class 5 thinking- types, processes and skills-030809_025337

8/14/2019 Class 5 Thinking- Types, Processes and Skills-030809_025337

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Thinking- Types, Processes

and SkillsClass 5


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Learning Objectives

Understand the various

processes and types of thinking

Be able to distinguish the

difference between convergentvs. divergent

Difference between critical and

creative thinking.


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Definition of thinking & processes The purposeful exploration of experience maps

An operating skill whereby intelligence acts uponexperience.

Thinking (cognitive) processes includes:

Perceiving

Recalling

Conceiving ideas

Reasoning

Analysing Comparing

Imagining

Judging


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Left vs. Right Brain

RATIONAL/

LOGICAL

CRITICAL

JUDGEMENTAL

ABSTRACT

CREATIVE

INTUITIVE


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Our thinking brain


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Our thinking brain Frontal lobes complex mental activities such as

decision-making. Include conceptualizing, planningand the conscious appreciation of emotion.

Parietal lobes Sensory perception, movement,

orientation, calculation and some types of

recognition. Occipital lobes Visual processing.

Temporal lobes processing sound, speech

comprehension and expression.


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Our feeling brainExcept for smell, many

types of information

destined for the cerebral

cortex are routed

through here.

Generates emotions from

our perceptions and thoughts. Whywe feel strong and immediate emotions

when we smell something.

Is involved with emotionalreactions and in learning. It

helps us to process information

and direct it for storage as a

memory.


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Convergent vs. divergent thinking

More deliberate

More explicitMay close prematurelyExamines difficult issuesUses logic to judgeCan stay focused

Defers judgementLooks for lots of ideasAccepts more ideasLet ideas simmerCombines and builds on ideasCan go off-track (digresses)

Balanced

Flexible

WholeBrained

CONVERGENTCONVERGENT

THINKINGTHINKING

DIVERGENTDIVERGENT

THINKINGTHINKING


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Critical vs. Creative Thinking

Compares and

contrasts many ideasImproves and refinesQuestions and

verifiesScreens, selects and

supports ideasMakes decisions

Compares and

contrasts many ideasImproves and refinesQuestions and

verifiesScreens, selects and

supports ideasMakes decisions

Many possibilitiesSuspends judgmentNew and unusual

possibilitiesUses imagination

and intuition(gerak

hati)Generates and

selects alternatives

Many possibilitiesSuspends judgmentNew and unusual

possibilitiesUses imagination

and intuition(gerak

hati)Generates and

selects alternatives


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Brain dominance, gender & thinking

Corpus callosum body of tissue that connects the

left and right brain hemispheres. This matures 2-3

years earlier in girls than in boys. It is also 10-12%

denser(tebal) in the female brain.

This means women may take longer to make adecision, but the decision is usually more holistic.

Women on average also have better language

skills(kuasai bahasa).

Men tend to favour maths and science. Better visual

spatial skills(image).


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Hormonal influences.

Testosterone (male hormone) influences both the

physical and emotional aspects of behavior, producingmore muscle density and strength, as well as

predisposition(kecenderungan) towards aggressiveness

and competitiveness(suka bersaing). Also influences

visual-spatial ability.

Estrogen (female hormone) brain becomes more alert

and receptive

(terbuka).

Progesterone (female hormone) reduces blood flow tothe brain resulting in lower oxygen that causes

fatigue(keletihan) or depression.


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Biology vs. culture

While biological differences doinfluence to some extent the way a

man and woman approach life, the

socio-cultural difference have actually

determined the roles played by menand women in society.

For example, while women might be

more suited to become a nurse, thisdoes not mean that a woman cannot

become a pilot.

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