classification scientific names organisms are universally...

Classifying Organisms

* Organisms are divided into 3 domains

and 6 kingdoms based on the following

characteristics

Classification

Cell Structure: Cell wall & Organelles

Cell wall give structure & support

Cell Type: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic - No nucleus

Eukaryotic - nucleus

Classification


* Organisms are divided into 3

domains and 6 kingdoms based on the

following characteristics

Number of cells: Unicellular vs. Multicellular

Unicellular - 1 cell

Multicellular - more than 1 cell

Nutrition: Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic

Autotrophic - makes their own food

Heterotrophic - must consume food

Reproduction: Asexual vs. Sexual

DOMAINS

KINGDOMS


ArchaebacteriaDomain - ArchaeaKingdom - Archaebacteria

* Prokaryotic cells* Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan* Unicellular* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic* Live in extreme environments

Examples: Thermophiles - extreme temperaturesHalophiles - extreme salinityMethanogens – live in methane gas


Bacteria

* Prokaryotic cells* Cell walls contain peptidoglycan* Unicellular* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic* Asexual Reproduction

Examples: Streptococcus

Escherichia

coli

Domain - BacteriaKingdom - Eubacteria

* Bacteria can be further classified by shape

Coccus (cocci): round

Bacillus (bacilli): rod-like

Spirillus (spirilli): spiral


Bacteria

Examples: strep throat,

pneumonia, tuberculosis

* Bacteria can be harmful

- Pathogens: agents that cause disease

- Can be treated with an antibiotic

* Bacteria can be helpful

- Help to produce food products: yogurt, pickles

- Decomposers - recycle nutrients in the environment

- Help organisms digest food

- Transgenic bacteria can produce medicines


Protists

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom - Protista

* Eukaryotic cells

* (some) Cell walls contain cellulose

* Unicellular and multicellular

* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic

* Mostly asexual reproduction

Examples: Paramecium, euglena, algae


Protist Movement

* Flagella - whiplike projection

* Cilia - hairlike projections

* Pseudopod - false foot formed when cytoplasm moves into a

projection of the cell membrane

* Protists can be helpful

- Help to produce food products: ice cream, gels

- Algae produce the majority of oxygen on our planet

* Protists can be harmful


Examples: malaria, ameobic

dysentary


Protist effect on equilibrium

* These are beneficial, but can be harmful

when the microorganisms disrupt the

ecosystem equilibrium

*Example: If something were to happen to

green algae, the decrease in population size

would severely affect the rest of the

ecosystem that is dependent on algae (pretty

much everything)


Fungi

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom - Fungi

* Eukaryotic cells

* Cell walls contain chitin

* Unicellular and multicellular

* Heterotropic decomposers - externally digest dead matter

* Asexual and Sexual reproduction

Examples: Yeast, bread mold, mushrooms

* Fungi can be helpful

- Decomposers - recycle nutrients

- Live on plant roots and help plants absorb nutrients

- Food products - mushrooms, bread, wine, soy

sauce

- Used to produce antibiotics; penicillin

* Fungi can be harmful


Examples: athletes foot, ringworm

- Spoil food


Fungi

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom – Fungi

* Fungi can disrupt the ecosystem equilibrium

The Great Famine of Ireland (1800’s)

-Potato Blight

-Fungus that infected potatoes

-Caused humans to starve as

a result, resulted in a mass

immigration from Ireland


Plants

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom - Plantae

* Eukaryotic cells

* Cell walls contain cellulose

* Multicellular

* Autotrophic

* Asexual and Sexual reproduction

Examples: Corn, ferns, pine trees


Animals

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom - Animalia

* Eukaryotic cells

* No cell wall

* Multicellular

* Heterotrophic

* (Mostly) sexual reproduction

Examples: bees, turtles, fish, elephants

classification scientific names organisms are universally...

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