CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

VS.

The South The North

Northern AdvantagesNorthern Advantages

2/3 of population lived in the North.2/3 of population lived in the North. 22 million supported the North.22 million supported the North. Much of manufacturing was in the north.Much of manufacturing was in the north. They had the best railroads.They had the best railroads. They had ¾ of the financial resources.They had ¾ of the financial resources. They maintain the navy and the merchant They maintain the navy and the merchant

marines.marines.

Southern AdvantagesSouthern Advantages

The states were compacted to fight.The states were compacted to fight. They fought defensively on their own terrain.They fought defensively on their own terrain. They had the best military leadership.They had the best military leadership. They had better soldiers.They had better soldiers.

Causes for the Civil WarCauses for the Civil War

North was developing North was developing into small farms, into small farms, busy factories and busy factories and growing citiesgrowing cities

South became an South became an agricultural empire agricultural empire with cottonwith cotton

The South wouldn’t The South wouldn’t cooperate with the cooperate with the National governmentNational government

Causes for the Civil WarCauses for the Civil War

The North wanted to The North wanted to preserve the Union preserve the Union and they didn’t worry and they didn’t worry about slaveryabout slavery

The South wanted to The South wanted to preserve their state preserve their state rights and rights and independence.independence.

Causes for the Civil WarCauses for the Civil War

The Southern States thought that they had The Southern States thought that they had the right to secede.the right to secede.

The South was more aristocratic and the The South was more aristocratic and the North was more democraticNorth was more democratic

The Southern States that Ceded The Southern States that Ceded from the Unionfrom the Union

February, 1861 the South ceded February, 1861 the South ceded into the Confederate States of into the Confederate States of AmericaAmerica

South CarolinaSouth Carolina Mississippi Mississippi FloridaFlorida AlabamaAlabama GeorgiaGeorgia Louisiana and TexasLouisiana and Texas In May, North Carolina, Tennessee, In May, North Carolina, Tennessee,

Arkansas and Virginia secedeArkansas and Virginia secede

Causes for the Civil WarCauses for the Civil War

Jefferson Davis became Jefferson Davis became the President of the President of ConfederacyConfederacy

The Confederacy began The Confederacy began to seize federal buildingsto seize federal buildings

I worked night and day for twelve years to prevent the war, but I could not. The North was mad and blind, would not let

us govern ourselves, and so the war came.

The Southern States that Ceded The Southern States that Ceded from the Unionfrom the Union

Fort Sumter was Fort Sumter was fought over on fought over on April 6,1861 and April 6,1861 and the Civil War the Civil War began.began.

Robert E. Lee left Robert E. Lee left the Union Army the Union Army to lead the to lead the Confederate Confederate ArmyArmy

These people must be aware that their object is both unlawful and

foreign to them and to their duty, and that this institution, for which

they are irresponsible and non-accountable, can only be changed by them through the agency of a

civil and servile war.

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

'House-Divided' Speech in Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858.'House-Divided' Speech in Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858.

A house divided against itself cannot stand. I A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the house to fall - but I do expect it will expect the house to fall - but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other."thing or all the other."

In 1858, Lincoln debated that In 1858, Lincoln debated that slavery was morally and politically slavery was morally and politically wrongwrong

His goal was to preserve, protect His goal was to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution.and defend the Constitution.

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

"...that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God,

shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government

of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863.

The Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation

The slaves were freed on January 1, 1863The slaves were freed on January 1, 1863 The North now fought for freedom of people.The North now fought for freedom of people. The proclamation applied only to areas held by The proclamation applied only to areas held by

the Confederacy (South).the Confederacy (South).

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln signed the signed the Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation which Proclamation which freed the slaves.freed the slaves.

Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves on January 1, 1863on January 1, 1863

Abraham Lincoln and his CabinetPainted by F.B. Carpenter; engraved by A. H. Ritchie

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation ProclamationSlaves were freed in 1863 by Slaves were freed in 1863 by

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation (excerpt)(excerpt)

“And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.”

Why did President Lincoln Why did President Lincoln free the slaves?free the slaves?

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run

Confederate Capital became Richmond, Confederate Capital became Richmond, VirginiaVirginia

Bull Run was outside of Washington D. C. Bull Run was outside of Washington D. C. (1st battle that Union lost)(1st battle that Union lost)

The Union lost the battle and they were The Union lost the battle and they were forced to retreatforced to retreat

George B. McClellan led the army at the George B. McClellan led the army at the PotomacPotomac

General Ulysses GrantGeneral Ulysses Grant

General Ulysses S. Grant led the Union troops in General Ulysses S. Grant led the Union troops in Mississippi and Tennessee.Mississippi and Tennessee.

Grant knew he had to capture Vicksburg.Grant knew he had to capture Vicksburg.

Civil War BattlesCivil War Battles

Battle of Antietam Battle of Antietam highest casualty rate highest casualty rate (5,000) people died.(5,000) people died.

Battle of Vicksburg a Battle of Vicksburg a Union victoryUnion victory

Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Gettysburg 51,000 were killed51,000 were killed

General Ulysses S. General Ulysses S. Grant took command Grant took command of the Union Soldiersof the Union Soldiers

Civil War BattlesCivil War Battles General William General William

Tecumseh Sherman led Tecumseh Sherman led the troops in Georgiathe troops in Georgia

Burning of Atlanta Burning of Atlanta destroyed the morale of destroyed the morale of the Souththe South

General Sherman moved General Sherman moved to Raleigh, North Carolina to Raleigh, North Carolina and it was the end of the and it was the end of the SouthSouth

End of the Civil WarEnd of the Civil War April 1, 1865, Lee April 1, 1865, Lee

surrenders to Unionsurrenders to Union At Appomattox At Appomattox

Courthouse, the Courthouse, the Confederates officially Confederates officially surrenderedsurrendered

End of the Civil WarEnd of the Civil War

Tell mother, tell mother, I died for my country... useless... useless. John Wilkes Boothe

Lincoln was Lincoln was assassinated by John assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Wilkes Booth at Ford’s TheaterFord’s Theater

End of the Civil WarEnd of the Civil War

600,000 people were killed in the Civil War600,000 people were killed in the Civil War Slavery endedSlavery ended North became an Industrial powerNorth became an Industrial power

Women in the Civil WarWomen in the Civil War

Women ran the plantations and the factories Women ran the plantations and the factories while the men fought the warwhile the men fought the war

Some women were soldiers and spiesSome women were soldiers and spies

Dorothea Dix led the Superintendent of Nurses Dorothea Dix led the Superintendent of Nurses and changed the way the men were treated and changed the way the men were treated during the war during the war

Women in the Civil WarWomen in the Civil War

Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, first woman Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, first woman to finished medical school, helped to finished medical school, helped with war effortwith war effort

Clara Barton formed the American Clara Barton formed the American Red Cross.Red Cross.

Clara Barton

Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell

1313thth Amendment Amendment

abolished slaveryabolished slavery President Lincoln signed the amendment in President Lincoln signed the amendment in

1865.1865.

The reading of the Emancipation Proclamation

1414thth Amendment Amendment

Ruled that all Ruled that all slaves were free. slaves were free. They were entitled They were entitled to due process of to due process of rights and equal rights and equal protection under protection under the law.the law.

Slaves were free.

1515thth Amendment Amendment

gave all Americans the right to vote. gave all Americans the right to vote.

Standard 12. 5reated by L. Carreon

Laws that limit the Laws that limit the political power of African-Americans political power of African-Americans

The Black Codes-The Black Codes-laws adopted by laws adopted by former Confederates former Confederates after the Civil War to after the Civil War to limit the freedom of limit the freedom of former slaves.former slaves.

Poll Tax-Poll Tax-pay a tax to pay a tax to votevote

Laws that limit the Laws that limit the political power of African-Americans political power of African-Americans

Literacy Test-Literacy Test- read a test to vote read a test to vote Jim Crows Laws-Jim Crows Laws- laws were adopted in laws were adopted in

South to enforce segregation.South to enforce segregation. Grandfather Clause-Grandfather Clause- grandfather had to grandfather had to

vote on last electionvote on last election

“Without a struggle, there can be no progress.”  Frederick Douglass

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Homer Plessy, who was 7/8 white, Homer Plessy, who was 7/8 white, wanted to sit in all white train.wanted to sit in all white train.

Plessy sued because he thought Plessy sued because he thought his 14his 14thth amendment rights were amendment rights were being violated. being violated.

The Supreme Court ruled that The Supreme Court ruled that separate but equal separate but equal in facilities in facilities and services was legal.and services was legal.

Homer Plessy

Plessy v. Ferguson RulingPlessy v. Ferguson Ruling

It held that "separate but equal" It held that "separate but equal" accommodations did not violate accommodations did not violate Plessy's rights and that the law did not Plessy's rights and that the law did not stamp the "colored race with a badge stamp the "colored race with a badge of inferiority."of inferiority."

This decision paved This decision paved the way for the way for

segregation.segregation.Judge TaneySupreme Court Justice

Results of the Civil WarResults of the Civil War

Union is united.Union is united. 1313thth, 14, 14thth and 15 and 15thth Amendments were Amendments were

passed.passed. Civil Rights Act of 1866 weakened the Civil Rights Act of 1866 weakened the

black codes.black codes. Freedman’s Bureau of 1866-helped the Freedman’s Bureau of 1866-helped the

blacks find jobs and go to school.blacks find jobs and go to school. The rise of the Ku Klux Klan.The rise of the Ku Klux Klan.

Results of the Civil WarResults of the Civil War

Creation of Black UniversitiesCreation of Black Universities Southern Economy totally Southern Economy totally

destroyed.destroyed. 11stst Reconstruction Act: Reconstruction Act:

Southern States would be Southern States would be governed by a military governorgoverned by a military governor

Hold open electionsHold open elections Ratified the 14Ratified the 14thth Amendment Amendment Then the southern states could Then the southern states could

be admitted into the union.be admitted into the union.