CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

ADDING ORDERADDING ORDER

Engage

Alien Planet Story

Explore• Making a Dichotomous Key

ExplainWhy Classify?

to bring order to the large number of various organisms

Process is called taxonomy

Assigning Scientific Names

1. Early Efforts at Naming Organisms1. Used common names

2. Very confusing

3. Very complex

2. Binomial Nomenclature1. Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century

2. Each species is assigned a two part scientific name1. Homo sapien

Section 18-1

FlowchartLinnaeus’s System of Classification

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda

Red fox Abert squirrel

Coral snake

Sea star

KINGDOM Animalia

PHYLUM Chordata

CLASS Mammalia

ORDER Carnivora

FAMILY Ursidae

GENUS Ursus

SPECIES Ursus arctos

Section 18-1

Classification of Ursus arctos

Modern Evolutionary

Classification

Section Outline

CLADOGRAM

Crab Barnacle LimpetCrustaceans Gastropod

Molted exoskeleton

Segmentation

Tiny free-swimming larva

Section 18-2

Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram

Appendages Conical Shells

Crab Barnacle Limpet

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VISIBLE

SIMILARITIES

A. Evolutionary ClassificationA. Lines of evolutionary descent

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VISIBLE

SIMILARITIES

CLADOGRAM

Appendages Conical Shells

Crab Barnacle Limpet Crab Barnacle Limpet

Crustaceans Gastropod

Molted exoskeleton

Segmentation

Tiny free-swimming larva

Section 18-2

Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram– B. Classification Using Cladograms

• Derived characters– Characteristics that appear in recent parts of

the lineage

C. Similarities in DNA and RNA

– Similarities at the molecular level show how closely organism are related

Six Kingdoms System

Kingdom ArcheaBacteriaKingdom EuBacteriaKingdom ProtistaKingdom FungiKingdom PlantaeKingdom Animalia

Section Outline

Section 18-3

Concept Map

are characterized by

such as

and differing which place them in

which coincides withwhich coincides with

which place them in which is subdivided into

Living Things

Kingdom Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells

Important characteristics

Cell wall structures

Domain Eukarya

Domain Bacteria

Domain Archaea

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Animalia

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Streptococcus, Escherichia coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Methanogens, halophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Fungi

Eukaryote

Cell walls of chitin

Most multicellular; some unicellular

Heterotroph

Mushrooms, yeasts

Plantae

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts

Multicellular

Autotroph

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

Animalia

Eukaryote

No cell walls or chloroplasts

Multicellular

Heterotroph

Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Using a Dichotomous Key

• Strange Science– You will use a real dichotomous key to

classify the Alien organisms in the given pictures.

– Work in Pairs.

• Practice Problems– On Your Own.– When you are done share & discuss quietly.