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Unit 7: ReconstructionAmerican History 1 Course Materials

Table of Contents:

Assignment Name Date Assigned Progress Grade

1. Unit 7 Vocabulary

2. Reconstruction Plans Chart

3. Reconstruction Amendments

4. America the Story of Us: Heartland

5. Black Codes

6. Reconstructing Society

7. Reconstruction Timeline

8. Successes & Failures T-chart

9. Unit 7 Study Guide

(back of the cover page)

American History 1 - Unit 7: ReconstructionDefinition and historically accurate sentence without using the definition. Relevant example or draw a picture

Reconstruction: Rebuilding after being damaged or destroyed.Use it in a sentence:

Amnesty: An official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offense(s).Use it in a sentence:

Freedman: an emancipated slave.

Use it in a sentence:

Impeach: To officially accuse a public official with misconduct.Use it in a sentence:

Black Codes: Laws established after the Civil War that defined/limited the rights of former slaves.Use it in a sentence:

Carpetbaggers: A political candidate who seeks election in an area where they have no local connections.Use it in a sentence:

Scalawags: A white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit.Use it in a sentence:

Sharecropper: A farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent.Use it in a sentence:

Tenant farmer: A person who farms rented land.Use it in a sentence:

Crop liens: farmers who did not own the land they worked obtained supplies and food on credit from local merchants.

Use it in a sentence:

Fifteenth Amendment: Gives all American men the right to vote, regardless of race.Use it in a sentence:

Ku Klux Klan: a secret society of white Southerners in the United States formed to resist the emancipation of slaves; used terrorist tactics to suppress Black peopleUse it in a sentence:

Graft: use of a politician's authority for personal gain.

Use it in a sentence:

Map Terms: Review Time! Be able to identify the following states on the map.

1. Alaska2. Arizona3. California4. Colorado5. Florida6. Hawaii7. Idaho8. Iowa9. Kansas10. Michigan11. Minnesota12. Montana13. Nebraska14. Nevada15. New Mexico16. North Dakota17. Oklahoma18. Oregon19. South Dakota20. Texas21. Utah22. Washington23. West Virginia24. Wisconsin25. Wyoming

Reconstruction Plans Directions: Use information from your notes & textbook pages 271-277 to fill the chart below about the different ideas about Reconstruction.

Explain how each plan addresses these issues ↓ Pres. Lincoln: 10% plan Radical Republicans: Wade-

Davis Bill Pres. Johnson’s plan

Amnesty and pardon for Confederates?

Procedure for readmitting southern states to the Union?

Rights and treatment of former slaves (freedmen)?

Formation of state governments?

Civil War or Civil Rights AmendmentsDirections: Use the text from the amendments and what you have learned in class to answer the questions about the Civil War Amendments.

AMENDMENT XIII Ratified December 6, 1865SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

1. What is the basic provision of the 13th amendment?

2. What does the 13th amendment fail to provide for?

3. When did the 13th Amendment become law?

AMENDMENT XIV Ratified July 9, 1868.Note: Article I, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by section 2 of the 14th amendment.Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

4. According to the 14th Amendment what people are US citizens?

5. What was the purpose of the statement of citizenship?

6. What are the “privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States”?

7. Define “due process of law”.

8. Define “equal protection of the laws”.

9. Why were these clauses included in the 14th Amendment?

AMENDMENT XV Ratified February 3, 1870.Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude--

10. What is the basic provision of the 15th Amendment?

11. When was this amendment adopted?

12. List some ways the South was able to avoid application of this amendment.

DRAW A PICURE (with at least 4 colors) FOR EACH AMENDMENT TO HELP YOU REMEMBER IT.

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America: The Story of Us Episode 6: “Heartland”1. How long did it take to cross the continent?

2. What 2,000 mile ‘technology’ connected the nation?

3. Who was “Crazy Judah?” (Full name and what was he known for doing)

4. What two companies worked on the joining of the railroad? Where do they meet?

5. Over _____________ Chinese were brought over to America to work dangerous jobs on the railroad.

6. _______million hammer swings completed the railroad.

7. What one word telegraph was sent at the completion of the railroad on May 10, 1869?

8. The ________ month land journey was cut down to _____________.

9. The Homestead Act gave away _______% of American land for a $10 filing fee.

10. In 1874 over 3 trillion ___________ destroyed ½ of the crops in the west.

11. What animal was killed by the millions mainly for its hide?

12. Horses were not native to America: Who brought horses to America?

13. 1 of every 3 cowboys is _______________ or______________________.

14. What inventions helped homesteaders to settle the West/Great Plains faster than any other invention?

15. What happened at Wounded Knee Creek on December 29, 1890?

16. What was born on November 18, 1833? Why?

17. What company based in Chicago became the first ‘mail order’ company because of the railroad (and still exists today)?

Black Codes

After the slaves became free, southern states passed laws to keep blacks from real freedom. Here are some examples of the ‘black codes”.

Mississippi Vagrant Act (1865)All freedmen, free Negros, and Mulattos over the age of eighteen years, found with no lawful employment or business,

or found unlawfully assembling themselves together, either in the day or night time…shall be deemed vagrants, and on conviction thereof shall be fined…and imprisoned.

In case any freedman, free Negro or mulatto shall fail for five days after the imposition of any fine…to pay the same, that is shall be…the duty of the sheriff…to hire out said freedman, free Negro or mulatto, to any person who will, for the shortest period of service, pay said fine.

Louisiana Farm Labor Act (1865)Bad work shall not be allowed. Failing to be reasonable orders, neglect of duty, and leaving home without permission

will be deemed disobedience; impudence, swearing, or indecent language to or in the presence of the employer, his family, or agent, or quarreling and fighting with one another, shall be deemed disobedience [and fined]…All difficulties arising between the employers and laborers shall be settled by the former.

Florida Act on Public Places (1866)If any Negro, mulatto, or other person of color shall intrude himself into any religious or other public assembly of white

persons, or into any railroad car or other public vehicle set aside for the exclusive accommodation of white people, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be sentenced to stand in the pillory for one hour, or be whipped.

Mississippi Apprentice Law (1865)It shall be the duty of all…civil officers…to report to the probate courts…all freedmen, free Negros, and mulattos under

the age of eighteen…who are orphans, or whose parent or parents have not the means or who refuse to provide for and support said minors…the clerk of said court [will] apprentice said minors o some competent and suitable person…the former owner of said minor shall have preference.

Mississippi Penal Law (1865)Any freedman, free Negro, or mulatto committing malicious mischief…seditious speeches, insulting gestures, language, or acts, or assaults on any person…shall, upon conviction thereof…be fined…and may be imprisoned.

Directions: For each statement, imagine you are a free black in the South. Write the law or act that is being broken then use textual evidence to support your answer.

1. You leave work at noon to visit your sick grandmother.Law/Act? Evidence:

2. A coworker hits you with her hoe, and you start yelling at her.Law/Act? Evidence:

3. A white man driving a wagon forces you off the road, and you shake your fist at him in anger.Law/Act? Evidence:

4. You church isn’t holding services this Sunday, so you attend the whites’ Baptist church services instead.Law/Act? Evidence:

5. You’re sixteen and your parents have both died; you are running your family’s small farm.Law/Act? Evidence:

6. You just turned 19 and are looking for work. You will live with your parents until work can be found.Law/Act? Evidence:

7. You and another worker get into a fight with each other.Law/Act? Evidence:

8. You accidentally entered the wrong railroad car and realize that you are sitting in section for whites.Law/Act? Evidence:

9. The planter you work for yelled at your children so you decide to confront him using similar language.Law/Act? Evidence:

10. You decide to have a birthday party for your child and invite friends and family.Law/Act? Evidence:

Unit 7: Reconstruction – Reconstructing Society (Problems Facing the Nation after the Civil War)

Part I: After the war, the country faced serious economic, political and social problems that would make it difficult for the nation to reunite and prosper.

1. Decide if each item was a political, economic or social issue a. Economic Issues = issues dealing with money, inflation, production, trade, etc.b. Social Issues = relationships and interactions between groups, families, social institutions like schools, churches, etc.c. Political Issues = elections, federal/state relationships, political rights, laws, presidential policies

2. Did the item move the south forward or hold it back3. Provide information about each item

Political, Economic or Social?

Move Forward or Hold Back?

Death toll of war (page 368)

Destruction of property in the South

Economic conditions of the South

Public Works Programs

African American men can vote

Emerging political differences in the Republican Party

Former Slaves can move from place to place

Reunification of families

Schools open for former slaves

Political, Economic or Social?

Move Forward or Hold Back?

Former slaves open their own churches

African Americans entering politics

Laws against segregation

Sherman’s promise

What to do with land in the South (plantations)

Sharecropping

Tenant Farming

Demand for Cotton Drops

Part II: Complete the table about the different groups/programs.

1. Decide if each group was part of the problem or the solution after the war. 2. Explain how each group either contributed to the problems or the solutions

Carpetbaggers Scalawags Freedmen’s Bureau Plantation Owners1.

2.

Reconstruction TimelineDirection: Create a timeline about the events of Reconstruction following the instructions. Use your book, notes & internet to find the information.1. Find the Month/Year for each event and place them in order.2. Label the events on a timeline along with their dates.3. Describe each event and how it is related to Reconstruction. Be sure to name the individuals involved and in some

instances the result of the event (for example, it was vetoed by the President but overturned by Congress).

Passage of the Fourteenth Amendment (July 1868) Passage of the Tenure of Office Act Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment (February

1870) Radical Republican passage of the Wade-Davis Bill Lincoln’s Assassination Presidential Election of 1868 Congressional vote on the continuance of the

Freedmen’s Bureau

Announcement of Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment (December

1865) Announcement of Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Congressional Reconstruction Act of 1867 Trial of Johnson’s impeachment The Enforcement Act of 1870 (February 1870)

***Do you timeline on a separate piece of computer or notebook paper stapled to the back of the packet.

Legacy of Reconstruction• Include at least 5 things on each side of the T-chart• Use your notes and p. 289-295

SUCCESSES of Reconstruction FAILURES of Reconstruction

Unit 7 Study Guide

Two sections are Vocabulary & Map terms. *** Study your VOCABULARY and the MAP REVIEW ***

One section of the test is Multiple Choice. Answer these questions to prepare:1. Describe the period of Reconstruction:

2. Describe the similarities between Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson’ Reconstruction plans:

3. How was the Radical Republicans’ plan different that the Lincoln and Johnson’s plans?

4. Which Constitutional Amendment abolished slavery?

5. What services did the Freedmen’s Bureau provide?

6. What types of things did Black Codes include?

7. What did the Military Reconstruction Act do?

8. What did the Tenure of Office Act do?

9. Which Constitutional amendment said no one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude?

10. What is the name used to describe poor white Southerners who switched to the Republican Party during Reconstruction?

11. What is the name used to describe Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction?

12. In what ways did Freedmen build communities?

13. How did the Southern economy change after the Civil War?

14. This is the system by which the landowner provides their worker with land and seed, and in return the worker grows the crop and receives part of the profit.

15. What scandal during President Grant’s administration caused Americans to believe the government was corrupt?

16. How did the government respond to the Panic of 1873?

17. What were the reasons that Northerners lost interest in Reconstruction in the South?

18. This group consisted of white Southern Democrats who wanted to restore “home rule” in the South and get rid of the Reconstruction governments.

19. Describe the effects of the Compromise of 1877: