classification and kingdoms. phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history of a species... how...
DESCRIPTION
Phylogenetic Tree ExampleTRANSCRIPT
Classification and
Kingdoms
PhylogenyIs the study of the
evolutionary history of a species...
how it developed over time.
Phylogenetic Tree Example
How are living organisms organized?
•They are grouped into categories according to their similarities
TaxonomyThe science of
classifying organisms
according to their natural
relationships.
Carolus Linnaeus( 1707 - 1778 )
Swedish naturalist, devised the system we still use today. It uses two names
to identify each species
All Organisms were classified
and given a Scientific Name
He placed structurally
similar animals into groups he called species
Linnaeus grouped
similar species into a larger
category called a genus
( plural: genera )
He grouped similar
genera into a still-larger category called a family
Families make up larger groups called orders.
Orders make up larger groups called classes.
Classes make up larger groups called phyla. (singular: phylum)
Phyla make up the largest group called a Kingdom.
In KingdomsPlantae and Fungi ....
the second-largest group is called a
Division instead of a Phylum.
8 Level System of Classification of Living
Things (In order from Largest to Smallest)
•Domain•Kingdom•Phylum•Class•Order•Family•Genus•Species
How can anyone ever remember all of these names --
AND in the correct order ???
How can anyone ever remember all of these names --
AND in the correct order ???There’s a secret to it!
If you can remember the
following sentence, you can remember all of
these groups too!
Dashing King Phillip
Came Over For Great Spaghetti
Domains• Today Scientists have added a new
group called Domains. There are 3 domains: Eukarya
Archaea Eubacteria• Domains are larger than Kingdoms so
we now can add DASHING King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti !
Members of a species can
reproduce and create offspring which are also
capable of reproducing.
A horse and a donkey can mate and produce
offspring. However, the offspring
(called a mule) is sterile and cannot reproduce.Therefore, horses
and donkeys belong to different
species.
Binomial Nomenclatur
e
System of Scientific Naming =
Binomial means “two
names.”Nomenclature means “a system of naming.”
Scientific Name =Genus species•Written in LATIN
•Always Written in Italics or underlined
•Genus is always written with a CAPITAL letter
•species is always written with a LOWER CASE letter
Your genus is Homo and your species is sapiens; therefore, your scientific
name is Homo sapiens.
Your COMMON NAME is Human
You are a member of :Homo sapiens.
You are a multicellular mobile
heterotroph
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Classification of Man:
We named ourselves after our ability to
think
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primata
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Examples of Scientific
Names and their Common Names
Alligator mississippiensis
Alligator mississippiensis
American Alligator
Dichotomous Key
A written set of opposite choices that is used to
identify a species
Does the organism have spines?
If “Yes” continue, if “No” skip to question 114.Does the organism have five
appendages (legs)?If “Yes” continue, if “No” skip to
question 21.
Dichotomous Key Example
6 Kingdom
s
There are:
1. - Archaebacteria2. Eubacteria3. - Protista4. - Fungi5. - Plantae6. - Animalia
EXAMPLESand
CHARACTERISTICS
EuBacteria= Bacteria (Domain)
Eubacteria Unicellular ProkaryoteCell walls are made of peptidoglycan. (sugar)
ArchaebacteriaDomain Archaea
• Prokaryotes• Unicellular• Live in extreme environments like
hot springs, the dead sea and places with no oxygen. ( Thermophiles, Halophiles, methanogens)
• Cell walls DO NOT contain peptidoglycan.
Protista =
Protozoans and Algaes
Protista = Unicellular Eukaryote Mobile and Non-Mobile Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Fungi = Mushrooms Molds and Yeasts
Fungi = Multicellular Eukaryote Non-Mobile Heterotroph
Plantae = Oak Trees and Roses etc...
Plantae = Multicellular Eukaryote Non-Mobile Autotroph
Animalia = Sponges, HumansGrasshoppers, Catsetc...
Animalia = Multicellular Eukaryote Mobile Heterotroph