clara clara - cooperación latino americana de redes avanzadas: milestones, plans and the future...

ClaraClaraCLARA - Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas: milestones, plans and the future October 2003Michael StantonMember, CLARA Technical CommitteeRede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa do Brasil - RNP<[email protected]>

Michael Stanton - Internet2 ITF October 20032

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A Brief Story of Networking in Latin America

• Political, linguistic and cultural considerations have traditionally led to considerable interaction between countries within the region

However, networking has not followed this model:• First connections (BITNET) starting 1986 using satellite

links between the US and each country separately• Same topology inherited with transition to Internet• Even multilateral initiatives (RedHUCyT in mid 90s and

AMPATH from 2001) have used traffic hubs in the US.


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First global conections from LA countries

Two “classical” phases of connectivity:

• e-mail networks (BITNET, UUCP)• full Internet (IP) connectivity

• Table shows the first connections for each LA NREN (National Research and Education Network)

MX CL BR NI UY PY VE AR CR

e-mail 86 86 88 88 88 89 90 90 90

IP 89 92 91 94 94 95 92 93 93

CO EC PE BO CU PA GT SV HN

e-mail 90 91 91 91 91 92 92 94 94

IP 94 92 94 95 96 94 95 96 95


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Influence of telecommunications infrastructure

• Until very recently, the only available telecom infrastructure for data communication was by satellite– cost independent of distance– no incentive for establishing links within the region, as all

countries were mainly interested in access to global Internet

• Recent important changes (since late 1990s):– end of state telecom monopoly in many countries

• competition and lower prices• most LA NRENs replaced by commodity IP providers

(for economic or political reasons)– building out of new infrastructure based on submarine

fibre optical cables


ClaraClaraOptical cable infra-structure

• Advances in optical transmission technologies have recently made it possible to build very long distance undersea communications systems based on DWDM

• In the late 1990s, many new DWDM cable systems were built, vastly increasing the installed capacity

• Principal new undersea cable operators in Latin America:– Global Crossing– Telefonica International Wholesale Services - TIWS

(e-mergia)– New World Networks (ARCOS cable)


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New Optical Cables in Latin America

PanamericanE-mergia (Telefonica)ImpSatTransandinoUniSurGlobal Crossing


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New cables in the Caribbean (Maya2 & Arcos)

Curacao

North Miami

Cat Island

Crooked Island

Providenciales(Turks & Caicos Islands)

Puerto Plata

San Juan

Punta Cana

WillemstadPunto Fijo

Riohacha

UstupoMariaChiquita

PuertoLimon

Bluefields

PuertoCabezas

PuertoLempira

Trujillo

PuertoCortes

PuertoBarrios

Ladyville

Cancun

Tulum

271km

309km

319km

376km

258km

325km 291km

1006km

242km372km

351km

314km301km371km

270km

279km

258km

339km

241km294km

363km

165km

114km

474km

521km Maya

Arcos(festoon)


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Ampath: The GC-FIU Initiative

• In 2000 thanks to an initiative by FIU, Global Crossing donates 10 DS-3s to be used by 10 countries in LA to connect to the Internet2 thru a POP located in Miami

• In June 2001, Chile’s REUNA becomes the first LA NREN to get connected to the Ampath POP

• In December 2001, both Argentina (RETINA) and Brazil (RNP) get connected to Ampath

• In January 2002, FAPESP from Brazil connects to Ampath separetly from RNP

• In April 2003, Venezuela’s REACCIUN gets connected to Ampath

• All links are DS-3• All connections are free of charge from GC for 3 years


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Present Internet2 Connectivity in Latin America

AmPath• uses Global Crossing• connects AR, BR (2), CL,

VE• 45 Mbps • all connections are point to

point from Miami, and thence to Abilene

Mexico• cross-border connections to

USA (TX and CA)

AmPath


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Present State of Latin American NRENs

Established education and research networks:• With dedicated Internet2 connections:

Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela• Some with dedicated int’l connectivity:

Cuba, Uruguay

Education and research networks being re-established(present nat’l/int’l connectivity through commercial ISPs)

• Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, El Salvador

No education/research network (most connected to Internet via commercial ISPs): Nicaragua, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Haiti, rest of Caribbean


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Abundant

Medium

Narrow

Argentina - RETINA (www.retina.ar)

•4 with advanced connectivity

•8 in the near future

•57 with low connectivity

- 45 Mbps to AmPath


ClaraClara- ATM backbone

- 14 nodes- 300 Mbps total b/w

- FR to other PoPs- 15 state networks- Aggregate int’l b/w

over 400 Mbps (incl. 90 Mbps to AmPath)

- new backbone in 4Q2003

Brazil - RNP (www.rnp.br/index_en.html)


ClaraClaraIquique

Antofagasta

Copiapó

La Serena

ValparaísoSantiago

Talca

Con cepción

TemucoValdivia

Arica

Osorno

Chile - REUNA (www.reuna.cl)

u t f s mre u n a

u ch ile

u m ce

u fro

u a ch

u te m

V a lpa ra ís o

S a n t ia g o

C o n ce pció n

Te m u co

V a ldiv ia

u n a p u ta

u cn

u a n to f

I qu iqu e

A n to fa g a s ta

C o pia pó

u s e re n a

L a S e re n a

Ta lca

u ta lca

u dau da

u de c

u bio bio

u la g o s

S witch de B a ck bo n e

S witch de A cce s o

R o u te r de A cce s o

Tra m a S D HFO M u lt im o doFO M o n o m o do

u dp

u n a p Un iv e rs ida d A rtu ro Pra tu ta Un iv e rs ida d de Ta ra pa cáu cn Un iv e rs ida d C a tó lica de l No rteu a n to f Un iv e rs ida d de A n to fa g a s tau da Un iv e rs ida d de A ta ca m au s e re n a Un iv e rs ida d de la S e re n au t f s m Un iv e rs ida d Técn ico Fe de rico S a n ta M a ríau ch ile Un iv e rs ida d de C h ileu te m Un iv e rs ida d Te cn o ló g ica M e tro po lita n au m ce Un iv e rs ida d M e tro po lita n a de C s . de la Edu ca ció nu dp Un iv e rs ida d D ie g o Po rta le su ta lca Un iv e rs ida d de Ta lcau de c Un iv e rs ida d de C o n ce pció nu bio bio Un iv e rs ida d de l B ío B íou fro Un iv e rs ida d de la Fro n te rau a ch Un iv e rs ida d A u s tra l de C h ileu la g o s Un iv e rs ida d de lo s L a g o s

- ATM backbone- 10

nodes- 10/60

Mbps- 45 Mbps to

AmPath


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Mexico - CUDI (www.cudi.edu.mx)

• Internal links at 155 Mbps

• 400 Mbps of int’l connectivity


ClaraClaraWhere do we go from here?

• AMPATH´s achievements– Initial boost for Advanced Networking in LA– Stimulus for advanced connectivity inside each country– Motivation for collaborative projects– Connectivity needs, delayed till now due to high costs, being

solved

BUT

• Why does LA communicate internally through Miami?

• Why does LA communicate with other parts of the world through the US?


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The @LIS iniciative of the European Union

• Through GÉANT, the European R&E community enjoys high bandwidth connectivity with N. America

• Initiatives already taken to improve connectivity to Asian-Pacific, Mediterranean and Latin American regions, with support from the European Commission

• @LIS: Alliance for the Information Society (2003-2005)– 62.5 Million Euros for EU-LA on Information Society

Issues– 10 Million Euros for Interconnecting Europe & Latin

American Research and Education Networks (cost sharing: EU 80% - LA 20%)


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CAESAR: Connecting All European and South American Researchers.

European initiative to prepare for the @LIS program• Promote EU-LA connectivity through regional

connectivity within LA plus a large pipe to Europe• Participants: DANTE, NRENs of Spain and Portugal• CAESAR Workshop 2002 in Toledo became starting

point for CLARA – cooperative organisation for advanced networking in

LA– regional network:

feasibility study showed that @LIS budget sufficient to establish advanced connectivity to all LA countries


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• Association of NRENs in LA open to all LA Countries– constituted in Uruguay (like LACNIC)– Bylaws signed on June 10, 2003 in Mexico

• Coordination amongst LA-NRENs and other stakeholders• Cooperation for the promotion of scientific and

technological development• Planning and implementation of network services for

regional interconnection


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The Clara Network (RedClara)

• Development of a regional network (here called RedCLARA) to interconnect the NRENs operated by its

members • Cost to connect to the backbone will be the same for

every country at equal bandwidth• RedCLARA to connect LA at first to Europe and then to

other regions• May improve Internet2 connectivity by optimising LA

participation in AMPATH• CLARA is not limited to @LIS/CAESAR time scale and

restrictions• The joint EU-LA project, ALICE, is a very important

initiative but not CLARA’s only goal


ClaraClaraNRENs’ Present Status

• Argentina RETINA Operational• Brazil RNP Operational• Bolivia - Organizing• Colombia - Organizing • Costa Rica CRNet Operational• Cuba RedUniv Operational• Chile REUNA Operational• Ecuador CEDIA Organizing• El Salvador RAICES Organizing• Guatemala RAGIE Organizing• Honduras - Organizing• Mexico CUDI Operational• Nicaragua - Organizing• Panamá RedCyt Organizing• Paraguay ARANDU Organizing• Perú RAP Organizing• Uruguay RAU Operational• Venezuela REACCIUN Operational


ClaraClaraComments about CLARA

• CLARA responds to long-standing need for coordination between LA NRENs.

• Builds on trust-building already carried out between major partners

• Offers support for NREN building in other LA countries by provision of support and int’l connectivity


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ALICE project: June 2003 - May 2006

ALICE - América Latina Interconectada Con Europa• Successor project to CAESAR• Coordinated by DANTE, with participation of NRENs from

Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and the CLARA countries, and eventually CLARA itself

• February 2003: technical definitions complete• June 2003: Open tender for provisioning of links• September/October 2003: Link contracts assigned• February 2004: Network operational

Notes:• DANTE is the project coordinator and will sign contracts

with users and providers• CLARA is expected to represent interests of LA users in

the medium term (one year)


ClaraClaraSuggested network topology

• Major connectivity between Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico (at least 45 Mbps)

• Other countries connect to major nodes (between 10 and 45 Mbps)

• Large pipe to Europe (at least 155 Mbps)

• Reasonable expectations of greater bandwidth than these minimum values, at least on backbone


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Two possible ALICE network scenarios(based on early responses to tender)

NOTE: tender is still not finalised

Network expected to be operational in February, 2004


ClaraClaraNext steps?

• With the RedCLARA in place, most LA R&E institutions will be accessible through the new infrastructure– Unequalled opportunities for intra-regional

cooperation, strengthening internal cohesion– Opportunities for collaboration with outside groups

• How will connectivity for new collaborations be funded?– EU @LIS initiative the first to invest outside money in

regional connectivity infrastructure – very generous cost sharing (EU 80% - LA 20%)

– Future external collaboration projects should follow the European example, adding additional value to the shared connectivity infrastructure, rather than seeking dedicated connectivity for “their” specific projects


ClaraClaraNext steps?

• Joint study CLARA – Internet2 already underway:– Identify principal areas of scientific collaboration

between US and CLARA countries, which require advanced networking:

• astronomy• earth sciences• health sciences• high energy physics• life sciences

– Suggest specific investment in shared infrastructure as an efficient means of attaining sectorial project goals


ClaraClaraConclusion

• International cooperation (through AmPath and CLARA) has repercussions:– provides valuable opportunities for academic user

community in LA to collaborate with peer groups in other countries

– permits the acquiring and diffusion of experience in advanced networking technologies, often absent in LA countries

– permits effective attainment of connectivity goals through shared support of common infrastructure


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Acknowledgements and references

• With thanks to many colleagues from both Europe and Latin America, too many all to be mentioned here individually. Most of the LA maps are by Florencio Utreras, from REUNA (Chile).

• ALICE website:www.dante.net/alice

• ALICE brochure (in English, Spanish and Portuguese):www.dante.net/alice/ALICEbrochure.pdf

clara clara - cooperación latino americana de redes avanzadas: milestones, plans and the future...

Documents

michael stanton member

brasil rnp slide

new cables

new infrastructure

new optical cables

education network slide

ampath pop

new dwdm cable systems