CLARREO Mission Studies OverviewCLARREO Mission Studies Overview

David F. Young

First CLARREO Mission Study Team Meeting

Newport News, VA

April 30 - May 2

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Why are we here?

• This is the first team meeting of the Climate Absolute Radiance And Refractivity Observatory Mission Study Team (CLARREO-MST)

• Team Charter

– To advise the NASA HQ Program Scientist, Program Manager, and Program Executive on all aspects of the pre-Phase A study of the mission that are relevant to the scientific community.

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Team Goals

• Develop and refine the science requirements for CLARREO. These requirements should reflect, and build upon, recommendations from previous studies, including the NAS Decadal Survey for Earth Science, and the work of the CLARREO Workshop (July 2007).

• Work with the Global Climate Modeling (GCM) community and other data users to demonstrate the scientific and societal benefits of CLARREO.

• Comment upon the impact on the science program of critical and enhancing technologies for CLARREO. This will include confirmation that the architecture eventually adopted will achieve the program's science goals.

• Assist NASA in developing opportunities for collaboration between other programs in the Earth Science Division and other institutions, agencies, and nations.

• Represent CLARREO to the communities that the mission will serve, including scientific communities, space agencies, educators, the general public, and governmental bodies.

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Chartered Activities

• Development of detailed science, mission, and instrument requirements in conjunction with the Program Scientist and Program Executive.

• Assist in defining and evaluating trade studies to define the mission architecture.

• Assist in selecting a single, feasible architecture at the conclusion of the pre-Phase A study. This architecture must meet the highest-level statement of CLARREO science objectives, as well being technically feasible, with acceptable risk, and affordable within the ESD budget.

• Develop a "Science Roadmap" for CLARREO to guide NASA in developing the most suitable and cost-effective architecture for CLARREO, addressing:

– a) What science questions must be answered before a properly informed architecture selection can be made?

– b) What must be done to answer these questions?

– c) When is it reasonable and feasible to have answers for the architecture selection?

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Goals of FY08 - FY09 Studies

• Define clear mission requirements to ensure that NASA’s performance objectives are met, future costs are contained, and delays are minimized.

• Respond to three areas of concern expressed by the ESS NAC- The CLARREO mission seems to require further definition of what it aims to

achieve and of its mission requirements. - That mission also needs more buy-in from the climate modeling community that it

is intended to serve. - The ESD cost estimate for CLARREO has come out much higher than the DS

estimate

• Engage major participants from the 2007 workshop and the primary users of CLARREO data in a focused integrated plan resulting in a defined mission

ready for implementation in FY10

• The initial focus will be on science definition

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Who are we?

• The study plan represents an integrated strategy that engages climate scientists, modelers, satellite instrument teams and calibration experts from:- NASA LaRC, GSFC, MSFC, and JPL

- U.C. Berkeley / GISS / GFDL

- Harvard University

- University of Wisconsin-Madison

- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

- Contributing, but not funded:

• Imperial College / National Physics Laboratory (UK)

• National Institute of Standards and Technology

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Today’s Meeting Objectives

• Set the stage for the mission studies

– Understanding our charter from NASA HQ

• Integrate our studies into a coherent plan

– Focus on FY08 science studies

– Begin the planning for FY09 studies

• Become a team

• Deliver to our sponsors

– An integrated plan and schedule

– A completed traceability matrix

• Note: This is not the second community workshop

– This will be scheduled for September / October

– The results of today’s meeting will frame the discussion at the workshop

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CLARREO and Climate Science

• The overarching science objective for CLARREO is to measure long-term trends in key climate variables necessary to improve climate prediction accuracy

• CLARREO will provide the first SI-traceable spectral radiance benchmarks at absolute accuracy high enough to observe decadal climate change.

• Major contributions to climate science- Improve assessment of climate predictions for public policy

- Provide climate-accuracy calibration for operational sensors

- Dramatically reduce the effects of climate record data gaps

- Provide the first space-based measurements of the Earth’s far infrared spectrum which is half of the cooling to space.

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Urgency for CLARREO

• CLARREO will be the next leap forward for climate observing

- This mission will be the start of a key long-term climate data record in conjunction with TSIS and CERES

- Intercalibration capability will make CLARREO the cornerstone of the climate observing system

- The value of climate data records increases dramatically with the length and accuracy of the record.

- The remaining large uncertainties in climate forcing and sensitivity, coupled with long greenhouse gas time scales of 100 years or more demands prompt answers.

- Decadal change observations are the ultimate test of the accuracy of decade to century climate predictions.

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Mission Definition Status

• The key elements of this mission are known

- Highly accurate spectral measurements for climate

• The technology development efforts are on a path to success

- No show stoppers identified.

- Instrument Incubators will reduce cost and schedule risk

• Science requirements need clarification

• The final science requirements will not change the feasibility of the mission, but can have a major effect on cost

• CLARREO can be ready for launch in early 2015

– Current budget cannot accommodate a third Decadal Mission until 2017

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ID Priority Questions

A 1 What climate trend components can benchmark radiances provide (clouds, water vapor, temp, etc)?

B,C 1 What climate trend components can be provided by intercalibration?

Can you intercalibrate filter radiometers (MODIS) to achieve climate accuracy?

D 2 Will the accuracy of the GNSS radio occultation enable us to determine the systematic errors in climate record?

E 2 What is the optimal way to "independently" validate the CLARREO data?

F 3 What is the required spatial/ temporal/angular coverage?

G 4 What is the spectral resolution required (IR and solar)? Note: decadal survey recommends 1 cm^-1 for IR, 15nm for solar.

H 4 What is the appropriate footprint size for optimal fingerprinting, inter-calibration, and validation?

I 4 What is the spectral range required for infrared?

Key Science Questions

• Using the Decadal Survey, Workshop recommendations, and community feedback the following key set of questions were identified and prioritized. These must be answered to provide clear definition of the CLARREO mission.

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Study Approach to Define Mission Scenarios

• Coordinate and focus all studies on answering prioritized science questions

• Assign responsibility to each group for specific results

• Structured reporting and group integration using telecons, science team meetings, and community workshops

• Key elements of studies• Perform climate model CLARREO Simulations (climate OSSEs) to define

requirements for IR and solar benchmarks

• Perform CLARREO simulations using AIRS and SCHIAMACHY spectra to define requirements

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Expected Result

By the end of FY09 we will have defined threshold and goal requirements for the major cost drivers, including:

• Pointing versus nadir only

• Number of orbits required

• Planned mission life

• Spectral range and resolution

• Spatial and temporal sampling

• Footprint size

• GPS requirements

• Validation approach (e.g., aircraft, satellite, high-altitude balloon)

• Level of international partnering

• Scope of mission – demo versus full mission

• Possible inclusion of other instruments (e.g., CERES, TSIS)

• The results of the trade studies will be used at the Community Workshops to make informed decisions regarding these cost drivers

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Mission Study Schedule

• Key Milestones

– Community Workshop in Sept/Oct 2008• Preliminary trade study results

– Monthly Telecons• Address issues and share interim results

– Team Meeting in Feb 2009

– Community Workshop July 2009• Prepare for Mission Concept Review

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Study Integration - LW Traceability Matrix

FOV Swath λ Resolutionλ Coverage Accuracy Noise ( )Orbit s / S C Pointing / S C Pointing Science Driver ( )km ( )km ( -1)cm ( -1)cm ( , 2K σ) ( , 1K σ) (#, , )Inclin Alt( , )Range Speed /Knowl Cont

Benchmark Spectral Radiance ( )Spectral Radiance Clear Sky X X X X X X ( )Spectral Radiance All Sky X X X X X X Surface Temperature X X X

Air Temperature Profile X X X Water Vapor Profile X X X ( , , ,Cloud Property C Z Tε(λ), )Deff X X X X

Infrared Aerosol Forcing X X Water Vapor Greenhouse Effect X X X Cloud Feedback X X X X X Water Vapor Feedback X X X X Lapse Rate Feedback X X X X

Calibration of Other Sensors, , CrIS IASI AIRS spectrometers X X X X X X X X X

/ / MODIS VIIRS AATSR imagers X X X X X X X/ Landsat ASTER imagers X X X X

CERES broadband X X X X X Geo Imagers X X X X X ( . . )Geo Sounders e g GIFTS X X X X X ( )Geo broadband GERB X X X X X

Lead FOV Swath λ Resolution λ Coverage Accuracy Noise ( )Orbit s / S C Pointing / S C Pointing- Pre Phase A Infrared Study Role ( )km ( )km ( -1)cm ( -1)cm ( , 2K σ) ( , 1K σ) (#, , )Inclin Alt( , )Range Speed /Knowl Cont

Benchmark Spectral Radiance Climate Models -UC Berkeley X X X X X X

- All sky Benchmarking Harvard X X X X X X Orbit Simulations , Harvard UMD X/ CERES Geo Diurnal Cycle LaRC X

- + A train radiative model LaRC X X X X/ + CERES MODIS radiative model LaRC X X X

/ + AIRS IASI radiative model Wisconsin X X X IR instrument Harvard X X X X X X

Blackbody development Wisconsin X X, Detector beam splitter LaRC X X X X X X

Instrument Modeling LaRC X X

Calibration of Other Sensors/ AVHRR AVHRR LaRC X X X X X X

/GOES AVHRR LaRC X X X/ / / - AIRS IASI SHIS NAST I Wisconsin X X X X X X/ /AIRS TES MODIS , JPL UW X X X X X/ CERES CERES LaRC X X X X X X/ CERES GERB LaRC X X X X

Orbit Simulations LaRC X X

Science Driver

Science StudyX

XKey Studies

ContributingStudies

Not Fundedby this study

(Possible IIPs)

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Study Integration - SW Traceability Matrix

Instrument or Instrument &Science Driver FOV Swath λ Resolution λ Coverage PolarizationAccuracy Noise ( )Orbit s / S C Pointing / S C Pointing

( )km ( )km ( )nm ( )nm ( ,% )Res acc (%, 2σ) (%, 1σ) (#, , )Inclin Alt( , )Range Speed /Knowl Cont

Benchmark Spectral Radiance Spectral Trends Clr X X X X X X X X Spectral Trends All X X X X X X

Cloud Feedback X X X X X Aerosol Forcing X X X

Sfc Albedo Forcing X X X X X Vegetation Change X X X X X

Land Use Change X X X X X Solar Irradiance X

Spectral Solar X X X

Calibration of Other SensorsCERES X X X X X X

/MODIS VIIRS X X X X X X X X X Geo Imagers X X X X X X X X ( )Geo broadband GERB X X X X X

/SeaWiFS MERIS X X X X X X X X X/Landsat SPOT X X X X X X X

/GOME Schiamachy X X X X X X, APS POLDER X X X X X X X

???UV ozone X X X X X X X X Solar Irradiance X X X

Spectral Solar X X X XLunar X X X X X

Instrument or Instrument &Pre-Phase A Solar Study Lead FOV Swath λ Resolution λ Coverage PolarizationAccuracy Noise ( )Orbit s / S C Pointing / S C Pointing

Role ( )km ( )km ( )nm ( )nm ( ,% )Res acc (%, 2σ) (%, 1σ) (#, , )Inclin Alt( , )Range Speed /Knowl Cont

Benchmark Spectral Radiance Climate Models -UC Berkeley X X X X X X X

300-2500Schiamachy nm LaRC X X X X X X/ + CERES MODIS radiative model LaRC X X X X X X X 3 + CERES SYN hrly rad model LaRC X

- A train clear freq vs FOV LaRC X- cryo cooled cavity UK NPL X X X

spectrometer LASP X X X X X X X Instrument modeling LASP X X X X

Calibration of Other Sensors + MODIS radiative model , LaRC GSFC X X X X X

Max Latitude for polar cal LaRC X + Schiamachy filter tests LaRC X X X X X

Filter characterization GSFC X X X/AVHRR AVHRR LaRC X X X X X X

/GOES AVHRR LaRC X X X/ CERES CERES LaRC X X X X X X/ CERES GERB LaRC X X X X

Orbit Simulations LaRC X X

Science Driver

Science StudyX

XKey Studies

ContributingStudies

Not Fundedby this study

(Possible IIPsor Partners)

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Roles and Responsibilities

• Study Team

– Participate in study planning

– Timely expenditure of funds

– Deliver on milestones

• Langley

– Project support

– Funds

– Interface with NASA HQ and Earth Systematic Missions Office

– Trade study coordination

– Additional resources

• Hosting and maintaining CLARREO web site for community advocacy

– Looking for assistance in developing content

• Providing study team file server

– All presentations for workshops and team meetings

– Single collection point for study results

– Resource for CLARREO graphics and videos

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#1 Role and Responsibility

Make CLARREO happen