classical africa
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Classical Africa. Nubia. Nubian Culture : 6000B.C.E. - 1500C.E. Geography : junction of Blue and White Nile between 3rd & 6th cataract Avenue of Ideas : spread to Egypt> monarchy, totem, smelting. Gebel Barkal. Nubia : Kingdom of Kus h. Nubian Kings. Piankhi: led conquest of Egypt - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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• Nubian Culture: 6000B.C.E. - 1500C.E.
• Geography: junction of Blue and White Nile between 3rd & 6th cataract
• Avenue of Ideas: spread to Egypt> monarchy, totem, smelting
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NubianNubian Kings Kings
• Piankhi:– led conquest of Egypt– combined ruler of Egypt & Nubia
• Taharka:– defeated Assyrians– mentioned in bible– revived architecture & literature
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Candace: Title for Nubian Queen
Amarenas: One Eyed Candace
Defeated the Romans
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Reasons for decline of Reasons for decline of NubiaNubia
• drought• rise in Kingdom of
Axum• Christian Nubia
joined in alliance with Crusaders
• conquered by Islamic Empire
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Axum
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AxumAxum
• Later became Abyssinia, then Ethiopia
•3,000,000 B.C.E. > Lucy or Dinknesh discovered in Eastern Ethiopia
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Stone Hewn Stone Hewn Churches at Churches at
LalibelaLalibela
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•1st Century C.E. > Christianity spreads to Axum
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Celebration at Timkat
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Attack & Isolation
•1540 > Muslim attack on Abyssinia fails, but they lose control of port cities on east coast
•1880’s Abyssinia remained independent while rest of Africa colonized
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GriotGriot Keepers of
memories, oral historians
bards>combine history, music, poetry, dance, drama
•kept & passed on mental record of coronations, births, deaths, marriages, battles, etc.
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KingdoKingdom of m of
GhanaGhana
• Salt Mines City of Taghaza =
major salt producing center of the Sahara
salt mines = forced labor by slaves (criminals or captives from war)
life expectancy in the mines = 2 years
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Ghana’s Blacksmiths• mastery of metal work
in iron & gold revered & feared as
powerful magicians, (the power over the elements of the earth)
closed & secret society forge called “fan”,
means cosmic egg from which all life was born
forge >
four basic elements
•Fire, air, water, earth
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Timbuktu
• Commercial Center• seat of Islamic
learning and culture• largest city in Mali &
Songhai Empires
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Mansa Musa
•1307-1332• rebuilt capital, Timbuktu• pilgrimage to Mecca, 1324• established universities
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Weavers of Mali• Respected & feared like
Ghana’s blacksmiths• loom symbolic of nature• believed the gods sent spider to
teach mankind magic of weaving
• Anansi, the spider, major character in West African mythology
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Songhai or Songhay Empire
Songhai or Songhay Empire
• Began in 7th century along Niger river.
• great trading cities of Gao, Djenné, and Timbuktu.
B1
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Askia MuhammadAskia Muhammad• king 1493-1528 • pilgrimage to
Mecca • Transformed
Songhai into an Islamic kingdom
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African Civilizations• Were as advanced as European
civilizations during the Middle Ages• Stressed extended family ties• Were based on oral tradition• Were often matrilineal• Were weakened & destroyed by
the slave trade during the
1500’s