Classification of

Living Things

Big Question

Why Do

We

Classify

Organisms?

• Brings order to the great diversity of life forms

• Serves as a basis for identifying unfamiliar organisms

• Provides a logical means of naming organisms

Classification

A process of grouping organisms

by similarities

Taxonomy

• Branch of

biology that

groups and

names

organisms

The Science of Classification

Scientist who classify or

organize organisms

(animals and plants)

are called taxonomists.

Taxonomists study

taxonomy.

The History of Organization

Aristotle 384-322 BC

Interested in biological classification.

Patterns in nature.

Carl Linnaeus

1707-1778 AD

Father of

Biological

Classification!

• 2 Categories

–Plants and Animals

• Animals – classified on where they lived

– Land, water or air

• Plants – classified on the basis of structure and size

– Tree, shrub, herb

Classify

this

video

• Grouped organisms

by similar structure

• Created two-part

naming system

• Grouped similar

species into same

genus

• 2 word latin name (by Linneus)

• Uses genus and species

name (or descriptive name)

• Italics is used and Genus is

capitalized

–Quercus alba = white oak

Genus Species Common Name

_______________________________________ Canis familaralis Canis lupus Felis domesticus Felis concolor

Dog

Wolf

House Cat

Mountain

lion

• A series of paired statements used to identify organisms

1a. Has fur, go to…………………………2

b. Does not have fur……………………3

2a. Has straight fur………………………4

b. Has curly fur………………………….5

3a. Rough skin……………………………6

b. Smooth skin…………………………..7

7 Classification Groups:

• Kingdom (most inclusive)

• Phylum largest

• Class

• Order to

• Family

• Genus smallest

• Species (most specific)

• King

• Phillip

• Came

• Over

• For

• Great

• Spaghetti

• Kings

• Played

• Cards

• On

• Fat

• Green

• Stools

Levels of Classification

Classification of a Lion

http://www.youtube.co

m/watch?v=vqxomJIB

GcY

Classification Levels

Phylum = Division

for animals for plants

Organisms Classified Today

Using:

• Structure- Homologous parts

• Biochemistry- DNA and proteins

• Embryology- Developing Embryos

• Breeding Behavior- Courtship patterns

• Geographic Distribution- Location (with reference to barriers)

Classification of life forms

3 Domains of Life

Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

Includes various Kingdoms: Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista

Consist of PROKARYOTES

The Three Domains

Kingdoms of Life

Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista

Plantae Fungi Animalia

MONERA

• SEPARATED INTO TWO Kingdoms

– ARCHAEBACTERIA

– EUBACTERIA

TRUE BACTERIA ANCIENT BACTERIA

ARCHAEBACTERIA

• PROKARYOTIC

• UNICELLULAR

• HETEROTROPH

• FOUND IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS

• PROKARYOTIC

• UNICELLULAR

• HETEROTROPH & AUTOTROPH

• LIVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS

– SWAMPS, HYDROTHERMAL VENTS

• MORE COMPLEX THAN EUBACTERIA

• CELL WALL

• SEVERAL HUNDRED SPECIES

ARCHAEBACTERIA

ARCHAEBACTERIA

VENT BACTERIA SALT-LOVING BACTERIA

EUBACTERIA

• PROKARYOTIC

• UNICELLULAR

• HETEROTROPH & AUTOTROPH

• “TRUE BACTERIA”

• STRONG CELL WALLS

• SOME CAUSE DISEASE, BUT MOST

HARMLESS

EUBACTERIA

PROTISTA

• EUKARYOTES

– NUCLEUS, MEMBRANE BOUND

ORGANELLES

• UNICELLULAR, SOME MULTICELLULAR

• HETEROTROPHS & AUTOTROPHS

• MOST VARIED GROUP

• LACK ORGAN SYSTEMS

• MOIST ENVIRONMENTS

PROTISTA

• EUKARYOTIC

• SOME UNICELLULAR, MOST

MULTICELLULAR

• HETEROTROPHS

– DECOMPOSERS (SAPROPHYTES)

• ABSORB FOOD THROUGH CELL

WALLS

• EUKARYOTIC

• MULTICELLULAR

• AUTOTROPHS

• DO NOT MOVE

• CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS

• CELL WALLS – CELLULOSE

• EUKARYOTES

• MULTICELLULAR

• HETEROTROPHS

• NEARLY ALL MOVE

• NO CELL WALLS (MEMBRANE ONLY)

• CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES,

ORGANS, SYSTEMS

Six Kingdoms

http://www.youtube.com/wa

tch?v=u90WvBZe-tY 2

minute review

Classification Review

http://www.youtube.com/wa

tch?v=F38BmgPcZ_I 12

minutes

Stop here- next slide is key

to kingdom matching lab

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Heterotroph

Heterotroph

Heterotroph

Heterotroph

Heterotroph

Autotroph

Autotroph

Autotroph

Autotroph

Multicellular

Multicellular

Multicellular

Multicellular

Unicellular

Unicellular

Domain

Eukarya

Unicellular

Prokaryote

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Eukaryote

Eukaryote

Eukaryote

Cell wall of

cellulose

Amoeba

and Algae

Unicellular

Domain

Eukarya

Domain

Eukarya

Domain

Eukarya

Domain

Bacteria

Domain

Archaea

Cell wall of

cellulose

No Cell wall

Cell wall of

chitin

Cell wall with

peptidoglycan

Cell wall w/o

peptidoglycan

E. Coli and Streptococcus

Halophiles

Yeast and

Mushroom

Ferns and

moss

Sponge and

Insects