classification notes 1.classification a. arrangement in classes or groups to improve communication...
TRANSCRIPT
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Classification Notes
1. ClassificationA. Arrangement in classes or groups to improve communication
B. Four factors• Similar structure• Behavior• Food needs• Chemical make up
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Kingdoms
2. Six kingdoms of living things:A. Kingdom Archebacteria
1. Prokaryotic a. Single-celled
b. No true nucleus (no membrane) 2. Live in extreme environments 3. Anaerobic 4. Example: Bacteria living in hot
springs
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Kingdoms
B. Kingdom Eubacteria
1. Prokaryotic
a. Single-celled
b. No true nucleus (no membrane)
2. Live in less extreme environments
3. Mostly aerobic
4. Examples: cyanobacteria, yogurt bacteria
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Kingdoms
C. Kingdom Protista
1. Eukaryotic
a. Complex cell structure
b. Membrane bound organelles
c. True nucleus
2. Single-celled or many-celled
3. Some plantlike, animal-like, or
funguslike
4. Examples: Amoeba, paramecium, diatoms, euglena, algae
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KingdomsD. Kingdom Fungi
1. Most are many-celled2. Body made of hyphae3. Saprophytes (obtain food by absorbing
dead or decaying tissues of other organisms)
4. Reproduce by spores5. Decomposers 6. Examples: Club (mushrooms), sac
(yeast) zygote (bread mold), imperfect (penicillin)
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Kingdoms
E. Plant Kingdom 1. Many-celled
2. Photosynthetic – make their own food3. Examples: Pine tree, rose, corn
F. Animal Kingdom1. Many celled2. Consume other organisms for
food3. Examples: Scorpion, cat,
jellyfish, sponge
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Subdivisions of kingdoms
3. Subdivisions of kingdom
Using the columbine as an example
A. Kingdom – Plant
B. Phylum – Tracheophyta
C. Class – Angiospermae
D. Order - Dicotyledon
E. Family - Ranunculaceae
F. Genus – Aquilegia
G. Species - cearulea
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Naming Organisms
4. Naming organisms
A. Common names are those given in your language and are often confusing or over-
lapping
B. Scientific names are those given in Latin
which describes only one organism – no
confusion
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Animal Kingdom
1. Animals are made of many cells. Different kinds of cells carry out different functions such as sensing the environment, getting rid of wastes, and reproducing.
2. Animal cells have a nucleus and specialized structures inside the cells called organelles.
3. Animals depend on other living things in the environment for food. Some eat plants, some eat other animals, and some eat plants and animals.
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Animal Kingdom
4. Animals digest their food. The proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in foods are broken down into simpler molecules that can move into the animal’s cells.
5. Many animals move from place to place. They can escape from their enemies and find food, mates, and places to live. Animals that move slowly or not at all have adaptations that make it possible for them to take care of these needs in other ways.
6. All animals are capable of reproducing sexually. Some animals also can reproduce asexually.
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Porifera
1. Phylum PoriferaA. PoresB. Sessile (permanently attached as adults) C. Two cell layersD. Marine (salt) and fresh waterE. Respiration - Oxygen absorbed by inner cell
layer
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Porifera
F. Digestion – Food
absorbed by inner
cell layer
G. Circulation
1. Flagellum
create a current of
water
2. No blood
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Cnidaria
2. Phylum Cnidaria- Jellyfish, Coral, Anemones
A. Stinging Cells
B. Tentacles
C. Some sessile / some free swimming
D. Respiration - Oxygen absorbed by
inner cell layer
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Cnidaria
E. Digestion
1. Food absorbed
by inner cell layer
2. Single-opening
system
F. Circulation - Water current distributes gas/food
Polyp Form
Medusa Form
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Animal Kingdom _ Phylum Platyhelminthes
3. Phylum: Platyhelminthes – Flatworms
A. Parasites (live off of live host) B. Can regenerate if broken
C. Respiration - Oxygen absorbed through
skin
D. Digestion
1. Nutrients absorbed into inner cell layers
2. Single-opening system
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Animal Kingdom _ Phylum Platyhelminthes
E. Circulation - nutrients/gas circulated by
host
F. Examples – planarian, fluke, tapeworm
TapewormPlanarian
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Animal kingdom – Phylum Nematoda
4. Phylum: Nematoda - RoundwormsA. Many are parasites/some free-living
B. Respiration - Oxygen absorbed through skin
C. Digestion
1. Nutrients absorbed by inner cell layer
2. Complete system (two openings)
D. Circulation - Food/gas absorbed through cells
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Mollusca5. Phylum: Mollusca
A. Mostly shell-buildersB. Mantle - fleshy covering that secretes the
shell C. Well developed sense organsD. Respiration - gills for gas exchangeE. Digestion - complete with specialized organsF. Circulation - hearts for pumping bloodG. Mostly aquatic (live in water)H. Examples: octopus, squid, snails, clams
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Mollusca
I. Classes of Mollusca
1. Class Gastropoda
a. “Stomach foot”
b. Most have shells
c. Examples: snails, conch, slugs
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Mollusca
2. Class Bivalvia
a. “two shells”
b. Hinged, two part shell
c. Examples: clam, oyster, and
scallops
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Mollusca
3. Class Cephalopodaa. “head foot”b. Large, well developed headc. Most have tentaclesd. Closed circulatory systeme. Jet propulsion f. Examples: octopus, squid, cuttlefish
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Annelida6. Phylum: Annelida - Segmented Worms
A. Segmented body
B. Respiration - Gas exchange through skin
C. Digestion
1. Specialized organs
2. Complete system
3. Nutrients absorbed by inner cell layer
D. Circulation - Pairs of “hearts” circulate blood
– Example: earthworm, leeches
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Arthropoda7. Phylum: Arthropoda
A. Exoskeleton (outside)
B. Jointed legs
C. Segmented body
D. Circulation - open, hearts for pumps
E. Respiration
a. Vents and spiracles (land arthropods)
b. Gills (aquatic arthropods)
F. Digestion - complete system with specialized organs
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Arthropoda
G. Classes of Phylum Arthropoda
1. Class: Crustacea (Crabs, lobsters)
a. Mostly marine (salt water) b. Cephalothorax and abdomen
(Two body regions)
c. Five pairs of appendages
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Arthropoda
2. Class: Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites)
a. Many are poisonous
b. Two body regions
c. Four pairs of legs
3. Class: Insecta (grasshoppers, bees)
a. Many fly
b. Three body regions
c. Three pairs of legs
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Arthropoda
4. Class: Chilopoda (centipedes) a. Many segments b. One pair of legs per segment c. Poisonous
5. Class: Diplopoda (millipedes) a. Many segments b. Two pair of legs per segment c. Not poisonous
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Echinodermata
8. Phylum: Echinodermata A. Spiny skin
B. Radial design
C. Example: starfish
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Chordata
9. Phylum: Chordata (vertebrates with spinal cord)A. Circulation
1. Closed (veins and arteries)
2. Multi-chambered heart
B. Digestion - complete system with
specialized organs
C. Respiration
1. Lungs (land)
2. Gills (water)
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Chordata
D. Classes of Phylum Chordata
1. Class: Cyclostomata (jawless fish)
a. Cold blooded
b. Cartilage skeleton
c. No jaws
d. Example: lamprey, hagfish
Lamprey feeding on host fish
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Chordata
2. Class: Chondrichthyes (jawed cartilaginous fish)
a. Cold blooded
b. Sharp teeth
c. Jaws
d. Cartilage skeleton
e. Example: sharks, rays
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Chordata
3. Class: Osteichthyes (bony fish)
a. Cold blooded
b. Bone skeleton
c. Two chambered heart
d. Scales
e. Example: perch, bass
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Chordata 4. Class: Amphibia
a. Live in water and on land
b. Smooth, moist skin (exceptions: toads)
c. Cold blooded
d. Breathe through gills as babies
e. Breathe through lungs/skin as adult
f. Lay eggs in water
g. Three chambered heart
h. Metamorphisms (tadpole to frog)
i. Examples: newt, salamander, frogs
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Chordata 5. Class: Reptilia
a. Cold blooded
b. Scales
c. Lay eggs on land
d. Incomplete four chambered heart
e. Breath with lungs from birth
f. Examples: Snakes, lizards, turtles
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Chordata
6. Class: Avesa. Warm blooded
b. Complete four chambered heart
c. Streamlined (aerodynamic) body
d. Feathers
e. Lay eggs on land
f. Light weight skeleton
g. Examples: Eagles, seagulls, turkeys
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Animal Kingdom – Phylum Chordata 7. Class: Mammalia
a. Warm bloodedb. Hairc. Live birth (placentals)
Placenta - nourishes baby while developing in Mom
d. Mammary glands 1. Produce milk 2. Nurse young
e. Two pairs of limbsf. High functioning brain and sense
organs
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THE END!
Whew