topic: classifying matter
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Topic: Classifying Matter. Indicate whether the following changes are physical or chemical. Burning wood Tearing paper Freezing Water Dissolving NaCl in H 2 O Mixing NaCl and SiO 2. Matter. Substances. Mixtures. Heterogeneous Mixtures. Homogeneous Mixtures. Compounds. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Topic: Classifying Matter
Indicate whether the following changes are physical or chemical. • Burning wood• Tearing paper• Freezing Water• Dissolving NaCl in H2O• Mixing NaCl and SiO2
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Matter
Substances Mixtures
Elements Compounds HeterogeneousMixtures
HomogeneousMixtures
Mixtures Separated by physical methodsCompounds Separated by chemical methods
Can it be separated by physical methods
NO YES
Atoms
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Pure Substance
• uniform throughout• Definite composition• Same characteristic properties regardless of
source which are pure substances
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Element• Substance that:
• cannot be broken down or decomposed into simpler substance
• only 1 kind of atom• has definite properties
• Formulas have 1 uppercase letter
Cu
F F FF
Cu
Cu
Cu
F2
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Particle Diagrams
Atoms of a monatomic (1) element
Molecules of a diatomic (2) element
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I
N O F
Cl
Br
These seven elements are always diatomic HH2
N2 O2 F2
Cl2
Br2
I2
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Element Song
Big Bang Version sung by Sheldon
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Compounds• 2 or more different types of
atoms chemically combined in a definite ratio
• Properties are different from those of elements formed from
• Only Broken into elements by chemical rxn
• Formulas have 2 or more uppercase letters
H
H HO
H
HCl
Cl
Cl
H HO
HCl
H2O
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2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
Element or Compound?
Na = element
Cl2 = element
NaCl = compound
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Particle DiagramsAtoms of a diatomic (2) compounds
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Molecules: Can be elements or compounds – but must contain 2 or more total atoms (can be the
same type or different)
O O
H H
OS S S S
HCl
S S S S
O2
H2O
S8
HCl
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Mixtures
• Combo of 2 or more pure substances (elements + elements) (elements + compounds) (compounds + compounds)
• Physically combined not chemically combined
• Each substance retains its own identity and properties
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Mixtures• Variable composition• No unique properties
(Think of sugar and salt mixed together)
•Separated by physical methods• May be homogeneous or
heterogeneous
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Types of Mixtures• Heterogeneous: NOT UNIFORM
throughout -individual components visible - scatters light (can’t shine light through)
GraniteOil in water Salad
dressing
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Suspensions (type of heterogeneous mix.)
• Particles are larger • can be evenly distributed by
mechanical means (shaking the contents) • Settle out on standing
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• Homogeneous (aka solutions): UNIFORM composition throughout- individual components not visible
• Solutions in gas & liquid phases transmit light (can shine light
through)• particles not big enough to scatter light • look translucent
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RECAP: Solution vs Suspension
• Solutions in gas & liquid phases transmit light
• particles not big enough to scatter light • look translucent
• Suspensions look cloudy • particles big enough to scatter light• settle on standing
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Solution(homogenous) vs Suspension(heterogeneous)
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CuSO4(aq)
Solution(homogenous) vs Suspension(heterogeneous)
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K
O
H
KKK
K
O
O O
K
HO
H HO
H HO
H HO
H HO
H HO
H HO
H HO
HO
F- F
-
F-
F-
F-
F-
F-
F-
O O
O O
Homogenous Mixture:Compounds & elementsBoth in liquid phase
Heterogeneous Mixture:elements & elementsO2 in the gas phaseK in the solid phase
Heterogeneous?
Or
Homogeneous?
Compounds?
Or
Elements?
Solid?Liquid?
Gas?