ: $29.4 in damages and business continuity losses. $7.4 billion in preventation costs billion in physical losses In NY: $32.8 billion in damages and business continuity loss, $9.1 billion in prevention costs Traveler’s just indicated a net loss of $650 million. This is a window of opportunity

CCAP

CCAP USES DIALOGUE AND ANALYSIS TO ADVANCE COST-EFFECTIVE POLICY SOLUTIONS

1 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience

Presenter

Presentation Notes

US and international. Core focus on GHG reduction. Complemented by adaptation efforts. Public-private collaboration is key to robust solutions.

CCAP

“AN INCONVENIENT SEWER OVERFLOW….

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… this is not about polar bears; it's about backed-up sewers in your streets or basements.”

~ Steve Winkelman in ClimateWire, May 4, 2012

Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience

CCAP

URBAN LEADERS ADAPTATION INITIATIVE

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“Ask the Climate Question”

How will infrastructure and land development decisions affect GHG

emissions and resilience to climate change

impacts?

Partners: North American cities

Results: Commonplace use of


Presenter

Presentation Notes

What you build where and how… King County, San Fran, LA, Phoenix, Milwaukee, Chicago, NYC, Nassau County, Miami-Dade County, Toronto.

CCAP

WEATHERING CLIMATE RISKS ADVANCES CORPORATE & COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

• Work with cities (e.g., NYC, DC) to enhance public-private action on climate resilience to: – Protect critical infrastructure and services – Ensure business continuity – Promote physical, economic and social resilience in the

face of extreme weather and a changing climate • Research: best practices, economics, visualizing

and measuring resilience • Workshops, webinars, blog

Supported by the 4 Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Workshop in DC in the spring (DDOE, OP, Downtown BID). Worked with NYC companies – pre-Sandy challenging to get attention (Irene was a bit of a non-event), but lessons drawn: business continuity and energy resilience important. All hazards resilience – e.g., post 9/11 being able to shift operations offsite, employees work from home. Of course there are limits – my sister who works at 7 WTC was sleeping in front of her fireplace in NJ for 10 days…

CCAP

DEFINITIONS: NAVIGATING THE LINGO

Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

Prevention: Reducing the hazard Climate Change Mitigation: reducing GHG emissions

Preparedness: Reducing exposure and vulnerability Climate Change Adaptation informed by future projections.

Hazard Mitigation often shorter-term focus, informed by past events.

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Resilience is the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, or more successfully adapt to actual or potential adverse events. ~ National Academy of Sciences


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Presentation Notes

Hazard = a storm. Exposure = number of people in the storm’s way Vulnerability = how likely those buildings/people are to break Main differences between adapt and haz mit may be institutional and cultural

CCAP

CLIMATE POLICY GOALS – ROLE OF ADAPTATION

Maximize GHG Mitigation, Adapt to what can’t be mitigated, Minimize Suffering and Enhance Resilience. (based on) John Holdren Director, White House OSTP

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“It’s like breathing and eating” – we must reduce GHGs and adapt!

~ Ron Sims former King County Executive & HUD Deputy Secretary

CCAP

WHO IS PURSUING CLIMATE ADAPTATION? GOVERNMENTS

• Federal – U.S. Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force – Executive Order requires agencies to develop adaptation plans

• State – 13 states have completed climate adaptation plans – 9 states are developing or plan to develop plans

• Local, Regional, Tribal – 120 of 298 local governments surveyed have an adaptation plan – Tribal governments, especially northern regions, have extensive plans “Although substantial adaptation planning is occurring in various sectors, levels of government, and the private sector, few measures have been implemented and even fewer have been evaluated.” ~ National Climate Assessment


Presenter

Presentation Notes

Note that Ryan will discuss more of these in depth.

CCAP

WHO IS PURSUING CLIMATE ADAPTATION? PRIVATE SECTOR AND NGO EFFORTS

• Private Sector – Concerned about business continuity, supply and demand chains,

employee access, energy resilience – Utilities: Entergy, National Grid (UK), Toronto WeatherWise – Reinsurance: RenRe, SwissRe, MunichRe – PReP: Oxfam, Entergy, Swiss Re, Starbucks, Levis, Calvert – Real Estate: ULI, Boston Properties

“Adaptation starts with determining how well critical infrastructure is adapted to current climate and weather conditions.” ~ Jeff Williams, Entergy

• Non-Governmental Organizations

– ICLEI, CERES, Georgetown Law, CCAP, APA – Environmental groups: UCS, NRDC, TNC, NWF, WWF, Oxfam – Green Infrastructure: Low Impact Development Center, CNT


Presenter

Presentation Notes

20-25% of losses from Sandy in private sector in NY: $6 billion (19% of 32), in NJ: $8.3 billion (29% of $29) – (23% total)

CCAP

WHAT DO ADAPTATION PRACTITIONERS DO?

1. Assess climate impacts – E.g., use climate models to asses different future scenarios

2. Identify risks and vulnerabilities

– Based on local context, such as critical infrastructure (elevation, state of repair), recent impacts, physical conditions (e.g., soil saturation), stakeholder analyses…

3. Assess potential solutions – Review best practices – Analyze effectiveness, costs and benefits

4. Develop and Implement Action Plan

– Define thresholds, prioritize short- and long-term actions – Measure progress and revise plans accordingly

5. Garner support for implementation

– Address top concerns of public and decision makers – Visualize solutions, quantify risks and benefits


Presenter

Presentation Notes

In some way have to start with #5

CCAP

WE KNOW WHAT GHG MITIGATION LOOKS LIKE…


CCAP

BUT WE TYPICALLY USE DISASTER PHOTOS WHEN WE TALK ABOUT ADAPTATION.

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CCAP

WHAT DOES CLIMATE RESILIENCE LOOK LIKE?

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? Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience

CCAP

IN CHICAGO, THE CITY HALL GREEN ROOF HELPS DECREASE THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT.

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Source: Chicago Climate Action Plan report.

Green Roof: 74°F. Black asphalt roof next door: 151°F.


CCAP

IN FLORIDA, HURRICANE SHUTTERS PROTECT HOMES FROM FLYING DEBRIS AND PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS.

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Problem Solution When a window or door breaks during a hurricane, the entire house quickly becomes pressurized and the roof can blow off. Source: Florida Hurricane Claim

Protect windows with shutters, e.g., Bahama shutters. Source: Fergosa Inc


CCAP

NYC METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY RETROFITS TO REDUCE SUBWAY FLOODING.

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Problem Partial Solution NYC subway flooding after a 2007 storm. Source: MTA NYC Transit

MTA NYC Transit has allocated nearly $90 million toward raising ventilation grates and installing stair pads at subway entrances. Source: MTA NYC Transit


Presenter

Presentation Notes

MTA also enhancing pumping capacity, shut down the system, moving trains and blocking off tunnels before a storm. More than $5 billion in damage from Sandy.

CCAP

…saves nine …saves nine four

A dollar spent on hazard mitigation saves society an average of $4. ~ Multihazard Mitigation Council

A STITCH IN TIME…


CCAP

PLANNING NOW SAVES MONEY LATER.

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Scenario Katrina, New Orleans

1.4m Sea Level Rise, San Francisco

Losses $150B

$62B

Preventative Measure $30B (Amsterdam-style flood controls)

$5B (Flood defense)


We tend to spend more cleaning up after disasters than planning ahead to prevent future losses.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

In 2011, FEMA spent $5.6 billion on recovery, $1.6 billion on everything else including preparedness Of course, it’s easier to know where to provide assistance after disaster has struck.

CCAP

Problem Loss of mountain snowpack will increase future water needs. Source: Flickr Solution Save money in the future by installing distribution infrastructure for waste water for re-use in industry and agriculture upfront. Increased project costs by 2%. Source: Circle Blue

KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON BRIGHTWATER SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience 18

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Sewage!

CCAP 19

How a checklist could save $4 million!

Source: D. MacLeod, Toronto

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Presentation Notes

Storm in Toronto August 2005. $550 million in payouts, repairs. $4M to replace one culvert. Toronto has over 154 large culverts. Used to just build and leave. With climate change, inspection and maintenance has become far more important due to the increased frequency of extreme weather events.

CCAP

“GREEN” INFRASTRUCTURE CAN BE CHEAPER THAN GREY.

Catskills / NYC NYC Portland, OR Water filtration plant: $6.2B

Protect Catskills: $1.5B

Tanks, tunnels, and expansions for combined

sewer overflow: $3.9B

Green Infrastructure Plan: $2.4B

Normal infrastructure for storm water runoff:

$350M

Green practices, e.g. Downspout

Disconnection program: $12.75M


CCAP

Business Household Municipal / Regional

National

Return on Investment

… … … …

Savings on Expenditures

… … … …

Improved Quality of Life … … … …

MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS MEANS MULTIPLE PRIORITIES AND PERCEIVED BENEFITS.

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CCAP’s Growing Wealthier matrix


Presenter

Presentation Notes

CCAP’s Growing Wealthier presented a matrix on how smart growth principles can improve the bottom line for businesses, households and governments in different areas such as return on investment, savings on expenditures, and improved quality of life.4 Weathering Climate Risks will apply this matrix to adaptation to help equip and empower urban decision-makers to maximize the economic benefits of adaptation.

CCAP

WHAT DO ADAPTATION PRACTITIONERS NEED? DATA, INFO, TOOLS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

• Improved data and information – Climate change and impacts (past/future, global/local, timing) – Local risks and vulnerabilities (infrastructure info, state of repair) – Stakeholder analyses

• Tools to assess solutions – Decision Making (costs/benefits for different stakeholders) – Resilience metrics

• Technical assistance from existing resources – Academia: Georgetown, Columbia University, OR State, RISAs – Govt, Climate/Weather: National Climate Assessment, NOAA – Govt, Planning, Hazard Mitigation: FEMA, FHWA, FEMA – NGOs: ICLEI, APA, CCAP


Presenter

Presentation Notes

Topics for future webinars. Climate scientists and adaptation experts need improved understanding of local needs for regionally-relevant technical assistance, metrics, and data, while adaptation practitioners can benefit greatly from best practices in hazard mitigation and evaluation Projected climate change impacts will likely tap the skills, tax the resources, and broaden the time horizons of hazard mitigation experts.

CCAP

WHAT DO ADAPTATION PRACTITIONERS NEED? POLICY, COMMUNICATION, COLLABORATION

• Communication – Making the case – Public

opinion, engage decision makers

– Visualizing Climate Resilience – Economics of best practices


• Policy and program innovation – Use existing frameworks, e.g. NFIP, CZMA – Lessons from Federal Interagency Task Force – Reports from NHMA, RFF, Pew, Smarter-Safer…

• Collaboration – E.g., with Hazard Mitigation community!

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Together we can meet the Needs of the Adaptation and Hazard Mitigation Communities. This webinar series is a start. Later we’ll talk about potential follow up including research, papers, workshops and workgroups.

CCAP

Climate Adaptation & Transportation Growing Wealthier: Smart Growth, Climate Change, & Prosperity The Value of Green Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation Lessons Learned on local Climate Adaptation Ask the Climate Question Steve Winkelman • [email protected] Dr. Kelly Klima • [email protected] www.ccap.org/adaptation.html

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

LiDAR

S Winkelman

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ccap.org/adaptation.html

CCAP

July 1984 2012 (US Dept of Interior Photo) http://instagram.com/p/SdUoIZAu_n/

GLACIER BAY, ALASKA: THEN AND NOW

Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience 25

Presenter

Presentation Notes

As a teenage in Alaska, I fell in love with wilderness and discovered the joy of facing challenges collaboratively.

http://instagram.com/p/SdUoIZAu_n/

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