CIVIL RIGHTSCh. 20: pages 666-695

Friday 4/4

• RAP– Describe the Marshall plan.

Today:

Study for test on Cold War

Cold War test

Begin reading Ch. 20.1 and take notes on Challenging segregation—pages 668-672

Monday 4/7RAP

Please open your textbook to page 666 and read about Elizabeth Ann Eckford.– Look at the picture on the opposite page.

• Please write down words that describe what you see in this picture.

• Today:– Review Challenging Segregation– Ch. 20.1 668-672

• Add to your notes

– Review vocabulary and people from section.– Watch part of “Eyes on the Prize”

CHALLENGING SEGREGATIONCh. 20.1: pages 668-672

• Segregation- separate facilities for whites and blacks in the South.

• Civil rights- the rights of all citizens of the United States. – 3 Civil Rights decisions in the

1950s– • RR dining cars operating in the

South NOW had to provide equal service to all travelers

• African American students could not be segregated within a school also attended by whites.

• “intangible factors” not just building or books, had to be considered when comparing the education for African Americans and whites.

• Plessy v. Ferguson: – legal precedent for the “separate but

equal” doctrine from the 1896 Supreme Court case.

– Lasted for more than 50 years and was used to justify segregation in housing, restaurants, public swimming pools, and other public facilities.

• N.A.A.C.P.- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Fought for African American rights through the legal system.– Strategy was first to concentrate on

desegregating graduate and specialized schools.

– Then, attack segregation in elementary and high schools.

– Challenge the courts that segregation was illegal.

– Thurgood Marshall was the chief counsel for the NAACP and later became the first African American justice on the Supreme Court.

• Look at the picture on page 670—answer the question below it please.

Brown v. Board of EducationBrown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, KS.

•Seven year old Linda Brown had to cross through a railroad switching yard to catch the bus to her all black elementary school, when a white school was a few blocks away.•Dec. 9, 1952, oral arguments were presented to the Supreme Court by Thurgood Marshall, attorney for the NAACP.

“Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

Chief Justice Earl Warren,

1954Deprive children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities; generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community.

Challenging SegregationCh. 20.1

• Brown vs. Education meant integration of public schools or desegregation.

• Little Rock Nine- – Governor Faubus (Arkansas) had

the school surrounded with National Guard to keep the peace.—All but one of the nine students stayed home.

– Eisenhower reluctantly intervened and Faubus withdrew national guard.

– Angry crowd of 1,000, forced nine students to leave school at mid-day.

– President Eisenhower reluctantly put paratroopers at the school. Paratroopers left at the end of the month

• Speech• Demagogic-appeal to people’s

emotions, instincts, and prejudices…– White students attended private

schools, schools outside the city, or none at all.

Elizabeth Ann Eckford

Look at the visual on page 672—answer the question please.

Eyes on the Prize

• Turn in “Eyes on the Prize” questions.

• Begin reading Ch. 20.2 and taking notes.– Page 674 – Freedom Now

Wednesday 4/9/14RAP• What did Brown v. Board of Education say about the “separate

but equal” doctrine?• How did many white Southerners react to the Brown decision?

– What were some results of this reaction?

• What happened to Emmett Till?

Today:RAP – 5minCheck and Review – Presidents video

Check Ch. 20.2• Open your textbook to page 674—

– read the introduction to the section.– Review Ch. 20.2

• President video– – Johnson– Nixon– Ford– Carter– Reagan

FREEDOM NOWCH. 20.2: PAGES 674-679

Vocabulary:• Boycott: refusing to use the service

of the bus company in Montgomery, Alabama.– Used economic pressure on the

company to change their procedures.• Nonviolent resistance: those who

carried out the demonstrations should not fight with authorities, even if provoked to do so.– Compared to Mohandas Gandhi– Boycotts, sit-ins, wade–ins, etc.

• Civil Disobedience:– Nonviolent resistance of unfair laws.– “jail not bail”– Refusing to pay the poll tax

Montgomery Bus Boycott• Rosa Parks did not give up her seat on the

bus to a white rider so she was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama on December 1, 1955.

• This led to the boycott on the Montgomery, Al. bus company by African Americans.– 40,000 out of 52,000 passengers who rode

the bus every day were African American.– Lasted nearly 400 days.– African American owned cab companies

transported people for 10 cents until the city threatened to fine them for not charging the norm of 45 cents.

– Car pooling became another way of getting people to where they needed to go until the city tried to prevent them from getting the necessary insurance. King used Lloyd’s of London.

– White leaders became frustrated—King’s house was bombed.

– King and 88 other leaders were arrested and fined for conspiring to boycott.

– Finally, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation on Montgomery buses was unconstitutional.

Martin Luther King, Jr. (MLK Jr.)• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. –Baptist

minister– Grew up in Atlanta– Morehouse College– Boston University—Ph.D. in

religion.• January 1957, King met with 60

Southern ministers to discuss nonviolent integration.

• Formed Southern Christian Leadership conference (SCLC)

• Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)– Used nonviolent methods to fight

segregation.– Conducted workshops in nonviolent

methods to be prepared for what might happen to them.

• Sit-ins—lunch counters• Wade- ins--beaches• Kneel-ins—churches• Sleep – ins – motel lobbies

New Civil Rights organization• Student Nonviolent

Coordinating Committee (SNCC)– “jail not bail”– Became a full time

commitment for many students.

– Many students dropped out of college to work full time on the movement.

– Students lived with African American families in the south while they worked.

President video

• Johnson

• Nixon

• Ford

• Carter

• Reagan

America’s Civil Rights Movement• Please title your notes

– America’s Civil Rights Movement• Take notes on:

1. Signs of segregation—business signs, etc.2. Emmett Till3. Martin Luther King Jr.4. Montgomery Bus Boycott5. Little Rock Nine6. Sit – ins 7. Freedom Riders- who? why?8. Birmingham Sixteenth Street Baptist Church9. Voting10.Michael Schwerner, James Chaney and Andrew

Goodman11.“Bloody Sunday”

Review Video• What did you think of the video?

• Has MLK, Jr’s dream come true? Why?

• What was Jim Crow?

• One of the Freedom Riders said

“our bodies became living witnesses to the cause of human dignity.”

What does this mean?