Civil War 1861-1865 - Lesson 17.1 The Two Sides

I. Very Different Sides – The war divided families across the nation. The war lasted ____ years. Over _______ soldiers lost their lives in the war and thousands were wounded in battle.

Civil War 1861-1865 - Lesson17.1 The Two Sides

I. Very Different Sides – The war divided families across the nation. The war lasted four years. Over 600,000 soldiers lost their lives in the war including thousands of wounded in battle.

Division in the Border States

1. As the war began and states chose sides, loyalties in the five (__,__,__,__,__ – became state in 1863) border states were divided. Slavery existed but not widespread in these states. 2. The Border States (_____ states not seceding)

– KY, MO, MD, DE important to both sides– Lincoln acts forcefully to hold MO (sent troops) and MD

(martial law is instituted)I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as losing the whole game. We would as well consent to separation at once, including the surrender of the capitol. Abraham Lincoln

Division in the Border States

1. As the war began and states chose sides, loyalties in the five (MO,KY,MD,DE,WV – became state in 1863) border states were divided. Slavery existed but not widespread in these states. 2. The Border States (slave states not seceding)

– KY, MO, MD, DE important to both sides– Lincoln acts forcefully to hold MO (sent troops) and MD

(martial law is instituted)I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as losing the whole game. We would as well consent to separation at once, including the surrender of the capitol. Abraham Lincoln

Strengths and Weaknesses

– Young men eagerly enlist, support in the North is widespread

– After Ft. ______ surrender in Charleston, _____ _______, Lincoln asked state governors to raise 75,000 troops.

• More States Secede– Not all states enthusiastic, KY, MO, TN, don’t want to send

troops against “southern brothers” or “______” states– More states secede Union, __, __, __ , __– 50 Virginia counties join Union, becomes West Virginia

(1863)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----1. Each side had advantages and disadvantages – the

management of these +’s and –’s would lead to victory or defeat.

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Passion Over Resources?

After evaluating the differences in resources between the North and the South, do you believe the South had a chance to win the Civil War? Please explain your thoughts in a two minute writing.

Strengths and Weaknesses Cont.– Both sides confident in quick victory

» Union Soldier: “willing...to lay down all my joys in this life to help maintain gov’t”

» Southern Soldier: “Yes, call them rebels! ‘tis the name/Their patriot fathers bore”

2. Southern Advantages– North would have to invade, conquer South– Fighting on own territory with help from _____ _______– Experienced military officers (Albert Johnston, Joseph Johnston, Robert

E. Lee, Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson)

3. Northern Advantages– 130,000 factories in U.S (1861), _________ in North– Twice as much railroad track and farmland– Two thirds of population in North, ____ of people in South enslaved– More resources, food, equipment, armies

The Goals of War

1. The Confederacy wanted to be an ___________ nation.- Only had to fight a __________ war and did not need to

invade the North or destroy the Union Army

2. In contrast, the Union primary goal was to keep the Union together.

- had to invade the South and force the Confederate states to give up quest for independence

The Goals of War

1. The Confederacy wanted to be an Independent nation.- Only had to fight a defensive war and did not need to

invade the North or destroy the Union Army

2. In contrast, the Union primary goal was to keep the Union together.

- had to invade the South and force the Confederate states to give up quest for independence

Two Sides Plan Strategies

• Northern Strategy (__________ Plan): – Isolate Confederacy by _______ southern seaports

preventing exports/imports – Control M_________ _______ (major transportation

link)– Invade Virginia and seize _________(Confed. Cap.)

• Southern Strategy:– No invasion needed– Only need to defend homeland until North tires– Hoped for aid from ____ _____ and ________

Two Sides Plan Strategies

• Northern Strategy (Anaconda Plan): – Isolate Confederacy by blockading southern seaports

preventing exports/imports – Control Mississippi River (major transportation link)– Invade Virginia and seize Richmond (Confed. Cap.)

• Southern Strategy:– No invasion needed– Only need to defend homeland until North tires– Hoped for aid from Great Britain and France.

Anaconda Plan

• Northern Strategy (Anaconda Plan): – Scott’s proposal for the blockade did not estimate the

forces needed to guard the 3,000 miles of coastline in the seceded states.

– It didn’t set out a timeline or points of particular concern

Americans Against Americans

• War broke families apart in both North and South, brother against brother, son against father– “I had never dreamed that New England…could be

fired with so warlike a spirit”– South Carolina: “fear the war will be over before they

get a sight of the fun”

• Some soldiers as young as or younger than ___.• _______ _______ were not accepted into the

Union troop early in the war. This policy would change later in the war.

Americans Against Americans

• War broke families apart in both North and South, brother against brother, son against father– “I had never dreamed that New England…could be

fired with so warlike a spirit”– South Carolina: “fear the war will be over before they

get a sight of the fun”

• Some soldiers as young as or younger than _14.• _African _Americans_ were not accepted into

the Union troop early in the war. This policy would change later in the war.

High Hopes

• Both, North and South expected a quick victory.

- Northerners believed their resources would force the Confederates to surrender.

- Confederates had their fighting spirit that the North could never overcome.

• The war lasted far longer than both sides anticipated

Who Were the Soldiers

• Almost half of the North’s troops farmers, and over 60% of the Southern troops had owned or worked on farms.

• By the end of war the Union had 2.1 million soldiers who bore arms and the Confederacy had 900,000 men fighting for the stars-and-bars

• The Union army included about 10,000 Mexican American soldiers

Soldier’s Life

– Three fourths of time in camp, up to 10 hours a day training– Soldiers stood guard, wrote home, gathered firewood– A meal might be a dry, cracker-like product called _______

• Harsh Conditions– Lack of clean water was major health risk– _________ outbreaks were common– Not unusual to have half of men too sick to fight

• Prisoners of War– Overcrowded prison camps were deathtraps, 10% of Civil War

deaths occurred in prison camps– Worst camps in Elmira, New York and Andersonville, Georgia

Soldier’s Life

– Three fourths of time in camp, up to 10 hours a day training– Soldiers stood guard, wrote home, gathered firewood– A meal might be a dry, cracker-like product called _Hardtack__

• Harsh Conditions– Lack of clean water was major health risk– _disease_ outbreaks were common– Not unusual to have half of men too sick to fight

• Prisoners of War– Overcrowded prison camps were deathtraps, 10% of Civil War

deaths occurred in prison camps– Worst camps in Elmira, New York and Andersonville, Georgia

The Horrors of War

– Thousands of casualties overwhelmed medical facilities. – After Battle of Shiloh, wounded soldiers forced to lay in the rain

for 24 hours waiting for treatment.– Many men deserted

• About 1 in 11 Union soldiers and 1 in every 8 Confederate soldiers ran away (fear, hunger, sickness)

First Battle of Bull Run

• 30,000 Union soldiers v. 32,500 Southern soldiers• First major clash of war, soldiers inexperienced in battle.• Hundreds of people from Washington, D.C. ride out to

watch expected Union victory• Thomas “_______” Jackson’s regiment makes famous

stand for the South• Battle turns in ___________ favor• Poorly trained Union army panics and flees back to

Washington • Approximately 5,000 casualties (II)

First Battle of Bull Run

• 30,000 Union soldiers v. 32,500 Southern soldiers• First major clash of war, soldiers inexperienced in battle.• Hundreds of people from Washington, D.C. ride out to

watch expected Union victory• Thomas “_Stonewall_” Jackson’s regiment makes

famous stand for the South• Battle turns in _Confederacy’s__ favor• Poorly trained Union army panics and flees back to

Washington • Approximately 5,000 casualties (II)