classifying matter
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Do Now
What is the difference between a compound such as water and a
mixture such as salsa?
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Goals:
• To classify pure substances as elements or compounds.
• To distinguish between pure substances and mixtures.
• To classify mixtures as heterogeneous or homogeneous.
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Materials can be divided into pure substances and mixtures,
depending on their composition.
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Pure substance
• Matter that has the same composition.
• Every sample is uniform.
• Each part of every sample is the same.
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Pure substances can be classified into two categories.
The first is an element.• Elements cannot be broken down
into simpler substances.• They contain only one type of atom.
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When two or more elements chemically join together in a fixed proportion, they form a
compound.Example: WATER
Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature and so is Oxygen. But when combined together, they form water – a liquid at room temperature.
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A compound can always be broken down into the simpler substances (elements or other
compounds) that make it up.
Let’s look at our water example again:
If you pass electricity through water, hydrogen and oxygen bubbles rise to the surface
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Other common examples of compounds:
Calcium carbonate-CaCO3
Citric acid-C6H8O7 Sodium chloride-NaCl
Hydrogen peroxide-H2O2
Nitrous oxide-N2O
Ammonia-NH3
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Mixtures• A substance consisting of two or
more substances mixed together.
• Mixtures retain some of the properties of the original substances.
• The composition of a mixture can vary. Mixtures are classified by how well the parts are distributed.
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Heterogeneous mixtures:
• Comes from “hetero” meaning different and “genus” meaning kind. (the parts of these mixtures are noticeably different from one another.
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Homogeneous mixtures:• The substances are
so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance from another.
• It appears to contain only 1 substance. Stainless steel is made from a homogeneous mixture of iron, chromium, and nickel.
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What type of mixture are these?