class and risk management
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Class and risk management. Shipping and the Law Naples, 3 October 2013. Philippe BOISSON. Class and risk management. The risk management philosophy Implementation of risk management methods New approach in the maritime safety regulatory regime Classification and risk management approach - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
2Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
Class and risk management
1. The risk management philosophy
2. Implementation of risk management methods
3. New approach in the maritime safety regulatory regime
4. Classification and risk management approach
5. Goal Based Standards and Common Structural Rules
6. Classification rules for very large vessel
7. Classification of ships/units in Arctic conditions
8. Risk based design
9. Consequences for the shipping community
40 > Sorting elements ----
X
Y
Z
X
Y
Z0.00E+00
1.58E-01
3.16E-01
4.74E-01
6.32E-01
7.90E-01
9.48E-01
1.11E+00
1.26E+00
STRESS RATIO COMPONENTS
ALL LOAD CASES
GEN/BEAM PerLong
TR/PLATE PerComb
QD/SHELL PerMax
BAR PerLong
TR/MEMB PerComb
VeriSTAR
Ship : PR9156-U State : First state (16/01/98)
Model : scantling (04/06/98) DSA Top Down : middle hold
3Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
The risk management philosophy
► Traditional way to produce safety regulations based on a deterministic philosophy being called into questions
► New approaches to maritime safety with risk-based rulemaking
► Risk definition
► Risk management recognised as a part of good management practise
Risk Management – the two key
questions
What is the chance of the risk occuring ?
What are the consequences if the risk does occur ?
Identify
Measure/ Evaluate
Action(s)
The three stages
4Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
Implementation of risk management methods
► FSA: Formal Safety Assessment
► Applied in many sectors regarded as risk-prone
► Offshore industry : the Safety Case
Origin : Piper Alpha accident (1988)
Norway and the UK both shifted from prescriptive to goal‐setting regulation
Requires a Safety Case to make the case to the regulator that the proposed installation and its operation are safe
5Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
► Introduced in 1993 by UK at IMO
► Defined as “a rational and systematic process for accessing the risk related to maritime safety and the protection of the marine environment and for evaluating the costs and benefits of IMO’s options for reducing these risks”
► FSA Guidelines defined by IMO
► Applied to high-speed craft, oil tankers (propulsion and emergency steering devices), bulk carriers (Double Side Skin)
► Series of problems raised by FSA
► Possible links between FSA and GBS
New approaches in the maritime safety regulatory regime:Formal Safety Assessment (FSA)
6Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
FSA: A five step risk based approach
Definition of Goals, Systems, Operations
Hazard Identification
Cause and Frequency Analysis
Consequence Analysis
Risk Summation
Risk Controlled?
Options to decrease
Frequencies
Options to mitigate
Consequences
Cost Benefit Assessment
Reporting
NoNo
Yes
Scenario definition
Step 1Hazard Identification
Step 2Risk Assessment
Step 3Risk Control Options
Step 4 - Cost BenefitAssessment
Step 5 - Recommendationsfor Decision Making
Preparatory Step
7Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
Classification and risk management approach
► Genesis of classification rules
State of the art of the naval architecture
Return of experience
► 3 factors have impacted new rules
Development of GBS
New technical challenges
Recognition of alternative design
8Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
Goal Based Standards (GBS) and Common Structural Rules (CSR)
Goals
Functional requirements
Prescriptive Regulations & Class Rules
Applicable industry and Code of Practice
Verification criteria
TIER I
TIER II
TIER III
TIER IV
TIER V
9Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
Classification rules for very large vessel
► Mega containerships
New hydro structural issues in design and verification processes
Springing and whipping phenomena
Slamming effect
► Very Large Ore Carriers
Procedure for directly calculating fatigue assessment
Advanced calculations ensure that all critical structures are adequately designed to meet specified fatigue and strength requirements
► Ultra Large Crude Carriers
10Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
Classification of ships/units in Arctic conditions
NSR cargo transit is growing
2012 : 46 transits (1.3 M tons)
2021 : 40 M tons (est.)
Bureau Veritas Artic initiatives
Ice Class Rules and Notations
IceSTAR Software Tool
Direct Calculation of ice loads for a Panamax bulk carrier
Design considerations/studies of a LNG carrier/FPU for operation in the Arctic
NSR6,920 nm (*)
SCR11,430 nm (*)
The Northern Sea Route (NSR)
(*) = Hamburg - Shanghai
11Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
Risk base substantiation alternative designs
► Risk analysis: a recognized means to support design
well established in the offshore industry
when designs have to met specified safety criteria set by an operator or a regulation authority
► Ship design to be risk-based ?
SOLAS reg. II-2 /17 allows alternative designs to be substantiated by a risk analysis for passenger ships
► It provides flexibility in order to adapt safety measures to novel designs in a reasonable manner, as long as the proposed alternative is demonstrated to be as safe as the prescriptive solution.
12Class & Risk Management _ Shipping and the Law, Naples, 3 October 2013
Conclusion: consequences for the shipping community
► New duties for class societies
Integrates risk-based methods in formulating new rules
Rules Implementation : risk-based inspection
Class provider of risk services
► Shipowner to assume a greater responsibility
Ships at a minimum level of safety
TMSA programme for tankers
► IMO : the future of maritime safety