Ch 32: The End of the Cold War

Warm Up: Ch 31

1. Explain the Cold War:2. 2 stipulations of the Charter of UN:3. Explain the Marshall Plan:4. Explain the Truman Doctrine:5. What is meant by Churchill’s statement that there is an

iron curtain across Europe?6. Explain the Cuban Missile Crises:7. Explain how the policy of containment hurts US

involvement with communism:

Diamond Ch 91. What type of human relationship does Diamond relate to

domestication? 2. What were the only types of animals domesticated and why?3. Name one of the 5 major mammals domesticated?4. Why is the elephant not a domesticated animal according to

Diamond?5. What part of the world had the largest amount of domesticated

animals?6. Explain how growth rate effects whether an animal is domesticated

or not.7. Explain why one of these animals has not been domesticated

(cheetah, grizzly bear, buffalo, hippo)8. Why would some mammals die of panic in domestication?9. Why do zebras make an unhappy marriage for humans?10. How does social structure help to domesticate certain animals?

Warm Up1. Explain in a few sentences the tensions felt

between the US and Soviet Union and how this tension is felt around the world:

• I. Postcolonial Crises and Asian Economic Expansion– A. Revolutions, Depressions, and Democratic Reforms

in Latin America– The success of the Cuban revolution energized

revolutionaries throughout Latin America– Led the US to organize allies in Latin America in

struggle to defeat communism– Brazil: coup in 1964 brought a military government

with a dictatorship, use of death squads to eliminate opposition, use of tax and tariffs to encourage industrialization (Brazilian Solution)

– Brazilian Solution: applied in Chile by the government

– Nicaragua: Cuban backed Sandinistas overthrew the government and ruled until 1990

– Reforms: They instituted a policy of mass literacy, devoted significant resources to health care, and promoted gender equality

– US Military involvement in Grenada (1983) and Panama (1989)

– Grenada (Operation Urgent Fury): US led invasion to overthrow government

– Panama (Operation Just Cause): US led invasion to overthrow government

– Neoliberalism: US reduced state involvement in economies

– Hugo Chavez was elected president in Venezuela in 1998 and began to roll back neoliberal reforms

Sandinistas

• The FSLN overthrew Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979, ending the Somoza dynasty, and established a revolutionary government in its place. Following their seizure of power, the Sandinistas ruled Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990. Following the resignation of centrist members from this Junta, the FSLN took exclusive power in March 1981.

Hugo Chavez

• he has been a prominent opponent of the United States' foreign policy.[1] Allying himself strongly with the socialist governments of Fidel Castro in Cuba, Evo Morales in Bolivia and Rafael Correa of Ecuador

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TI0_VzFxTzs

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQQkjkUOwhA&feature=related

– B. Islamic Revolutions in Iran and Afghanistan– Iran, America backed leader Shah Muhammad– 1979 he was overthrown and Iran set up a

antiwestern conservative Shi’ite republic this was a blow to American prestige and influence in Middle East

– 1980: Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded Iran– 1978: Soviet Union sent troops to Afghanistan to

support the communist regime– America backed guerillas to fight against the

communist regime– Osama Bin Laden: (next slide)

• In 1979, bin Laden went to Afghanistan to fight the Soviets alongside the Afghan resistance fighters known as the mujahedeen participated in battles in the Afghan war.

• The United States, via the CIA, poured $3 billion into the Afghan resistance during the 1980s, providing weapons and other resources for bin Laden and thousands of others who would become his most loyal, fierce supporters.

• The war, which ended with the Soviets' humiliating withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989, had a profound effect on bin Laden, he later said.

• http://www.america.gov/st/webchat-english/2009/May/20090505134735atlahtnevel0.5280725.html

– C. Asian Transformation– Japanese economy grow faster than any economy in

the 1970s and 1980s– Keiretsu: alliances of firms in Japan receiving

government assistance through tariffs and import regulations

– Industrialized economies characteristics: hard working labor force, investments in education, export strategies, government sponsorship

– Asian financial crises of 1997: bad loans, weak banks, and international currency caused this crisis

– Cooperation of US, Japan, and IMF stabilized the economy of Asia

– D. China Rejoins the World Economy– 1979, the regime of Deng Xiaopiong carries out

reforms– 2005, China becomes 6th place as a trading nation– Deng Xiapong reforms: abolished communes and give

land to families making capita wealth increase from 200 to 920 between 1979 and 2001

• II. The End of the Bipolar World– A. Crises in Soviet Union– Mikhail Gorbachev takes leadership of the Soviet

Union in 1985– Gorbachev’s reforms: include policies of political

openness (glasnost) and economic reform (perestroika)

• http://www.peopledemocracy.com/china/

– B. The Collapse of the Socialist Bloc– Solidarity labor unions in Poland force changes in

Soviet Union– Germany becomes reunified in 1990– Soviet Union officially dissolves in September of 1991– Bosnia declares its independence in 1992

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK1MwhEDjHg– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmRPP2WXX0U&

NR=1&feature=fvwp

– C. Progress and Conflict in Africa– South Africa experienced democracy positively while

other countries experienced military dictatorships– 1994: Rwandan leaders incited Hutu to massacre

Tutsi neighbors killing millions– Violence in the Congo: 3 million Congolese died from

malnutrition, disease, and warfare

– D. The Persian Gulf War– Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 attempting to gain oil

fields– Saudi Arabia called to US and UN for aid against Iraq– American forces helped drive out Iraq but left Hussein

in power

– http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-about-Desert-Storm-The-Persian-Gulf-War-1990---1991-117505973

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlC60Kef9Mg– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJGs2BDKq5g

• II. The Challenge of Population Growth– A. Demographic Transitions– 1850 to 1914: population of Europe almost doubled– Thomas Malthus’ argument of population: unchecked

population growth will outstrip food production– B. The Industrialized Nations– Developed Nations: higher education level of

females, material values of the consumer, contraception, low fertility rate

– Low fertility rate creates an increasing number of retirees and small number of working adults to pay

– Soviet Union: birthrates are lower than death rates and life expectancy declined

– C. The Developing Nations– Most future population growth will be mostly seen in

Africa and Muslim nations– Asia: China and India will continue to see population

growth despite government control– Fertility rate is lower where women have access to

education and employment• IV. Unequal Development and the Movements of People– A. The Problem of Growing Inequality– Industrialized nations enjoy most of the world’s

wealth while most of the world is in poverty

– B. Internal Migration: The Growth of Cities– Urbanization was most during the 1950s – Migrants looked for higher income and better

standards of living– As more came to the cities these ideals become more

elusive leading to slums, shantytowns, and crime– C. Global Migration– Migration from developing nations to developed

nations increased greatly in the 1960s– This migration created racial and ethnic tensions

• V. Technological and Environmental Changes– A. New Technologies and the World Economy– New technologies increased productivity, reduced

labor requirements, and improved flow of information

– B. Conserving and Sharing Resources– Environmental consequences: population growth,

industrialization, and expansion of agriculture on land– C. Responding to Environmental Threats– 1970s initiatives: strict antipollution laws and mass

recycling efforts– Developing nations with weak governments and

massive populations create major obstacles in the environmental policies

• VI. Comparative Perspectives– A. Postwar Economic Prosperity– The end of the Cold War came as a result of economic

stress and political changes in the Soviet Union– Asian tigers: ultimately improved China’s economic

growth. More international markets were open than at any other time

– B. Postwar Inequality– Postwar prosperity was not shared equally throughout

the world– Industrialized countries grew economically while most of

the world’s nations remained poor– People began to immigrate to developed nations

Warm Up: Ch 321. Explain the Brazilian Solution:2. What group of people overthrew Nicaragua? What

reforms did they set up? What group did they get out of the government? Why?

3. What is the idea of neoliberalism?4. Who is the leader of Venezuela? What is his view on

America?5. What 2 countries does the US overthrow the

government?6. What impact does Deng have on China?7. What 2 policies does Gorbachev instill?8. What year does the Soviet Union collapse? What

year does Germany become unified once again?