Civilization Chapter 1.3

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The Standard of Ur - front

Standard of Ur - back

Review

● Tools, farming, and animal domestication instead of hunting and gathering = more efficient

● Why bother hunting and gathering?! Let’s form a village!

How did villages grow into cities?●People settled in areas which

they could farm and raise animals easily

●They used tools to increase food production○e.g., hoes, sickles, plow sticks

Hoe for moving earth

Sickle for chopping grain

Plow sticks for loosening earth

What changes occurred when people began living in villages?

● Social -- social classes formed● Political -- laws and governments

formed ● Interaction w/ environment (Iw/E) --

built irrigation systems to produce more food

● Culture -- believed in gods & goddesses, art & pottery created

● Economic -- new jobs emerged, food surpluses, trade with other villages using wheels & sails (travel)

Where was the first civilization? ● Sumer in Mesopotamia

What is a civilization?

1.Advanced cities2.Specialized workers3.Complex institutions4.Record keeping5.Advanced technology

What is an advanced city?● An important trading place

What are specialized workers?● If farmers are making LOTS of food,

not everyone needs to be a farmer● People can take other jobs

○e.g., artists, traders, government officials

What are complex institutions?●Ways of organizing a community

○e.g., Church, government, economy

What might happen if a large community had no way of organizing its people?

Quick write - 2 min

What is record keeping?

● Record community information to stay organized○e.g., tax collection records,

laws, storage of grain, calendar of religious rituals, who owes who money

● Writing was invented ● Sumerians wrote in cuneiform

Cuneiform

What is improved technology?● Irrigation● Pottery ● Melted metal to make tools