CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGANNEWSLETTER FOR ALUMNI AND FRIENDS

FALL 2004

In This Issue

From the Chair

From the CEEFA President

Department News

Faculty Research

Student Research and News

Gifts

Alumni News and Letters

Obituaries

CEEFA Spring Meeting and Technical Session

CEEFA Ballot

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FROM THE CHAIR The new academic year has been accompanied by many new and exciting opportunities for Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan. Most notable are the creation of a new materials-sensors-structures laboratory, NSF Career Awards going to two of our young faculty, and an extraordinary number of honors and awards for our faculty and for our students who swept student paper awards at several conferences.

Our ASCE student Steel Bridge Team continued its success by winning the regional meeting and finishing second in the national competition at Boulder, Colorado. After finishing fourth in 2002, first in 2003 and second in 2004, we can now speak of an emerging dynasty in the steel bridge competition. Our undergraduates are now so engaged in team events, and the outcomes are so spectacular, that it is worth asking how and why this has happened in recent years. Our department has had a long and illustrious tradition in undergraduate education, but we had not previously focused on this aspect of our students’ talents. Over the last three years, the average SAT score for engineering freshmen at Michigan has been approximately 1330 and the corresponding average GPA 3.8. This is a very competitive group of students, and is very typical of the students that I have taught at UM over the last twenty-four years. Our students are academically excellent - over 50% pursue a graduate degree - and most become leaders in their chosen specialties. The academic demands, preparation for graduate school, and participation in undergraduate research projects, seldom left any time for Michigan students to get really enthusiastic about team competitions which require an enormous responsibility and time commitment. Extracurricular competitions for undergraduates were traditionally viewed as something that they would love to do for relaxation, but not necessarily a venue in which to compete and win. So what brings this pleasant change in attitude in our current undergraduates toward team competition? And what does this competition add to the pursuit of academic excellence?

The Olympic Games of last summer gave us an opportunity to feel closer to the competitive spirit that characterized the ancient Greek way of life. The spirit that nurtured generations of ancient Greeks was the noble competition expressed by the physical and spiritual rivalry to achieve excellence in moral perfection. This abstract concept of noble rivalry in an intellectual field epitomized a society in which competition was untouched by baseness or envy, and where acts of individualism were expected to be balanced by the virtue of team work. This competitive spirit flourished not only in the arenas where young athletes trained, but also emerged as the cornerstone of the educational process that shaped conscientious and virtuous citizens.

Our education system and professional career evolution are almost exclusively an arena of unbridled individualism. Our students are nurtured in an environment of mutually exclusive goal attainment dominated by rivalry of grades, comparisons of numbers of buildings, state-of-the-art facilities, and of school rankings. However, as we reflect on what made the University of Michigan great in the past,

we realize the wisdom and the vision of our predecessors who saw a noble rivalry of scholars rather than of numbers. This deep belief that “the rivalry of scholars advances wisdom” is embedded in the spirit of the Michigan Civil Engineer, and it is found in both students and faculty. The unprecedented enthusiasm in the activities of the steel bridge team is simply the manifestation of the natural inclination of our students to belong to a team, to strive together, to aim higher than an individual can, and to achieve both as technical experts and virtuous citizens.

Of course, neither desire nor need is sufficient for success. Unless we provide the support necessary for our students to achieve these goals, the goals will remain dreams. In my opinion, a fundamental change occurred in the last few years when CEEFA assumed a leadership role in supporting undergraduate student activities. This had an enormous impact on team efforts and results. When one sees that there are currently three new buildings under construction in the Engineering (North) Campus of UM (and Engineering is already envied by other schools for its facilities), and that our research volume and student enrollments keep growing, it is easy to assume that there are endless resources to support student activities on campus. The truth is that several student activities have been exclusively supported by generous alumni contributions, and many of our recent successes can be attributed directly to this support. The education of our children is our greatest hope for the future. Like your parents, many of you have entrusted the University of Michigan with this very important mission of educating your children and grandchildren. Your support gives our students the confirmation that you care about their future. Your loyalty strengthens their values and promotes a spirit of nobleness in the rivalries that our students will face in their careers. On behalf of all the undergraduate students and faculty, I sincerely thank you for your generous support.

Nik Katopodes, Chair

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College of Engineering Alumni Society Award Recipient

Kenneth H. Stokoe II

The 13th Annual Alumni Society Awards Dinner was held on Friday, October 8, 2004. Kenneth H. Stokoe II received the Civil and Environmental Engineering Alumni Society Merit Award. Kenneth H. Stokoe II is the Jennie C. and Milton T. Graves Chair in Engineering at the University of Texas, Austin, where he has been a faculty member since 1973. His research focus has been in the areas of in-situ seismic measurements, laboratory measurements of dynamic material properties and dynamic soil-structure interaction. He was instrumental in developing the crosshold seismic method for in-situ shear wave velocity measurement, adopted as the standard by the American Society for Testing and Materials. Over the past three decades, Dr. Stoke has conducted seminal research on nondestructive testing of geotechnical systems and structural components as well as laboratory evaluation of soil and rock stiffness under cyclic and dynamic loading conditions. He is a co-developer of the Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves (SASW) method for testing geotechnical and pavement systems. Using this method, he has conducted studies to evaluate earth dams for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Icelandic government and to evaluate debris slides for the U.S. Geological Survey and the Italian government. Most recently, he has performed major studies involving field and laboratory testing at the Savannah River nuclear power station, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the proposed burial site for high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Dr. Stoke was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1997 and named a distinguished lecturer in 2004 by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. He was the 2004 George Sowers Lecturer at Georgia Institute of Technology and won the Ervin Sewell Perry Student Appreciation Award from the University of Texas, Austin. Dr. Stoke earned his bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees from the University of Michigan in 1966, 1967, and 1972 respectively.

FROM THE CEEFA PRESIDENT

This is the fourth issue of the department newsletter in its new format. The quality of presentation and content is yet another example of why our Civil and Environmental Engineering Department is consistently listed among the leading CEE departments in the country and the world. On behalf of CEEFA, I’d like to thank Nik Katopodes and Janet Lineer

(newsletter editor) for their vision and hard work in producing this exemplary publication. I’d also like to welcome Kimberly Bonner to her new role in assembling and editing the newsletter. The fall football brunch was a rousing success with a huge demand for tickets. We have submitted our 2005 request, with a Big Ten game as our first preference. The mentoring program is up and running with six students currently signed up. We hope to expand the number as word of mouth spreads. The spring technical meeting will have a construction focus and promises to be a great event. Of special interest to all of us will be the presentation by the Plant Extension Office on construction on campus. At the last board meeting, we voted to increase the CEEFA dues from $15 to $20 per year and to make minor changes in the format of the spring technical meeting. These changes, coupled with an increase in CEEFA membership, will enable us to honor our original mission to “strengthen ties between alumni and the department and to establish means for technical and financial support.” As alumni, we are contributors to and beneficiaries of the Department’s reputation. An increase in our membership will further enhance that reputation. So, if you enjoy the newsletter; are proud of the accomplishments of your fellow alumni, the current students, and the faculty; and want to support the current efforts to maintain a leadership position; please become a member of CEEFA, renew your membership, and share your enthusiasm for our association with alumni and friends alike. The ballot for the CEEFA Board of Directors, with terms beginning in July 2005, is included with the newsletter. The individuals listed have volunteered their time to serve the alumni, friends, students, and faculty of the department. Please acknowledge their commitment with your vote, or write in a candidate of your choice. In closing, thanks to all who have supported the efforts of CEEFA and the department over the years. If you have any ideas you wish to share or want to add your name to the potential mentor list, please contact me at croarty@nthconsultants.com. I look forward to hearing from you.

Charles J. Roarty, Jr., P.E.CEEFA President

DEPARTMENT NEWS

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Historical Review of Passive Control Developments at the University of Michigan

By Robert D. Hanson , Professor Emeritus, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Editor’s Note: Abridged version of a paper presented at the 4th Passive Control Symposium, Yokohama, Japan, November 15-16, 2004

1. Introduction This historical review will focus on the contributions of the author’s Ph. D. students and implementation of the contributions in USA codes and standards. The presentation will be arranged by subject matter and then chronological within that topic even though several topical efforts were conducted simultaneously.

2. Elastic Building Systems Fan (1968) confirmed that the energy dissipation of a bare rigid steel frame can be determined by the sum of the energy dissipation by the individual members and is consistent with theoretically predicted results. He also demonstrated that for these frames the energy dissipation is independent of vibration frequency. For small amplitudes he found the damping of the frame members to be about 0.2% of critical damping. He utilized a Ramberg-Osgood curvilinear hysteretic characteristic to evaluate the properties of the inelastic response spectra. One significant conclusion was that the shape of the hysteresis curve did not have a major effect on the inelastic response spectra, except when P-Δ effects were large enough to result in instabilities. He states that when P = 0.2 Py, the yield level, the natural period of vibration, and the force-displacement function of this system changes substantially. However, it would be very difficult to predict when the gravity load will cause instability of the inelastic displacement response. Ashour (1987) studied the elastic response of single degree-of-freedom and multistory buildings with added supplemental viscous damping (Ashour et al. 1986). The reduction factor, rf, for spectral displacement, SD, he proposed was

rf = [α { 1 – e-βB } / β { 1 – e-αB } ] 1/2 (1)

where the initial elastic spectral displacement used damping, α, and the system damping, β, must be equal or greater than α. For α = 0.05 Ashour found the upper bound B = 18 and the lower bound B =65. These results provide valuable limits on the elastic system damping reduction factor for the spectral displacement, SD, the pseudo spectral velocity, PSV, and the pseudo spectral acceleration, PSA (Hanson, et al. 1993). Ashour also found that the PSA and the true absolute spectral acceleration, SA, can be considered equal for damping less than about 20 percent of critical damping. For higher damping the PSA underestimates the true SA. Assuming that the real SV = PSV, he found the following approximation for SA:

Approximate SA = [ 2 π / T ]2 SD { 1 + 2 β } (2)

This will give an approximate upper limit for the elastic absolute acceleration. This shows that for a system with 50 percent of critical damping the SA is about twice the PSA values. For critical

damping this factor is about three times. When the period is very long or the damping ratio very high Equation (2) cannot serve as the upper limit because the maximum velocity may become much larger than PSV. His analytical comparison of the approximate SA with the SA showed that for about 50% damping the SA was about the average of the approximate SA and the PSA values, for lower damping the SA was closer to the PSA values, and at critical damping the SA was nearly identical to the approximate SA values. An estimate of the SA for design purposes could be

Design SA = [2 π / T]2 SD {1 + (2 β / (1 – β) )} (3)

3. Inelastic Building Systems Wu (1987) and Wu and Hanson (1989) report on the effect of supplemental damping on the inelastic response spectra for bilinear single degree-of-freedom systems with post-elastic stiffnesses of –0.05, -0.02, 0.0, 0.05, and 0.10. He included damping ratios of 0.02, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, and 0.80 for comparison with the 0.05 values. He found that changing the negative stiffness from –0.02 to –0.05 was very pronounced, leading to the collapse of the system with 0.02 damping ratio and periods of about 2 seconds. On the other hand, increasing post-yield stiffness from 0.0 to 0.05 or 0.10 had little difference in the spectral responses. His results for the effect of supplemental damping and inelastic deformations on the elastic response spectra were provided for discrete periods that reasonably represent the modifications near those periods. His equations are:

mf (PSA) = -0.349 ln (0.0959 β) (2.89 μ – 1.89)-0.244 (4)mf (PSA) = -0.547 ln (0.417 β) (1.82 μ – 0.82)-0.562 (5)mf (PSV) = -0.471 ln (0.524 β) (1.53 μ – 0.53)-0.706 (6)mf (SD) = -0.478 ln (0.475 β) (μ )-1.06 (7)mf (SD) = -0.291 ln (0.0473 β) (μ )-1.06 (8)

Equations 4 through 8 are for periods of 0.1, 0.5, velocity region, 3.0 and 10.0 seconds, respectively, and β is the fraction of critical damping and μ is the structural ductility factor. Each of these equations was developed based upon the peak ground acceleration for PSA, peak ground velocity for PSV, and peak ground displacement for SD. Normalizing these equations for 5% damping at a ductility of one provides some insight to the reduction attributable to inelastic action. This data is plotted for ductilities of 1, 2, 4 and 6 for 5% damping in Figure 1 and for 20% damping in Figure 2. It is important to note that damping terms and the

ductility terms are independent variables. By setting the ductility factor equal to 1.0 in these equations the effect of damping can be determined.

Fig. 1: Reduction due to Yielding and 5% Damping from Eqns. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8

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Fig. 2: Reduction due to Yielding and 20% Damping from Eqns. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 Wu also studied the relationship between PSA and the absolute acceleration, SA. One basic assumption for the theoretical development was that the maximum acceleration occurs when the system is yielding. This study provided a form for the ratio of SA/PSA, which is a function of the system ductility, damping and period. He gave the following expression:

SA / PSA = 1 + 2 Ω β (9)

where Ω = 1.27 ln(μ) – 0.08 T + 0.441 T μ β0.287 and T is the period of the system.

Care must be taken in applying SA/PSA ratios to building design and evaluations. Most design spectra are given as PSA with five percent damping, but the PSV and SD controls the designs for periods larger than about 0.5 second. Also, the difference between SA and PSA is primarily due to the damping force. For five percent inherent damping, it is not clear that this is an interstory force, but for added damping systems these interstory-damping forces will be real. Xia (1990) studied the dynamic inelastic response of three ten-story steel frame buildings (Workman 1969, Akkari 1984) with added ADAS damping devices (Bergman and Goel 1987, Whittaker, et al. 1989). The modeling of the ADAS devices will be discussed later in this paper. These building models with ADAS devices were subjected to three earthquake records at two intensity levels each. The primary purpose was determine the influence of the ADAS element parameters: yield displacements, yield forces, strain hardening ratio, the ratio of the brace stiffness to the device stiffness, and the device elastic stiffness to the structure story stiffness on the inelastic response. Varying the strain-hardening ratio from 1% to 10% had little effect on the inelastic response of these three buildings. He also determined that the initial stiffness of the brace should be about three times the initial stiffness of the ADAS element. Defining SR as the initial stiffness of the ADAS element to the initial stiffness of the structural story stiffness. The ADAS element stiffness is dependent on two independent variables, the yield force and the yield displacement. Based on this study, which included a design procedure for multistory buildings, Xia reached the following conclusions:a. ADAS elements can be designed to yield under small

displacements, reduce energy demands on the structural members, and control the inelastic displacements of the building,

b. ADAS elements do not increase the forces in the structural members except for those directly supporting the devices, and

c. For minor or moderate earthquakes the entire hysteretic energy can be concentrated in the ADAS devices, and for severe earthquakes the ADAS devices limit the inelastic displacements.

4. Mechanical Damping Devices Three classes of damping devices have been investigated. They are viscoelastic copolymer, ADAS metallic, and electrorheological devices.

4.1 Viscoelastic Devices Materials used at the University of Michigan included three different materials from the 3M Corporation and Lord Corporation. Experimental steady-state hysteresis characteristics of ten direct shear seismic damping devices were performed at frequencies between 0.1 Hz and 3 Hz and shear strains from 25% to 190% with materials of thicknesses between 1.6 mm to 13 mm. The excitation frequencies, strain amplitude, damping material initial temperature, temperature change over the test duration, cyclic energy dissipation, and damping material moduli (including complex shear, storage, and loss moduli) were reported by Bergman and Hanson (1986, 1993). The influence of frequency, displacement amplitude, temperature and cumulative energy absorption on the damping material mechanical properties and hysteretic stability were studied. Methods by which material moduli can be used to design damping devices for specific spring stiffness and equivalent viscous damping were developed. They concluded:a. The hysteretic properties are a function of shear strain level,

excitation frequency, damping material type, thickness, and temperature.

b. The storage and loss moduli of 3M Scotchdamp SJ2015X material was strongly affected by changes in test frequency and strain amplitude. However, the Lord MQD-015 and MPC-091 materials were relatively unaffected.

c. Repeated tests of the 3M Scotchdamp material showed that cyclic testing did not permanently alter the material. The Lord materials had stable hysteretic behavior so were not retested.

d. The proposed design procedure recommended using the average values of storage and loss moduli for both the stiffness and damping characteristics.

e. For the same volume of material the 3M dampers provided more damping than the Lord material.

4.2. ADAS Metallic Devices Bergman and Goel (1987), Su (1990) and Xia (1990) performed experimental and analytical studies of the Added Damping and Stiffness (ADAS) metallic yield device. The 1987 tests were made to establish the primary properties of the devices. Subsequent tests included their use at the top of inverted chevron braces for strengthening a half scale laboratory two-story reinforced concrete moment frame (Su 1990). It was found that the ADAS devices maintained stable hysteresis behavior up to the point of plate fracture and that the ADAS devices had adequate fatigue resistance to endure a large number of yielding reversals, i.e. they would be effective for a long duration of severe earthquake shaking. From the two-story tests it was found that the brace force in tension was substantially

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larger than the brace force in compression. It was recommended that a factor of safety of two be used in designing these braces. The upgraded system had excellent behavior with inelastic energy dissipation through yielding of the devices without brace or RC member damage. It was recommended that a Ramberg-Osgood curvilinear hysteretic model be used to represent the ADAS experimental characteristics. Using this approach, Su (1990) was able to accurately model the results from a three-story shaking table test performed at the University of California, Berkeley (Whittaker, et al. 1989). These Ramberg-Osgood models were also used to generate ADAS inelastic response spectra for five SR ratios and six ductility levels for design use. It was found that the acceleration responses decrease significantly with increases in SR and ductility. For displacement responses, the inelastic responses are larger than the elastic responses when the periods are less than 0.5 second and less than the elastic response when the period is greater than 0.5 second.

4.3 Electrorheological Devices Electrorheological materials are suspensions of unique micron-sized particles in hydrophobic, insulating, dielectric oils. The mechanical properties of these materials (stiffness, damping, and yielding behavior) can be controlled by regulating an electric field through them. These material properties can change almost as fast as the applied electric field can be switched. Thus, these materials are likely candidates for use in semi-active control devices. Typical material response times are on the order of 1 to 10 milli-seconds. Gavin (1994) developed simple closed form approximations and a simple, robust, numerical technique to describe the trade off between the dynamic range of the electrorheological damper and their response times. The use of these equations allows the design of electrorheological dampers and the identification of desired material properties. He also constructed and tested a small-scale damper to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the flow approximations, and a large-scale damper to assess the design equations and gain experience for civil engineering applications. He concluded thata. The response times of the small-scale devices qualitatively

followed the trends predicted by the design equations. However, at low shear rates, low strains and low strain rates the mechanisms not modeled by the Bingham equation were dominant.

b. The large-scale device (2 gallons = 0.0076 cubic meters) showed force levels compared favorably with the analytical model. The non-parametric model succeeded in capturing the details of the hysteretic response.

c. Because these electrorheological devices require only nominal amounts of power for operation and the inherent simplicity of the devices they are excellent candidates for utilization as control devices.

5. Tuned Mass Dampers An application of tuned mass dampers with viscous damping to a balcony vibration problem, and an analytical study of distributed isolation devices will be discussed next.

5.1 Control of Floor Motions Caused by Human Movements Setareh (1990) provides an analytical study and experimental verification for the control of undesirable balcony

vibrations due to rock concert generated human motions. The component mode synthesis method was used to evaluate the multiple-degree-of-freedom balcony system response. He used a cantilever beam as a basis for developing the modal optimization of tuned mass dampers for two modes of the balcony. From the cantilever beam studies he concluded:a. When frequencies of the two modes of concern are separated

by at least 50% the use of the single-degree-of-freedom tuned mass damping solutions are satisfactory.

b. When frequencies of the two modes of concern are within 20% the installation of tuned mass dampers for one mode can cause a dramatic change in the corresponding tuned shapes.

c. When frequencies of the two modes of concern are within 20% the equal double-peak response cannot be used to represent the optimum damper criteria.

d. When frequencies of the two modes of concern are within 20% the two mass dampers used to control the vibration, equal double-peak response found from the component mode synthesis method does not represent the typical minimum response observed in cases with well-separated modes.

From the three dimensional floor system studies he concluded:a. When more than one mass damper is tuned to one mode, the

equivalent single-degree-of-freedom model for optimization cannot produce the optimum parameters of the tuned mass dampers.

b. When n mass dampers are used to reduce the level of vibration in one mode, the optimality criteria is expected to have n+1 equal number of peaks in the response curve around that natural frequency.

c. When a number of mass dampers are tuned to one specific mode, each mass damper should be tuned individually. Constraining each of these mass dampers to have the same parameters results in a sub optimal solution.

d. A detailed field experimental program is necessary for optimum tuning of the mass dampers to the resonant frequencies of the floor system.

5.2 Modular Structures with Isolation Separations Keshtar (1991) proposed the concept of single story modular structures that were seismically isolated from each other. The concepts underlying base isolation and supplemental damping are incorporated in a more general structural system. The control elements are conceptually a lateral spring and damper with rigid vertical stiffness, similar to current base isolators with added damping. For a two-degree modular building the response could be considered as a tuned mass damper system. The solution form for that problem is well known and has been used in many buildings in Japan and Taiwan. The optimization procedure does not work well with typical earthquake ground motions with small damping because the response spectra cannot be reasonably described by a smooth function. Therefore, he used a random vibration method. The excitations and response relations were formulated in the frequency domain, which requires the power spectral density of the ground excitation process. To achieve this he developed a new method to derive power spectral densities from design response spectra. This method could be verified only to damping levels of 20% of critical because site-specific response spectra beyond this level were not available.

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6. Soil-Structure Interaction Chuanromanee (1995) made a comparison of the differences in earthquake response of highly damped buildings assumed fixed at their foundations and those that include soil-structure interaction. For buildings with low damping the known soil-structure interaction effects include (a) an increase in the fundamental periods and a change in the mode shapes, (b) rotational motions become more important, (c) the effective damping of the system usually increases, and (d) the building response generally is reduced. Three building models were used in the investigation, four stories, eight stories and sixteen stories. The ratio of the building height to the foundation width were 5, 6, and 7, for the four story building, 7, 8, and 9 for the eight story building, and 9, 10, and 11 for the sixteen story building. Viscoelastic interstory damping devices provided both contributions to damping and to stiffness of the buildings. First mode damping was varied from 5% to 30% of critical damping. A new seven-parameter model was used to represent the strip foundation-soil system, which is numerically and physically less complicated than the consistent lumped-parameter model.

7. Conclusions This paper provides a concise summary of research and development activities originated at the University of Michigan. The references are not inclusive in that they do not list papers published in many symposia, world and national conferences, or specialized topical conferences except those of ATC. The cooperative interactions of these Michigan researchers with colleagues throughout the world are not described, but are extensive. Also efforts of many of these individuals in energy dissipation research and development have continued worldwide, but have not been reported herein. Nor has implementation of damping in deign projects been included. The author did not have time to do any of this. It is concluded that the efforts summarized herein made a significant contribution to the development and implementation of supplemental damping systems for the improved performance of buildings during earthquakes in the USA.

Professor Emeritus Robert D. Hanson

Ms. Reta Teachout Celebrates 50 Yearsof Service in the CEE Department

2004 was not only the sesquicentennial anniversary of the first class taught in Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan, but also the golden anniversary for Ms. Reta Teachout, who completed fifty years of loyal service to the department. Reta is as much a landmark of CEE as West Engineering and G. G. Brown. Reta’s services have been absolutely invaluable to the CEE department and part of this program’s success should be attributed to her running of the office operations. Reta is part of the history and even the soul of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Michigan. It is against her skills, knowledge, incredible memory, determination and professionalism that all administrative operations have been measured.

Reta at her desk in West Engineering in 1954

Reta’s quiet, unassuming demeanor and modesty would easily make one believe that students would not notice her. So it is fascinating to hear alumni of all ages speak of their memories of how Reta helped them with some problem. She evidently makes such an impression on students that most confess that their contacts with Reta helped to define their tenure in our department.

Reta with Provost Paul Courant at the reception honoring her service at UM in 2004

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Enjoying the Day

Climbing a Mountain

On Top of the Grand Tetons

Where is Professor Canale Now?

Ray Canale

Raymond P. Canale, professor of civil and environmental engineering, retired from active faculty status on May 31, 1995.

Professor Canale received his B.S. degree in civil engineering in 1964 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in sanitary engineering in 1966 and 1968, respectively, all from Syracuse University. He joined the University of Michigan faculty in 1968 as an assistant professor and was promoted to associate professor in 1972 and professor in 1977. In the area of teaching, Professor Canale developed major new courses at both undergraduate and graduate levels. The College of Engineering adopted his course on computational methods as a required course in numerical methods for many of its departments. He also developed and taught a two-course sequence in stream, lake, and estuarine analysis at the graduate level. Professor Canale authored textbooks on numerical and computer methods and on aquatic ecosystems and biological waste treatment. In his research, Professor Canale concentrated on limnology and mathematical modeling. He also served as a consultant and expert witness in cases involving all aspects of water quality. Professor Canale was named professor emeritus of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Michigan Board of Regents May Meeting, 1995. What is Professor Emeritus Canale doing now? He is active and continues to enjoy life by playing ice hockey, sailing, rafting, and climbing mountains. Professor Canale forwarded some photos of his recent adventures.

Reta is an individual that inspires strength and stability in the office operations of the CEE main office. Her work ethics are absolutely remarkable. Her dedication, professionalism and promptness are a model for the rest of the staff and even the faculty. Reta is proactive, requires very little guidance and most of the time anticipates the questions that are asked of her. Our department owes Reta a great deal of gratitude just for this service alone which required long hours and hard work beyond the call of duty.

On behalf of the entire CEE family,

Thank you Reta!

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James Wight to Give Thomas C. Kavanagh Memorial Structural Engineering Lecture

Professor James Wight has been invited to give the twelfth Thomas C. Kavanagh Memorial Structural Engineering Lecture at Pennsylvania State University on April 7, 2005. This is an annual lecture sponsored by the Civil and Architectural Engineering Department. The audience, which will include students and faculty from the College of Engineering and practitioners from the surrounding communities, typically ranges from 250 to 300. In addition to the evening lecture, Professor Wight will

spend the following day meeting with faculty and students from the department’s structural engineering program.

Faculty Awards

Sherif El-Tawil received the Chi Epsilon “James M. Robbins” Excellence in Teaching Award 2004-2005.

Subhash Goel received the 2004 Shortridge Hardesty Award from ASCE.

Richard D. Woods was recognized as an Honorary Member of ASCE for distinguished service to civil engineering. Both the ASCE Michigan Section and its Ann Arbor Branch have named him engineer of the year.

College of Engineering Awards

Victor Li received the Stephen S. Attwood Excellence in Engineering Award for extraordinary achievement in teaching, research, service, and other activities that have brought distinction to the College and University.

Radoslaw Michalowski received the Education Excellence Award for demonstrated sustained excellence in instruction and guidance at undergraduate and graduate levels.

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Faculty Members Aline Cotel and Vineet Kamat Win NSF Career Awards

Aline Cotel, Assistant Professor, Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

From Fish Habitat to Restoration - Understanding Fish Responses to Turbulence

Integrated research/education activities: High quality habitats are essential to ensure healthy ecosystems and therefore successful growth, survival and reproduction of biological organisms. A deeper understanding of the relationship between habitat characteristics and biological organisms leads to more efficient restoration methods for a variety of environments. The combined strengths of engineering and biology will be leveraged to solve complex environmental problems. Ecosystems are very complex environments and we focus our efforts on the physical aspects of these habitats by characterizing the flow field and fish responses to flow-induced perturbations. Among many ecologically important aspects of locomotion, turbulence is thought to create large stability challenges for fishes. Understanding the abilities of fishes to stabilize postures and trajectories in turbulent flows appears to be an important and especially effective candidate towards teasing out how mechanical principles affect field behavior and distributions. Previous studies discussing links between fish form and “energetic waters” are based on coarse estimations of the flow field using, at best, average speeds. Turbulence actually experienced by fishes has only been very recently measured (Cotel and Webb, 2004). The proposed research builds on this research, with the critical difference that flow/turbulence signatures experienced and avoided by fishes have been measured in natural habitats, and experiments will be performed to determine the capabilities of fishes to stabilize posture for different flow-induced perturbations similar to those experienced in the field. This work is the logical continuation of a very fruitful collaboration between a biologist and an engineer and has expanded to include co-training of graduate students willing to pursue dual degrees in Natural Resources and Engineering. In addition, through programs such as Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program

(UROP), undergraduate students are involved in this productive, interdisciplinary work during both the academic year and the summer. By working side by side, biology and engineering students gain a deeper appreciation for each other’s field. In addition, the interaction between the two groups allows both disciplines to look at real-world environmental issues in a broader and deeper sense. We are currently discussing the creation of a dual degree at the undergraduate level using the Environment as a common thread. Another option being explored is to develop a new focus area related to fish habitat and restoration within the Civil and Environmental Engineering undergraduate degree. Engineering students would then be required to take classes in the School of Natural Resources and the Environment as technical electives in their junior/senior years. Impacts: We anticipate that this project will have even broader impacts for society. The loop from theory and experiment through field tests back to theory and experiment is especially useful for facilitating technology transfer to applied problems. In this respect, there is considerable interest in dam removal, stream and river restoration, and shoreline protection and rehabilitation. We anticipate that the results from the proposed research will provide data to help inform debate on these subjects. In the summer of 2003, Great Lakes restoration was voted by the US Congress a national priority. Scientific knowledge is essential in order to achieve our national goals for the Great Lakes. This research project will provide the required information at the right time. We already work in the Hessel-Cedarville community in the Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan where a community-wide Forum has been created to balance development and environmental protection. Human development carries the threat of changes in shoreline flow signatures that are unsuitable for fishes. We will share our insights with the community in town meetings and other local media.

Assistant Professor Cotel at work in the lab.

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Vineet R. Kamat, Assistant Professor, Construction Engineering and Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Interactive Process Visualization in Virtual and Augmented Reality for Innovative Learning, Analysis, and Design of Field Construction Operations

The objective of this project is to bring powerful operations visualization capabilities within the reach, ability, and training of all construction practitioners, researchers, educators, and students. The project involves basic research, design of appropriate tools, and development of educational materials to enable accurate 3D animation of construction operations in immersive Virtual Reality (VR) and outdoor Augmented Reality (AR) environments. The research addresses fundamental limitations in knowledge, and includes the investigation of automated methods to describe dynamic evolving terrain, techniques to define accurate resource motion paths, methods to portray accurate physical behavior of articulated resources, and approaches to animate fluid construction materials. The research also explores methods to accurately overlay (augment) graphical images of operations over real jobsites, techniques for intuitive and safe user-computer interaction in AR, and approaches to make operations animation in AR highly adaptable and mobile. The educational objectives are intricately related to and dependent on the research, and include the design of VR-based educational modules,

workshops for educators and researchers, curriculum development and improvement, AR-based teaching material for K-12 students, strategies to recruit and retain the brightest women and minority engineers, and efforts to develop the investigator’s personal skills as a teacher and educator. This project will significantly improve the performance of field construction operations by allowing proper communication of planned work prior to execution. In addition to communicating what may happen in the future (e.g. from simulation), it will be possible to re-create what happened in the past (from records), and what is currently happening (from real-time data). This will enable improved planning, analysis, and design of field construction operations that can result in substantial cost and time savings, improvement in industry competitiveness, and reduction in life cycle costs of civil infrastructure and other constructed facilities. The cumulative impact across the $899 billion U.S. construction industry is expected to be significant. Such benefits also accrue in fields such as manufacturing, transportation, mining, and ship-building where operations visualization is as vital as in construction. The project is also expected to significantly impact education by fostering innovation in curriculum at construction schools, and spawning an area of specialization in Construction Engineering and Management. The tools and educational materials resulting from the project are expected to enhance the construction curriculum, and are being made publicly available to educators at other institutions. The project’s contributions to knowledge impact future research by allowing researchers to spend major efforts on studying and addressing operations, safety, and educational issues, and less effort on creating animations. Several graduate and undergraduate students are also involved in the project. The investigator has been proactively working to recruit and retain women and minority engineers in the project by working with the Society of Women Engineers, the Minority Engineering Program Office, and the Undergraduate Research Office Program at the University of Michigan. In summary, the societal benefits of the project are: 1) the reductions in construction life-cycle costs that can be possible through proper planning and design of construction operations; 2) the effective education and training of future construction engineers; and 3) the career development of the personnel participating in the project.

Overview of the Planned Research and Educational Activities

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Augmented Reality View of a Virtual Crane Erecting a Virtual Steel Frame on a Real Planned Jobsite

Envisioned Hardware Setup of Mobile Augmented Reality System

Assistant Professor Kamat trying out a recently created contraption.

A new book about Henry Earle Riggs, Professor and Chairman of the Civil Engineering Department 1912-1930 at the University of Michigan

By Henry Earle (Hal) Chaffee

Announcing the July 2005 publication of a book about the life of Henry Earle Riggs, Professor of Transportation Engineering and Chairman of the Civil Engineering Department 1912-1930 at the University of Michigan. Until 1942 he maintained an office on campus. This book provides an inside look at the expansion of the engineering school from 1912 to 1942. The book is titled “Our Life Was Lived While the Old Order Changed”. The first part is an 84-page manuscript of the same title written in 1948 by Professor Riggs about his life as an engineer, a Professor and husband with seven children. The second part consists of eight lectures, articles and a letter. The third part is an update completed in 2004 on the Henry Earle Riggs Fellowship at the University of Michigan, the Covered Wagon stained glass window in memory of Henry Earle and Emma Hynes Riggs at The First Congregational Church in Ann Arbor, the Henry Earle Riggs Railroad Research Library dedicated in 1997 at Durand Union Station in Durand, Michigan, his support of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, a bibliography, etc. Henry Earle Riggs lived from just after the Civil War until just after World War II. This book lets you see that era through his eyes. He came out of the pioneer West with a wealth of practical knowledge from building railroads. He was the civil engineer in charge of building the Ann Arbor Railroad. He added to those experiences the rest of his life as a Professor of Civil Engineering and as an early consultant in the new field of valuation and depreciation of railroad properties. In 1937 he received an Honorary Doctorate of Civil Engineering from the University of Michigan and in 1938 he was elected President of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Professor Riggs and his wife, Emma, raised seven children who attended the University of Michigan, as did their spouses. Professor Riggs was known as “Daddy” to his students and even to the Governor of Michigan. For many years Phi Gamma Delta fraternity had an annual “Daddy” Riggs party in honor of all that he did. He was a beloved figure and his lectures were often considered better entertainment than a night out at the theater. Professor Riggs was a man who helped others. His common sense, wisdom and integrity were a beacon to those that he met along the way. Professor Riggs’ advice is as relevant today as it was then. He often quoted retired Professor and Associate Dean Joseph Baker Davis “Young man when theory and practice differ use your horse sense”. This book is edited by a descendent of Henry Earle Riggs. It is hardbound with a green cloth cover and approximately 160 pages (8&1/2” X 11”) printed on acid free paper by Higginson Books in Salem, Massachusetts. The price is expected to be in the $30.00 to $40.00 range including shipping. If you are interested in purchasing a copy send a letter with your name, address and email address to Henry E. Chaffee, c/o Model Builders, Inc., 6155 S. Oak Park Avenue, Chicago, IL 60638. When pricing is finalized in March you will be notified with an order form and can order a copy then. All orders with checks will be due by May and publication will start then with completion expected in July 2005. After this initial

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Rapid Evaluation of Building Damage Using Augmented RealityBy Vineet R. Kamat, Assistant Professor, and Sherif El-Tawil, Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Introduction Accurate evaluation of damage sustained by buildings during catastrophic events (e.g. earthquakes or terrorist attacks) is critical to determine the buildings’ safety and their suitability for future occupancy. Time is of the essence in conducting the evaluations since the damaged buildings cannot resume serving their regular purpose until they are deemed safe. The speed with which evaluations are conducted determines the duration for which the potentially damaged buildings remain unusable. The elapsed time directly translates into significant economic losses and to circumstances in which humans are exposed to precarious working and living conditions. Notwithstanding the significant economic and safety considerations involved, current practices of evaluating damage to buildings after catastrophic events are labor intensive, time consuming and error prone. This article presents ongoing research being conducted to design and implement a new, rapid post-disaster building damage reconnaissance technology. The technology being designed will allow on-site damage inspectors to retrieve previously stored building information, superimpose that information onto a real structure in Augmented Reality (AR) (Barfield and Caudell 2001), and evaluate building damage, structural integrity, and safety by measuring and interpreting key differences between the baseline image and the real view. This article introduces the overall framework, describes the method of rapidly computing global building damage measures using AR, and reports on a pilot study conducted in the Structural Engineering Laboratory to evaluate the concept’s feasibility.

Overall Framework of New Reconnaissance Technology Figure 1 presents the overall architecture of the new damage reconnaissance methodology. When fully implemented, the system will allow on-site users to retrieve previously stored information about a building, superimpose this information onto the real structure in an AR setting, and evaluate damage by simply comparing the two views. Users will be able to use the developed tool to measure key differences between the baseline image and the real view and compute damage indices that will allow critical decisions to be made about a building’s structural integrity and safety. In addition, by using feedback information from the actual view of the building, users will be able to update structural analysis models and conduct on-site what-if simulations to explore how a building might collapse if critical structural members fail, or how the building’s stability could best be enhanced by strengthening key structural members. The new system will also make it possible to project additional information into the user’s view field, such as structural details that can assist in planning for repair operations, as well as other building views, architectural data, or egress information needed for search and rescue operations.

FACULTY RESEARCH publication single copies will be available through Higginson Books (www.higginsonbooks.com) for a cost about 25% higher and only the initial publication will have the title printed on the front side of the cover.

Ellen Douglas Chaffee, oldest living descendant of Henry Earle Riggs and his granddaughter, in front of the portrait of Professor Henry Earle Riggs, in the office of the Chair, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan.

CEEFA Spring Meeting and Technical Session on “Frontiers in Construction: The U of M and Beyond,” Friday, April 8, 2005

Assistant Professor Vineet Kamat will present, “What We See Is What We Get: Applications of Interactive Virtual and Augmented Reality in Construction Engineering,” at the Civil and Environmental Engineering Friends Association (CEEFA) Spring Meeting and Technical Session on Friday, April 8, 2005, in the GM Conference Room of the Lurie Engineering Center (LEC), on the University of Michigan North Campus. Please mark your calendar and sign up for the meeting. Additional information and a registration form are available on page 30.

F. E. Richart Lecture

This year’s F. E. Richart Lecture will be given by Prof. Mete Sozen of Purdue University on Wednesday, March 23, 2005. Please mark your calendar, and contact the CEE department or visit the CEE department web page for details.

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registered in 3D augmented space, the lateral displacements between the image and the tested (and thus displaced) specimen could be observed and measured (Figure 3). An initial observation of lateral distance between the CAD image and the displaced wall yielded an approximate measurement of 2 inches compared to the actual displacement of 1.72 inches that was observed in the tested wall using traditional techniques.

Figure 2: Computation of Residual Interstory Drift Ratios (IDRs) After a Seismic Event

Conclusion In this article, we have introduced the overall structure of a framework that is being designed to facilitate the rapid evaluation of damage sustained by buildings in the after-math of catastrophic events. The computation of global building damage measures such as the IDR is the logical first step in rapidly determining the extent of damage that a building has sustained in a seismic event.

Figure 3: Observed Displacement (zoomed for clarity) Between Registered Augmented CAD Image and Real Damaged Concrete Wall Specimen

A methodology based on augmented situational visualization is presented that overlays facades of possibly damaged and displaced buildings with pre-existing images of the undamaged structures. The IDRs for the buildings’ stories can then be rapidly computed by comparing the displacements at key building locations with their original positions in the overlaid images. By comparing computed IDRs to predetermined thresholds, a very quick but thorough assessment of the level of structural and non-structural damage

Figure 1: Overall Architecture of the New Damage Reconnaissance Methodology In order to achieve these objectives, on-site users of the system will use equipment that will consist of an AR see-through display attached to a lightweight computing platform such as a laptop (Figure 1). The user’s platform will be sufficiently powerful to perform basic image processing and display. Building data, recorded earthquake strong motion data, and computing resources will be available through a computational grid interconnected by a high-speed, high-bandwidth network. Grid resources, such as building databases, seismic record information warehouses, and computer servers, may be distributed geographically under different administrative domains. Communication between the on-site platforms and a gateway to the computational grid will be via wireless, possibly multi-hop, connection.

Rapid Evaluation of Global Building Damage Measures Of the many damage indices proposed, the Interstory Drift Ratio (IDR) remains the most robust and indicative of damage at the story level (FEMA 2000b). The residual IDR is a measure of how far each building floor has moved permanently relative to the one beneath, and is an indicator of both structural and non-structural damage. Due to its comprehensive nature and the fact that it can be reliably correlated to other damage indices, the IDR forms the basis of the most recent seismic specifications for moment-resisting frame structures (e.g. FEMA 2000a). By comparing a baseline image to the actual shape of a structure after the seismic event, it can be possible to compute the residual IDR at each floor. This is shown schematically in Figure 2. By comparing computed IDRs to predetermined thresholds, a very quick but thorough assessment of the level of structural and non-structural damage incurred can be made. Two particularly important thresholds are being investigated in this research: immediate occupancy and collapse prevention limits. Both are well documented for various types of construction in existing specifications such as FEMA 2000c and FEMA 2000a.

Pilot Study In order to evaluate the feasibility of observing and measuring permanent lateral structural displacements using AR, we registered and augmented a CAD image of a structural concrete wall on a corresponding real specimen in the UM Structural Engineering Laboratory. Registration (i.e. coinciding the real and virtual coordinate axes) in 3D augmented space was achieved by placing fiducial markers at known locations in the laboratory. The markers were then optically tracked and the CAD image of the wall was placed relative to the visible marker(s) such that the augmented image coincided with the exact location of the real specimen in its original undamaged (i.e. with no displacements) state. Once the CAD image was correctly

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A Senior Design Course at the Cusp of Green Infrastructure Innovation

By Peter Adriaens, Ph.D., P.E., Professor, Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and School of Natural Resources and the Environment; and Corrie Clark, Master of Science in Engineering student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

It has now been two years since I decided to volunteer as a faculty advisor in engineering to a student project in the Tauber Manufacturing Institute (TMI). Funded by major endowments from industry and individual donors, the two-year TMI educational program trains business and engineering students, culminating in a combined MBA-MEng degree. As part of the program, the students are required to work in teams on industry-proposed projects related to manufacturing. I was interested in a project proposed by Alcoa Corporation (John Smith and Kevin Kitzman) through its Technical Center in Pittsburgh, PA to make the business case for a cost-effective stormwater management technology for industrial applications.

Specifically, Alcoa was interested in the implementation of green (or vegetated) roofs (figure above – Sugarloaf, PA) as a means to reduce and delay peak stormwater discharges, and clean up contaminants in runoff. The basic features of a vegetated roof are outlined in the picture below, and include, aside from the structural support, a roofing membrane, root barrier, a drainage system, the growth medium and vegetation. Depending on the configuration, growth medium thickness, and functionality, the average added weight per square foot of roof surface is on the order of 17 to 80 lbs wet weight.

incurred during a disaster can be successfully made. Preliminary research results obtained from the pilot test indicate that the approach is not only possible, but also very effective.

ReferencesBarfield, W., and Caudell, T. [editors] (2001). Fundamentals of

Wearable Computers and Augmented Reality. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.

FEMA-350 (2000a). Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Moment-Frame Buildings, FEMA 350/July 2000, Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington, D.C.

FEMA 355D (2000b). State of the Art Report on Connection Performance, prepared by the SAC Joint Venture for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.

FEMA-356 (2000c). Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 356/November 2000, Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington, D.C.

Contact InformationAssistant Professor Vineet Kamat, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engrg.,

2340 GG Brown, 2350 Hayward, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Phone +1 734/764-4325, FAX 734/764-4292, vkamat@umich.edu

Associate Professor Sherif El-Tawil, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engrg., 2340 GG Brown, 2350 Hayward, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Phone +1 734/764-5617, FAX 734/764-4292, eltawil@umich.edu

Assistant Professor Vineet Kamat

Associate Professor Sherif El-Tawil

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itself to teach the senior design course, I decided to focus on green roof technology as an example of green infrastructure design, and an opportunity to enable the Civil and Environmental Engineering undergraduates to work together on a single project, rather than on separate projects. We have recently been able to strengthen this collaborative interaction between the business school, engineering and SNRE. Corrie Clark (CEE and SNRE) is currently co-advised by Brian Talbot, Jonathan Bulkley and me in a research project that integrates contaminant fate and transport in green roofs with socio-economic valuation of this technology through the application of market-driven business tools. She will bring this expertise to bear as a GSI in the Winter 2005 senior design course. At the time of the last ABET review five years ago, the Department decided to no longer solely integrate design elements in senior courses, but to implement a senior design course (CEE 402). The course is now in its sixth year and has undergone significant changes in its development in response to student feedback and experiences as well as expertise of the cognizant faculty members (Dick Woods, Steve Wright, Peter Adriaens). The basic tenets of the course have remained largely the same, and include:

1. Team-based design projects, to include structural and environmental analysis2. Team-based presentations and reporting, including competitive statements of qualification (SOQ), Technical and Cost Proposals, and extensive reporting3. The use of business tools for cost analysis4. Exposure to professional ethics issues5. Comprehensive discussions on careers as a professional engineer (PE)

In 2004, I engaged John Wolfe (M.S., P.E., Diplomate in Environmental Engineering), senior engineer at LimnoTech, Inc. (Ann Arbor, MI), and John Hull (M.S., P.E.), CEO of Hull & Associates (Toledo, OH). The team was further supplemented by Rob Sulewski from Technical Communications, as well as ad hoc participation of colleagues in CE (Andy Nowak, Subhash Goel), and even enjoyed an impromptu lecture generously provided by Assistant Professor Gustavo Parra-Montesinos. Sixteen teams of four students (each composed of a mix of structural, geotechnical and environmental engineering majors) worked on one of four green building projects with different a priori design information: 1. The UM-Art and Architecture Building; 2. The UM – Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Building (rated the 2nd least energy efficient building on campus); 3. A hospital in Toledo; 4. A manufacturing plant in Toledo where the roof needed to serve, in addition to stormwater management, as a cooling medium for 120°F process water prior to discharge. The students either received detailed building plans (EWRE, A&A), boring logs and square footage (manufacturing plant), or general design characteristics (hospital). The requirements were to conduct:

• Structural analysis calculations• Stormwater infrastructure and runoff analysis

I knew nothing about green roof technology, and neither did my colleague in the Business School, Professor Brian Talbot. Brian, together with IOE’s Chip White, had initiated the fundraising for TMI ten years earlier and they served as the Institute’s first co-Directors. The team was further made up of two business students (Cigdem Ozturk, David Purcell), one engineering student (Roli Gupta) and a student from the Corporate Environmental Management Program (CEMP; Scott Ward). The latter is a joint program between the Business School and the School of Natural Resources and Environment (SNRE).

To help the team become experts in the technology, Alcoa sponsored all of us to go to the First North American Green Roof Conference in Chicago, to the world’s cleanest smelter on the St. Lawrence River (in Quebec, Canada). In addition, the students spent one month in Germany, which is the seat for green roof technology with forty years of experience. After five months of study and meetings, a presentation was made to Alcoa’s corporate board, including Bill O’Rourke, Alcoa’s Vice President for Environment. As a professor in CEE, the experience opened my eyes to corporate decision-making, and business culture, and helped me develop interactions with SBA and CEMP. However, the substantial translational value of the project was the realization that the technology implementation was dominated by architects with little or no input from engineering, aside from load-bearing capacity calculations. Yet, the technology touches many aspects which are our bread and butter: structural analysis, stormwater management, and contaminant fate and transport. When the opportunity presented

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• Life cycle cost analysis (incl. premium costs, energy savings, etc…)• Preliminary design

The approach was judged to be different from other design exercises in CEE, as here the students were not given design specifications, but had to come up with their own designs using assumptions derived from available literature data, interactions with the consultants, queries from vendors, stormwater infrastructure designs and ASCE specifications for structural requirements.

An example is shown for a structural analysis to retrofit the A&A building: 36% of the total roof area could be converted to a green roof using a modular 4” green roof compatible with the load bearing capacity of selected units of the A&A complex. This retrofit would result in $28K savings in energy per year, and generate an overall life cycle savings on the order of 0.5M over 40 years. The total stormwater reductions amounted to nearly 800,000 gal. per year, or on the order of 45% of total rainfall, resulting in a significant impact on the required size of the retention basin. Note that the students also had to come up with a new roof drainage system to accommodate the average and peak stormwater volumes collected during South-East Michigan rain events. A completely different project selected by some of the student teams was a new manufacturing facility, where only soil borings and a footprint (1.25 M. sq. ft.) were available. The students were to come up with an approach that included structural design of the plant to accommodate stormwater management, as well as process water cooling. Some of the results are provided below. Following

a comprehensive analysis, the green roof approach to process water cooling was not deemed to be economical with a Net Present Value (NPV) cost differential in excess of $4M.

For situations such as this, we have decided this year to explore the opportunity of air credits to close the cost gap, based on recent methodology developed by Ms. Clark. These findings will be presented at two international conferences in 2005. The basic tenet of the methodology is that green roofs improve local air quality through reduction of the heat island effect, and the uptake of regional atmospheric contaminants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx). At the currently traded market value of $2,150 per ton, NOx uptake may represent a substantial fraction of the financial gap differential between the upfront green roof investment and its structural/utility savings benefits. This modification of the design projects for the Winter 2005 course presents an opportunity for the students to look into quantifying societal benefits from green building designs, and be at the cutting edge of research in this area. The feedback thus far from the consultants, project judges (e.g. Doug Kelbaugh, Dean A&A; Malama Chock, UM-Plant Operations), and the students was generally positive and encouraging. As we continue to shape the value of the senior design course to the students and the department, I look forward to continue building bridges (no pun intended!) between the ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ side.

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Professor Peter Adriaens

Corrie Clark

Development of an Improved Procedure for Estimating Lateral Earth Pressures for Seismic Design of Flexible Earth Retaining Walls

By Wanda I. Cameron Avilés, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Earth retaining structures constitute an integral part of the infrastructure in the United States and around the world, extensively being used for bridge abutments, cuts along highways, port facilities, etc. The Mononobe-Okabe method (Mononobe & Matsuo 1929, Okabe 1924) is commonly used for determining the seismically-induced lateral earth pressures for the seismic design of retaining structures. For flexible cantilever retaining walls, the applicability of Mononobe-Okabe (M-O) method is questionable, as the flexibility of the system violates one of the fundamental assumptions of the method (i.e., soil failure wedge and retaining wall act as rigid monoliths). Regarding the implementation of current design methods, the assumption that critical earth pressures for global and internal stability occurs as the cantilever retaining wall moves away from the backfill is not appropriate. Recent studies have shown that higher pressures act on the wall as it moves towards the backfill, which is of no concern for the global stability of the wall, but often is the critical load case for internal stability (Green and Ebeling, 2002). Therefore, a new design approach for flexible cantilever retaining structures is needed to overcome the shortcomings of current design methods.

The purpose of this research is to develop an improved procedure for determining the critical lateral earth pressures for both internal and global stability of flexible retaining walls. The influence of the flexibility of the soil-structure system on the magnitude and distribution of lateral earth pressure induced along the stem and heel section of the wall (Figure 1) is being investigated. This research involves the following three phases: 1) characterization of frequency content of earthquake ground motions, 2) numerical parametric studies of the dynamic response of cantilever retaining systems, and 3) development of an improved engineering procedure for determining the seismic design earth pressures for flexible cantilever retaining walls. One of the key aspects of this research is to define indices that can be used to quantify the dynamic flexibility of a soil-structure system. It is hypothesized that the dynamic flexibility of the system depends on the fundamental period of the soil structure, relative to the characteristic period of the ground motions. For example, even a relatively flexible wall system will respond dynamically as a rigid monolith if the characteristic wave length of the ground motion is long compared to the height of the wall. This is because at a given instant in time the wall system will experience fairly uniform accelerations with depth. Otherwise, the earth retaining system will respond dynamically flexible, resulting in complex deformations. Therefore, both the properties of the soil-structure system and the characteristics of the ground motions determine whether the system will respond dynamically rigid, as assumed in the M-O method, or dynamically flexible. As a result, a portion of this research is focusing on the characterization of the frequency content of earthquake ground motions. Various approaches proposed in literature for quantifying the characteristic period of ground motions are being investigated. Recorded and/or synthetic earthquake records for Western United States and Central/Eastern United States representing a wide range of magnitude and site-to-source distance combinations have been collected and their characteristic frequencies are being determined by the various methods. A parametric study is being performed using selected earthquake records as input motions in nonlinear numerical dynamic response analyses of cantilever retaining walls. The analyses are being performed using the two-dimensional finite difference computer program FLAC, Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, (Itasca, 2000). The results of the numerical parametric study are being used to determine the magnitude and distribution of lateral earth pressures induced along the stem and heel section of the wall. Identified trends are being used to develop an engineering approach for estimating seismic design earth pressures as a function of the characteristics of ground motions and geometry/properties of the soil-structure system. The results from preliminary analyses show that at high levels of shaking the lateral earth pressures induced on the stem of the wall were greater than those predicted by the M-O method. As shown in Figure 2, the failure mechanism for the cantilever retaining wall analyzed consisted of several wedges, rather than a single rigid failure wedge as assumed in the M-O method. Because the wall and soil failure wedges do not act as rigid monoliths, the M-O method tends to underestimate the magnitude of the lateral earth load induced on the wall. The results of this research will improve the current design procedures for determining the seismic earth pressures acting on flexible cantilever retaining structures. The seismic lateral earth pressures induced on the stem of the wall are very important for an

STUDENT RESEARCH

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adequate structural design. The improved design approach will help to minimize the seismic risk of flexible retaining walls, the stability of which is vital for post-earthquake emergency response.

References Green, R.A. and Ebeling, R.M. (2002). “Seismic analysis of cantilever retaining walls, phase I,” ERDC/ITL TR-02-3, Information Technology Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. Itasca. (2000). FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) User’s Manuals, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis, MN. Mononobe, N. and Matsuo, H. (1929). “On the determination of earth pressure during earthquakes,” Proceedings World Engineering Congress, Vol. 9, 177-185. Okabe, S. (1924). “General theory of earth pressures and seismic stability of retaining wall and dam,” Journal Japan Society of Civil Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 5, 1277-1323.

Figure 1. Sketch of design lateral earth pressures on cantilever retaining wall for a) internal stability and b) global stability

Figure 2. Failure mechanism of the cantilever retaining wall analyzed (deformations magnified by factor of 3).

Wanda Cameron

An Experimental Study of Gravity Currents in a Stratified Environment

By Periandros Samothrakis, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Pollution transport in the atmosphere and the ocean is an important concern to environmental engineers. To predict contaminant transport and forecast concentration of particular pollutants, physical processes associated with turbulent mixing and entrainment in stratified environments need to be accurately represented. Such transport can be performed by gravity currents. Gravity currents, also known as density currents, are ubiquitous in the environment. These currents can be generated by a density difference of only a few percent. A typical occurrence of such flows in the ocean is in the form of turbidity currents which are masses of water and sediment that flow down the continental slope. They are responsible for the transfer of sediment from the continents to the oceans and the filling of large sedimentary basins at the bottom of the ocean. The breaking of submarine cables (Simpson 1997) has been attributed to these currents. Gravity currents also occur in the atmosphere, in the form of katabatic winds as in figure 1 (Thompson 1984). The following problem describes such a case. Consider a large city in a valley where atmospheric conditions have created a strong inversion above the city. The pollution levels can become extremely high causing people to suffer from a variety of respiratory problems. If the katabatic winds are not strong enough to penetrate through the inversion and dilute the polluted air above the city, pollution levels will keep rising. Therefore, it is essential to quantify the physical processes taking place at the interface. Accurate transport models can then be developed as well as pollution countermeasures.

Figure 1: Schematic of katabatic wind.

There are also examples of man-made gravity currents with industrial applications. Such an example which has received much attention is the accidental release of a dense gas, which might be poisonous or explosive. In December 3, 1984, methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas leaked from a plant in Bhopal, India. Approximately 3,800 people died and approximately 2,800 other individuals experienced partial disabilities. The instantaneous release of a dense gas in a less dense environment, after the failure of a containment tank, usually starts as a gravity current. Much experimental and theoretical work (Baines, 2001) has been carried out on this problem, leading to possible methods of controlling such spreads.

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To answer these questions I have been investigating (under the direction of Prof. Aline Cotel) the flow resulting from the continuous release of a gravity current on a slope in a two layer stratified environment. This situation could represent the flow of a katabatic wind along the slope of a mountain in a two-layer stratified environment, as described earlier. The objectives of this work are to quantify the effect of the stratified interface on the entrainment and mixing processes of a gravity current, and to investigate the effect of the interface on the structure of the gravity current head by providing detailed velocity and vorticity measurements. Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique is used to quantify entrainment and mixing. This method takes advantage of the properties of a dye (fluorescein) that fluoresces at certain wavelengths. A photographic sequence taken with this technique is shown in figure 2. The current is flowing from left to right and in figure 2a we can clearly see the position of the stratified interface (bright region on the right). As the gravity current penetrates the interface, Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices are formed on the upper surface of the head (figures 2b and 2c). These vortices represent the dominant mixing mechanism.

Figure 2: Sequence of images for a typical experiment.

To investigate the effect of the interface on the structure of the head of the gravity current another measurement technique was used. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is an optical technique that provides planar flow measurements of velocity and vorticity. The flow is quantitatively visualized through the use and motion of flow markers (particles). The flow is seeded with titanium oxide particles. For the illumination of the particles a laser sheet is formed. The laser light was directed from the bottom of the flume to the region of interest with mirrors; spherical and cylindrical lenses were used to form a thin laser sheet. The laser is pulsed twice at known interval. Simultaneously, a frame is obtained using a CCD camera, which exports the digital PIV images of the flow to the attached computer. The digitized images were analyzed using a PIV processing software. The software determined the velocity at points on an equally spaced grid covering the region of interest in the flow. Since the time interval

between the two frames is known, the velocity of the particles can be deduced from their displacement. Vorticity is a fluid property defined as twice the local rate of rotation of a fluid element. Figures 3 and 4 represent typical average vorticity fields for two extreme cases (weak and high stratification) of the gravity current head. The color bar on the bottom indicates the sign and magnitude of the vortices. The red color (positive vorticity) indicates a counterclockwise vortex, while the blue color (negative vorticity) indicates a clockwise rotating vortex. From the vorticity fields, we can observe that for the weakly stratified case (figure 3), the strength of the vorticity is high to begin with (3a) and it remains high after the impingement (3b). On the other hand, for the highly stratified case (figure 4), the strength of the vorticity is much lower; especially for the counterclockwise vortex but there is a strong clockwise vortex along the slope (4a). After the impingement we observe that the strength of the vorticity remains low and the vortices tend to break up (4b).

Figure 3: Vorticity fields for the weakly stratified case, before (a) and after (b) the impingement of the stratified interface.

Figure 4: Vorticity fields for the highly stratified case, before (a) and after (b) the impingement of the stratified interface.

ReferencesBaines, P. G. (2001), “Mixing in flows down gentle slopes

into stratified environment”, J. Fluid Mech., 443, 237-270.Samothrakis P. and Cotel A. (2003), “Gravity current on a

slope impinging on a stratified interface”. XXX IAHR Conference, Theme C, Vol. I, 365-372, Thessaloniki, Greece, August 2003.

Samothrakis P. and Cotel A. (2004), “The effect of a stratified interface on gravity current dynamics”. 17th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, June 2004.

http://www.engin.umich.edu/dept/cee 21

University of Michigan Chapter of the American Society of Civil Engineers (UM ASCE)

By Kristen Parrish, ASCE President

As the school year begins here at the University of Michigan, many student societies and activities begin also. The University of Michigan chapter of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is no exception. ASCE looks to make the fall semester of 2004 the best yet. The ASCE officers have planned a variety of events, both on campus and off, which give an excellent opportunity for students to get involved not only in the Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) department community, but in the College of Engineering and metro Detroit community as well. Here at the University of Michigan, ASCE is comprised of both students and faculty. ASCE offers a great environment for students to meet other students and get to know our department faculty. ASCE works to help CEE student teams such as the steel bridge team and concrete canoe team, and joining a student team is another great way to meet fellow CEE students. ASCE also works to help students further their career goals by creating a resume book sent to local firms, encouraging networking through the mentorship program, and offering Fundamentals in Engineering (FE) and Principles in Engineering (PE) study books at a discounted rate. ASCE opportunities at the University of Michigan include:

• Biweekly speaker meetings featuring a local professional and FREE food

• ASCE Habitat for Humanity date• The 2005 Career Fair• Bowling, corn maize, and other social events• Intramural sports: Broomball and flag football

ASCE membership at the University of Michigan is continually rising, and becoming a member as a student is easier than

ever: membership is free for students, and the application is the size of an index card! To become a member, just stop by the ASCE student lounge and fill out a membership card (located on the ASCE office door), and place the completed card in the envelope (also on the ASCE office door). ASCE is also always looking for professionals to come in and speak to our chapter, so if you are interested or have a suggestion of someone you would like to see speak, please contact me at parrishk@engin.umich.edu. Also, ASCE hosts a Career Fair annually which is open exclusively to Civil and Environmental Engineering students. This year, the Career Fair will be held on Friday, February 4th, 2005. There are companies coming from across the nation, and we are always looking for more! The Career Fair is free for students and is $120 per table for companies. We are expecting a big turnout, and I encourage all students to attend. I would also encourage any interested companies and professionals to contact one of the Chapter Vice Presidents, Yee Chen (yeechen@engin.umich.edu) or Jill Inman (inmanj@engin.umich.edu) for details on Career Fair involvement. If there are any questions concerning the ASCE chapter events or programs mentioned in this article, please do not hesitate to contact me at parrishk@engin.umich.edu.

Samothrakis P. and Cotel A. (2004), “The propagation of a gravity current in a two-layer stratified environment” (under review). Journal of Geophysical Research.

Simpson, J. E. (1997), “Gravity currents in the environment and the laboratory”, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press.

Thompson, B. W. (1984), “Small-scale katabatics and cold hollows”, Weather, 41, 146-153.

Periandros Samothrakis

STUDENT NEWSSteel Bridge Team Continues Success

By Cordelle Thomasma, Steel Bridge Team Co-captain

The Civil and Environmental Engineering department’s Steel Bridge Team placed second in the 2004 National Student Steel Bridge Competition this past May. After winning the 2003 competition, the team worked hard to replicate the effort with exceptional teamwork and dedication. The team would like to thank its sponsors whose donations made the season possible. Gold sponsors were, the CEE department, the Wilson Student Team Project Center, and Aristeo Construction. Silver sponsors were Barrett Paving Materials and Parsons. Blue sponsors were Abonmarche Consultants, CA Hull, McNamee Porter & Seeley, Cornerstone Engineering, Kozar Construction, ASAP Steel, Josh Nelson, and Gustavo Parra-Montesinos. U of M Steel Bridge Team has enjoyed remarkable success over the past four years winning the regional competition four years in a row and placing 2nd, 1st, and 4th in the national competition in 2004, 2003, and 2002 respectively. The 2004 team was made up of sophomores, juniors, seniors, and graduate students. Past team members contributed their knowledge as well. It was truly a team effort and the individual talents

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Michigan Concrete Canoehttp://www.engin.umich.edu/team/canoe/index.html Steel Bridge Teamhttp://www.engin.umich.edu/soc/sbt/

The Michigan Solar House Project

By William St. AmantMaster of Engineering in Construction Engineering Management Programand Master of Architecture Program Student

The Michigan Solar House Project, otherwise known as MiSo*, is the University of Michigan’s entry to the 2005 Solar Decathlon. Student-led teams, representing nineteen colleges and universities will build and transport 800 square foot houses to the National Mall for a ten day competition and exhibition in October of 2005. The contests range from architecture and livability and comfort to how well the solar homes perform in providing energy for space heating and cooling, hot water, and to power lighting and appliances. The goal of this demonstration is to show how people can live in comfort within completely solar powered houses.

MiSo* is an interdisciplinary effort with representation from Michigan Colleges of Architecture, Engineering, Schools of Natural Resources, Business, and of Art and Design. The Construction Engineering and Management Program (CEM) is playing a key role in the MiSo* Project. John Beeson, M.Eng. student, has been the Project Manager, driving the project from its inception in late 2003. Under the direction of Dr. John Everett, the Fall 2004 CEE 530 Construction Professional Practice Seminar developed MiSo*’s organizational structure. Assistant Professor Vineet Kamat currently is advising the MiSo* team with resource planning and management expertise.

The modeling of the project organization, timeline, and resource management has been heavily indebted to CEM coursework. Project Scheduling and Resource allocation is based on Critical Path Networks, specifically employing an overlapping Network modeling a Just-In-Time contract. Final Submittals to the contest organizers include an arrival and departure plan to the National Mall, giving new meaning to the concept of on site Project Delivery - task assignments divided into 15 minute increments are required for each member of the ten person crew over the four day period of assembly. CEM students will continue to play key role as the project moves to construction operations phase in the winter and spring. Safety planning and implementation, material and resource planning, subcontractor administration will all be under the direction of MiSo*/CEM student volunteers.

were multiplied to produce an innovative bridge that expanded on previous success and creativity. The 2004 team members were: Chris Kipp, Gordon Corvers, Nate Sosin, Alex Patsy, John Marino, Pete Haupt, Rob Kozar, Nan Karczewski, Robin Lee, Frank Duff, Jonah Kurth, Brandon Johnson, Remy Lequesne and co-captains Cordelle Thomasma and Mike Vitek. The competition rules change each year and are designed to challenge schools by varying the most important aspects of the competition. Three components make up the overall score including the bridge’s deflection under a 2500 pound load, the weight of the bridge, and the time required by a crew to assemble the prefabricated pieces of the bridge. The 2004 rules weighted deflection and weight more heavily than the 2003 rules did. Consequently, more effort was placed on design and analysis of the structure. Also, the complexity of the analysis increased due to the variability of the load combinations. Although the load and the number of loading positions (three) were known ahead of time, there were 36 possible loading positions based on two rolls of a dice at the competition. The steel bridge competition is co-sponsored by ASCE and AISC. Over 170 schools across the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Japan compete regionally. Roughly 45 teams advance to the national competition. The engineering team experience is fun, competitive, educational, and rewarding for everyone who invests themselves in it. The 2005 team is currently working on a new design and is looking forward to competing in and hosting the regional competition in early April.

U-M Hosts 2005 Regional Steel Bridge Team and Concrete Canoe Team Competition

The 2005 Regional Competition will be hosted by the University of Michigan on April 1 and 2. Gloria Jeff, MDOT Director, will speak at the April 2 banquet. Please check the Michigan Concrete Canoe and the U-M Steel Bridge Team web pages for places and times of events.

http://www.engin.umich.edu/dept/cee 23

Annual CEE Food DriveStudents Retain Pork-and-Beans Trophy

The 2004 competition began on November 22, and the CEE Food Drive results were announced on December 10 at the CEE Holiday Potluck in the Blue Lounge. The final totals were: faculty and staff 1420 pounds, and students 1584

Student Awards

David Ferrand, PhD candidate in CEE, has received an award from FIB (Fédération Internationale du Béton) at the 5th International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering. The International PhD Symposium is held every 2 years and serves as a forum for international discussion in Civil Engineering; PhD candidates have the opportunity to present their research to an international audience which includes experts in sciences and industry. The selection is based on the technical content of the paper and the presentation quality. More than 180 PhD students from around the world participated in this Symposium and David Ferrand is the only PhD Student from the United States to receive an award. The paper was co-authored with Prof. Andrzej S. Nowak and Dr. Maria M. Szerszen.

Two Environmental Engineering Graduate Students Sweep the Technical Paper Competition at the SHPE National Conference!

Environmental Engineering PhD students Andres Clarens and Tanya Gallegos finished first and second place in the Technical Paper Competition at the 2005 National Technical & Career Conference (NTCC) January 5-9 in Dallas, TX. This is the premier annual conference for Hispanic engineering students and professionals hosted by the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (SHPE). Over eighty-five Hispanic graduate engineering students submitted entries for the competition with University of Michigan winning the top two awards. For first place Andres received a $750 scholarship, roundtrip airline tickets, and an MP3 Player. The title of his paper was a “Comparison of Vegetable and Petroleum Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids Delivered in Aqueous and Carbon Dioxide Carriers.” Co-authors of Andres’ paper were Professors Kim Hayes (CEE) and Steve Skerlos (ME). Tanya received a $500 scholarship, roundtrip airline tickets, and an MP3 Player for her 2nd place finish. Her paper was “Reactive Ferrous Sulfide/Ferric Oxide Multi-Layer Films for Remediation of Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater.” Co-authors of Tanya’s paper were Professors Kim Hayes (CEE) and Linda Abriola (Tufts).

pounds. As we reflect on this holiday season, we can

realize that Food Gatherers was the real winner in this competition.

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GIFTS Gifts from our Alumni, Friends and Research Partners 2004

Thank you for your generous gifts to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. If we have missed someone, please accept our apology, and also let us know so we can correct our records.

Donations from CorporationsAlphafive Corporation American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. Barr Engineering Co. Carl L. Brassow & Associates, P.C. The Dow Chemical Company Exxon Mobil Corporation Halliburton Janet’s Hallmark Shop Kuraray Co., Ltd., R & D Division Lawrence Properties & Investments, L.L.C. Limno-Tech, Inc. Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. The National Water Research Institute Person and Craver LLP PMA Consultants LLC Shell Oil Company Union Pacific Corporation Valle Hermoso Commercial Enterprises, Inc.

Donations from IndividualsSony and Vivek Agarwal Col. Richard W. Anderschat (Ret.) Donald G. Anderson, Ph.D. Prof. James C. Anderson Anonymous General-FY05-Family Foundation Mr. David Argetsinger George William Auch, III Mr. John F. Babcock Anne Louise Baird Mr. Karl G. Bartscht Lloyd E. and Irene C. Bastian Richard F. Beaubien, P.E. Mr. Bradley W. Behrman Mr. Anderton L. Bentley, Jr. Wayne and Debora Bergstrom William J. Bernardo Steven and Mary Betz Calvin A. Bidwell Mrs. Lola J. Borchardt Mr. and Mrs. Richard Bowman Mr. Alfred R. Briere Amy Leigh Brown Mr. Andrejs Broze

Mr. Jack D. Bryant A. Marvin and Marilyn L. Burdinie Kellene M. Burn-Roy, P.E. Franklin L. Burton Mr. Patrick W. Byle Michael Francis Casey Jaime A. Cerros Richard A. Chudd, P.E. Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence G. Clare James K. Cleland Donald E. and Astrid E. Cleveland Stanley L. Clingerman, P.E. Charles H. and Judith L. Connelly Mr. and Mrs. James A. Cook Charles and Susan Cremin Robert and Kathryn Curie David and Carole Darr Mr. Peter R. Daukss Jeffrey K. Davis Dr. Sean M. Dean Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Delgado David and Helene Despres John and Lisa Deutsch Bruce N. Dorfman Colleen and Ian Doten Dana and Gail Dougherty Vincent P. and Roxanne M. Drnevich Mr. E. James Ebert Wayne F. Echelberger, Jr., Ph.D. Mr. and Mrs. Gary R. Elling Gene E. Ellis Mr. Ted L. Erickson James and Linda L. Eschelbach Dennis and Carolyn Farmer David Fischer and Julie Trombly James A. and Peggy M. Fisher Mark Andrew Flak George J. Fletcher Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Furdak Paul G. Ganzenhuber Mr. and Mrs. Neal A. Gehring Mr. Allen B. Gelderloos Julie Drozd Gennaro Marvin and Judith Gertz Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Getty Lawrence T. and Barbara J. Gilbert William M. Glazier, Ph.D. Eugene and Marie Glysson Eugene A. Glysson, Ph.D.John S. Gooding Ms. Lesley A. Gordon, Esq. Ms. Bonnie Kay Greenleaf Ralph M. Hansen, Sr. Trustee Kai H. and Kathy S. Hansen, Jr. Mr. Fred M. Hendricks III Joseph and Marilynn Hill

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Dennis R. Hiltunen, Ph.D. Mr. Eric C. Ho Kevin Bruce Hoppe Mr. Earl C. Howard, P.E. Roman D. Hryciw Eugene Y. Huang Mr. James W. Hubbell Mr. and Mrs. Theodore B. Huizenga Dr. and Mrs. Shin Joh Kang Nikolaos and Donna Katopodes Laurel Ann Kendall, P.E. Mr. Andrew P. Kilpatrick Mr. and Mrs. Richard R. Kinsey Kenneth and Yolanda Kits Beth and Jack Knol Starr D. Kohn, Ph.D. Paul James Koski Timothy Jon Kumbier Don P. Lasage Brent W. LaVanway Mr. John R. Lee Patricia and Norman Lee Elizabeth and Harry Lee Janet and Philip Lineer Alger Wright Luckham, Jr. George and Judith Majoros Mr. Joseph F. Marmo Dr. Archie Mathews Mr. Scott E. Maxwell Mr. and Mrs. Robert I. McCullough Mr. Harold M. McDonald III Mr. Michael R. McGill Jerry A. and Nancy M. McLellan Carol and Stephen Miller Michael W. and Pamela Griffin Mincher Mr. John G. Moldovan Paul and Adele Moote Robert and Sophie Mordis Philip R. Mueller Daniel M. Murphy Antoine and Ingrid Naaman David E. Navarre Tom and Greta Newhof Robert and Pamela Nichols Mr. Aaron E. Nordman Andrzej S. Nowak Reynold and Donna Oas Kevin P. Olmstead Foundation Mr. Luigi Ori Terry and Pat O’Toole Dr. Gustavo J. Parra-Montesinos Mark and Susan Pascoe Harkhaji D. and Ushma H. Patel Robert H. and Maxene K. Peacock Trust Deborah Erwin and James Pendergast Mrs. Suzette R. Peplinski

Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Perry Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Peters Frederick J. and Jane W. Pettit Ms. Julia S. Pfannenstiehl Eugene L. Pickett, P.E. Mr. Michael D. Pniewski Alton and Deborah Ray Richard Rehmus Ms. Christine M. Reynolds Aloysius Ribecky and Diane Vandonkelaar William and Ann Richardson Mr. and Mrs. William L. Rieger Miguel A. Rivera-Bisbal Charles Joseph Roarty, Jr. Michael Roarty and Elizabeth Keiser Mr. Edward F. Rowzee Brian M. Rubel Wadi and Doris Rumman Howard F. Russell, P.E. Dean and Joan Rutila Mr. and Mrs. David H. Sah Charles G. Salmon Mrs. Debbie S. Schaeffer Douglas J. and Lena Scheflow Mr. Thomas K. Schwark Robert H. Scott Dr. Charles F. Scribner G.Y. and Serafina Sebastyan Frank R. Serrapere Paul T. Sgriccia Raymond and Donna Smit Mrs. Sheryl Soderholm Siddall John and Marcia Spelman Mr. E. Daniel Stevens Carey J. Suhan Dr. and Mrs. Paul C. Sun John Charles Swartz Mr. Haruhiro Taguchi Donald C. Templin, P.E. Thadeus T. Torzynski Scott Trowbridge and Jean Holther Mr. and Mrs. Knox W. Tull Mr. David K. Uh Mr. and Mrs. Zeyn Nasut Uzman Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Van Deusen Mr. and Mrs. Paul E. VanCleve Dale E. VanLente Mr. Zephaniah Varley Mrs. Amanda L. Walk Mr. Andrew A. Walk Mr. H. Carl Walker Mr. Eric J. Way Carol and Thomas Weyand James K. Wight John Wolfe and Patricia Whitesell Richard and Dixie Woods

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Steven and Judith Wordelman Dr. and Mrs. Steven Wright Christine and Robert Wyatt Prof. and Mrs. E. Benjamin Wylie Joseph and Rosemarie Wywrot Mr. Shigeto Yamamoto Mr. Tom Yavaraski

ALUMNI EVENTSCivil and Environmental Engineering Friends Association 21st Annual Tailgate Brunch

The CEEFA Brunch was held on September 25, 2004 at O’Neal Construction, Argus Building

Snapshots

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James G. JacobiJames G. Jacobi, P.E. has been elected to the Board of

Directors of Walter P. Moore, Inc. Mr. Jacobi is a Principal and Chief Information Officer

for Houston-based Walter P. Moore and Associates, Inc., one of the leading engineering consulting firms in the nation with offices nationwide. In this position, he is responsible for the firm’s overall information technology strategy and programs. He has over 26 years of domestic and international experience in engineering design, project management and construction with a special interest in application of information technology to this field. Mr. Jacobi is a member of Walter P. Moore’s Board of Directors and is a registered professional engineer in 5 states, including professional registration in software engineering in the state of Texas.

Mr. Jacobi began his career as a structural engineer and has served in progressively more responsible engineering and management positions including Vice President & Chief Engineer for Brown & Root, one of the world’s largest engineering and construction companies, and prior to joining Walter P. Moore, as Chief Information Officer for Halliburton Company. His areas of expertise include implementation of integrated project management systems, 3D CAD engineering design systems, and deployment of wide area network and desktop computing systems. He has worked collaboratively with numerous technology providers and consultants including IBM, Compaq, Hewlett Packard, Microsoft, SAP, BST, Intergraph, Aveva, AutoDesk, Oracle, Cisco, Siebel, Accenture and others. He has written and spoken widely on a variety of subjects pertaining to technology and the engineering construction industry.

Mr. Jacobi earned both Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in Civil Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is a member of the Tau Beta Pi and Chi Epsilon engineering honor societies, has served on a number of committees including chair of University of Houston’s Industry Advisory Board on Training in Advanced Plant Design Systems, the Electronic Data Management Task Force for the Construction Industry Institute, the API committee on Load Resistance Factor Design and is an Emeritus Member of the Advisory Board for the College of Civil Engineering at Texas A&M University.

John Fiero, P.E.Boss Engineering of Howell, Michigan, is pleased to

announce the addition of Mr. John Fiero, P.E., as a Senior Project Coordinator. With over 33 years of experience, Mr. Fiero adds depth and expertise to the Boss Engineering Team. His responsibilities will include supervising the Manufactured Housing Community and Wastewater Treatment/Water System Design Services, as well as evaluating new technologies in water and waste water treatment.

Mr. Fiero joins Boss Engineering from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), where his most recent assignment was Chief of the Manufactured Housing Program. His career with MDEQ and the Michigan Department of Public Health included duties such as site evaluations, plan review, permitting, inspection, surveillance and monitoring of water and wastewater systems serving manufactured housing communities, subdivisions, site condominiums, camp grounds, and commercial developments not served by community sewers.

ALUMNI NEWS Mr. Fiero received his Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1971.

Orchard Hiltz & McCliment, Inc. (OHM), announced that Kangval Jumpawong, John Katers, and Kevin Murphy received their Professional Engineering licenses from the state of Michigan.

Kangyal JumpawongKangyal Jumpawong, a Project Engineer in OHM’s

Structures Group, has a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering degree from Rangsit University, Thailand, and a Master of Science in Civil Engineering degree from the University of Michigan. As a Project Engineer, Mr. Jumpawong is involved in the design and analysis of bridges according to MDOT and AASHTO specification for the Michigan Department of Transportation and various county agencies. He joined OHM in 2001.

John KatersJohn Katers, a Design Engineer within OHM’s

Transportation Group since 2001, holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Michigan. Mr. Katers specializes in the design of roadway and traffic projects for municipalities, counties, and the Michigan Department of Transportation. He has extensive experience in signing and pavement marking for freeways, state highways and boulevards, and is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Kevin MurphyKevin Murphy is a Project Engineer with OHM’s Central

Municipal Group. He leads projects for the company’s municipal clients, and is responsible for design drawings, on-site construction activities, quality assurance procedures and customer communication. Mr. Murphy, who joined OHM in 2004, holds a Bachelor of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering degree from the University of Michigan and is a member of the Water Environment Federation.

ALUMNI LETTERSEditor’s Note: Excepts from letters to the editor are included below.

E. Robert Baumann, Ph.D., P.E., D.E.E. I loved the Winter 2004 newsletter for our department. Sure, it brings back many memories. So, I feel that I should add some perspective to filling out some insignificant points in the long tale that is covered. Some may be interested, some you will want to skip. So, keep reading and enjoy what you will. I started as a freshman in Civil Engineering in September of 1939 just after Labor Day and only a week or so after Nazi Germany invaded Poland. My brother, John Alfred Baumann, was a senior in Chemical Engineering that Fall and we both roomed in a house two houses back of Lane Hall on E. Washington Street. We both paid, as I remember, $4.07 a week for a 20-meal ticket at the Wolverine Cooperative just across the street from Lane Hall. My father earned $30.00 a week as manager of a rose/carnation greenhouse in Rome, NY. He sent my brother and me $15.00 each week to pay our college

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bills in Ann Arbor. We both worked on NYA about 10 hours a week at $0.40/hour to help. My brother graduated in May, 1940 with a BSE in Chemical Engineering. He entered the US Army airforce and completed some 35 missions as radio operator and gunner on a B-17 from June 6 – November, 1944 when he completed the European duty. He married an Ann Arbor girl, Myra Briggs, the daughter of our 1939 digs landlord. He ultimately worked for Union Carbide and Pittsburgh Plate Glass Companies. His wife and oldest son died in 1995 and he passed away in 1999. I am enclosing two history items from 1940 – a copy of the Banquet program for the Tung Oil Banquet of the Stump Speakers Society of Sigma Rhu Tau. Note the speaker was Luren D. Dickinson, the Governor of Michigan and he was introduced by our own Mortimer E. Cooley, who joined the faculty there in 1881. I am attaching also the note Cooley wrote to the governor at the banquet … Note that the banquet lists three from Rome, NY – John A. Baumann, my brother, and his classmate Henry C. Billings as Actives, and one Edward R. Baumann as a member of the STUMP. All of us were Champion Debaters and speakers from Rome Free Academy. The Tung Oil Banquet was the group in engineering for such extra curricular events activities. I had a lot of the professors named in the history. I had my courses – note courses – in surveying under Harry Bouchard, who authored the text we used. I – my family – was broke in 1941, so I stayed out of school for the 1941-1942 school year. I worked the summer of 1941 for a 92 year old architect-engineer-surveyor in Rome, NY for $0.50 per hour until hired about September 1 as one of the first five Corps of Engineer employees on the construction of Rome Air Depot (ultimately Griffis Air Force Base) as part of a 55-man crew to supervise construction of the $11,000,000 base. I earned $1,260.00 per year. Since I was the only one who knew how to compute a traverse using the old Marchant calculators, I soon was promoted to second in charge of the 55-man group and my salary escalated to $1,440.00, to $1,620.00, to $1,800.00, to $2,000.00 – per year. We did everything needed – runways, railroads, drainage, property surveys, warehouses, sewage treatment plants, etc. We poured concrete that winter in 30-40 degrees below zero. On December 7, the base expanded to close to $60,000,000 and was the base to convert Willow Run planes to British insignia and ownership. It was a marvelous learning experience. I tried enlisting in the army/navy, but eyesight kept me out. Since I could not progress in CE without my degree, I returned to Ann Arbor in November 1942 and went to school almost continuously until graduation on February 19, 1944. We went to class New Year’s Day. I had a job splitting a shift at the Railroad Station for railway express with a friend, and we held one job and were paid $0.99 per hour. Yes, we picked up student laundry cases and shipped them out RR express for mommies to do the laundry. I had A.H. White for Engineering Materials, and I still have his autographed FIRST edition of that book. E.F. Brater was an Instructor and taught us Hydrology. I remember having Professors Alt, Decker, Maugh, and Housel. By the end of 1943, there were so few of us civilians that it was difficult to arrange classes. In fact, Professor Decker taught the seniors the capstone course concerning the design of an Imhoff Tank. (I’ll never forget the last day when he cried as he told us to always make time for our kids – because he was so involved with CE that he did not even know his kids. He really hated to say goodbye to us with the war and the small class heading into the unknown.) My years in Ann Arbor were

busy, active, lonely, and frightening with all my classmates getting called up, etc. However, I always have loved Michigan and the fact that designing the concrete Imhoff tank made me realized that my interest was NOT the structure but its purpose. So, I resolved to become a sanitary engineer if I survived the war. My first job was as a structural engineer and steel analyst for Grumman Aircraft Engineering Company working on the F-6, F-7, and F-8 navy fighters. My father died from postponing surgery until he had safely seen me through school. My brother called on June 5, 1944 to tell me his B-17 was on the way across the Atlantic and the next day the invasion started. I resigned at Grumman and enlisted with a waver in the US Army. After basic in Georgia, I was sent to the University of Illinois to an ASTP program to prepare for the Medical Service Corps OCS as a sanitary engineer. The war in Europe ended as I finished at Illinois. OCS was cancelled and our group was sent to the Engineer Corps OCS. Bounced again from combat for eyesight, I went to Usit Blenheim as a spare parts man aboard the Corps warehouse for the invasion of Japan itself. We ended up in the occupation army in Japan. I was awarded a BS in sanitary engineering in May 1944 and returned there for a MS/PhD in the same field in 1947/1954. I became a Tenured Associate Professor at Iowa State University in 1953, even though I did not finish my doctorate until January 1954. I spent part of a year in law school before continuing to the doctorate. I became a professor there in 1956, an Anson Marston Distinguished Professor of Engineering in 1969, and Emeritus AM Distinguished Professor in 1991. Why this long letter with a bunch of history? In looking at a similar history of Iowa State, I found that:

1. The first woman to graduate in the USA in Civil Engineering was Elmina T. Wilson who completed the BS degree in 1892. She remained on the faculty as a graduate assistant in structural engineering from 1893-1898, and as an Assistant Professor from 1898-1904. She was the only faculty member with Anson Marston from 1893-1904. She left ISU in 1904 to work in New York for the firm of Jas E. Brooks until 1907 when she joined Prudy and Henderson to work with the first woman from the University of Michigan, Marian Sarah Parker. Together, they worked on the design of the Flatiron building in Times Square. …

Incidentally, the University of Michigan changed my name from what I had always been know – Robert Baumann – to Edward R. Baumann based on my birth certificate wrongly recorded by the birth physician. Hence, I ever after became E. Robert Baumann, as I have been known for the last 65 years since I started as a freshman there.

Yolanda Montesinos (de Parra)ymdep7@cantv.net In 1958, two years after I received my B.S. degree in Civil Engineering, I left my country, Venezuela, for the first time, to pursue graduate studies in Public Health Engineering at the University of Michigan. I had the privilege to receive classes from Professors Boyce, Borchardt and Brater. I was the only girl in Professor Brater’s courses, but in the others I had an excellent girl classmate in Patricia Fuehrer (today Rhodes), whom I consider my friend to this day. Patricia and I were back in Ann Arbor in 1960 and 1968, respectively, since our husbands went there for their Master’s degrees.

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I have kept in contact with the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at UofM throughout the years. Professor Boyce was in Venezuela as a Consultant when the Sanitary Engineering Studies were being formally established there and I had the honor of being part of the group that was working with him. Also, Professor Brater visited Venezuela several times when the Venezuelan National Laboratory of Hydraulics was being created. In 1996, my youngest son went to Ann Arbor to pursue graduate studies in Structural Engineering. He received his Ph.D. degree in Civil Engineering in May 2000. He is Gustavo Parra-Montesinos, Assistant Professor in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at UofM. After my son moved to Ann Arbor, I had the opportunity to visit Mary Markley Hall, which was my residence in 1958. I was part of the first group of 1200 women who moved to Mary Markley after its opening that year. Forty four years later, my granddaughter, Nicole, was born across the street in the UofM Mott Children’s Hospital. Sometime ago, after Reta Teachout’s 50th anniversary in the CEE department, my son asked me if I had some pictures of the West Engineering Building during my student years to show them to her. I found two, one of them taken in 1959 after one of Professor Boyce’s lectures (shown below). This picture was very well preserved despite its old age. I do not remember who took the picture and would be more than happy if all fourteen people in the picture could be identified, as well as the photographer.

Picture of 1959 students of Civil Engineering, U of M.Simón Arocha, by the door;Wayne Echelberger, standing, with glasses, in shirt;Gerald Hanson, sitting, in a dark suit:Mike Bittner, sitting, in a light suit, back row on left;H. Carl Walker, sitting, light suit;Charles Richard O’Melia, sitting, with glasses, brown suit;Eugene A. Glysson, sitting, gray suit, bow tie;Yolanda Montesinos (today de Parra);Patricia Fuehrer (today Rhodes), next to Yolanda;Mario D. Zabat, you can see only his back;Woodrow Smitter. standing with glasses, brown suit.

2005 CEEFA DUES FORM

Name:_______________________________________________Address:______________________________________________Phone:_______________________________________________E-Mail:_______________________________________________ Please send this completed form with your $20.00 check or money order payable to CEEFA to:

CEEFA, Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Michigan2340 GG Brown BuildingAnn Arbor, MI 48109-2125

Thank you for your support!

Paul Gogulski, P.E.Gogulski & Associates, Inc. www.construction-expert.com A few photos of Camp Davis are attached for anyone interested. I made the trip over Labor Day. No one was there on that Saturday afternoon. To my amazement, Camp Davis has not changed much in 50 years, except we had no wood burning stoves to warm our toes.

Figure 1: See the Beaver on the hill in the background? (He hasn’t moved an inch in 50 years)

Figure 2 Kate (wife) and Sasha (dog) by same uninsulated tin shacks ... [from] 50 years ago...

OBITUARIESMr. Bernard F. Foster, BSECE 1936, passed away August 3, 2004.Mr. Thomas Lee Hiatt, BSECE 1950, passed away September 23, 2004.Mr. Walter T. Holmes, BSECE 1944, passed away October 7, 2004.Mr. Raymond Kent Rowley, BSECE 1957, passed away November 13, 2004.Mr. Warren E. Yaap, BSECE 1948, passed away December 17, 2003.

30 Fall 2004

CEE Newsletter

CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING FRIENDS ASSOCIATION

SPRING MEETING AND TECHNICAL SESSION

GM CONFERENCE ROOM

LURIE ENGINEERING CENTER (LEC), NORTH CAMPUS

FRIDAY, APRIL 8, 2005

FRONTIERS IN CONSTRUCTION: THE U OF M AND BEYOND

1:00 - 1:30 Registration (GM Conference Room, LEC)

1:30 - 1:50 Annual Business Meeting (GM Conference Room, LEC) (Charles Roarty)

1:50 - 2:10 State of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (Nik Katopodes)

2:10 - 2:50 Campus Planning and Construction ( Sue Gott – University Planner, and Marina Roelofs – Director Plant Extension)

2:50 - 3:30 Construction of Football Stadium Addition (Joseph O’Neal – O’Neal Construction)

3:30 – 3:45 Refreshment Break (GM Conference Room, LEC)

3:45-4:25

Applications of Technology Utilization in the Field and in the Jobsite Office at Newly Completed $227M William Beaumont Hospital South Addition (Jennifer Macks – Project Manager, Barton Malow)

4:25-5:15

What We See Is What We Get: Applications of Interactive Virtual and Augmented Reality in Construction Engineering (Vineet Kamat, Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan)

5:15 - 6:15 Reception (Masco Commons, LEC)

Detach and Mail

-�Please indicate the events you plan to attend and return this section with your check by March 18, 2005. Feel free to call Kimberly Bonner at 734-764-0495 or send e-mail to kabonner@umich.edu for reservations prior to mailing your registration form. You may also fax your reservation to 734-764-4292.

Quantity Amount 2005 CEEFA Dues @ $20.00 =$______

Technical Session Registration (Includes Reception) @ $30.00 =$______

TOTAL ENCLOSED =$______

Names of all attendees (for name tags):

Address:

E-mail:

Phone:

Do you need a parking permit? ___Yes ___No (If Yes, please pick up your permit in the lobby of LEC upon arrival.)

Make check payable to: CEEFA . Send to: CEEFA, 2340 G.G. Brown Bldg., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125

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Civil and Environmental Engineering Friends Association Ballot

The CEEFA Board presents the following candidates for President, Vice President, Secretary/Treasurer, and Director on the CEEFA Board. The named candidates are recommendations of the nominating committee. Please check either the nominated candidates or write in an alternative candidate. Only dues-paying members are permitted to vote. Deadline: April 4, 2005.

BALLOT

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

POSITION NOMINEE YOUR VOTE

President Garabed Hoplamazian _________(2-year term)

Write in: _______________________ _________

Vice President Wally Alix _________(2-year term)

Write in: _______________________ _________

Secretary/Treasurer Gary Evans _________(2-year term)

Write in: _______________________ _________

Director Tom Newhof _________(1-year term ending 2005)

Write in: _______________________ _________

Director Jennifer Macks _________(3-year term ending 2007)

Write in: _______________________ _________

Please return this ballot to Kimberly Bonner, CEEFA, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2340 G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125. You may fax your ballot to CEEFA at (734) 764-4292.

PLEASE STAY IN TOUCH

Let us know where you are and what you are doing.

Name Degree Class Year Employer Title Office Address Email Address Your Alumni News Drop us a line by mail, fax (734) 764-4292, or e-mail at kabonner@umich.edu. Send your new address to Engin.Alumni.Relations@umich.edu

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President: Charles Roarty Send news and comments to:Vice President: Laurel Kendall University of MichiganSecretary/Treasurer: Gary Evans Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Chair: Nikolaos Katopodes NewsletterDirectors: Garabed Hoplamazian (2004) 2340 G.G. Brown Building Wally Alix (2005) Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 Kevin Hoppe (2006)

The Newsletter is prepared for former studentsThe Regents of the University: and friends of the CEE Department. Credits:David A. Brandon, Laurence B. Deitch, University of Michigan, Proceedings of the Olivia P. Maynard, Rebecca McGowan, Board of Regents (1837-2000); College of Andrea Fischer Newman, Andrew C. Richner, Engineering; Printing-U Litho; Editors,S. Martin Taylor, Katherine E. White, Kimberly Bonner and Janet LineerMary Sue Coleman, ex officio

Front Cover: The cover photo shows the Mihara Bridge newly constructed in Hokkaido, Japan The opinions expressed in this newsletter are not http://nissei-kensetsu.co.jp/bihara.html. This necessarily the opinions of the CEE Newsletter, its cable-stayed bridge, expected to open to traffic in May, staff, the Department of Civil and Environmental 2005, has a thin composite ECC/steel deck. The tensile Engineering or the University of Michigan College ductility and tight crack width control of ECC are features of Engineering. that contribute to a 40% reduction in weight and an expected service life of 100 years. ECC technology was developed by Professor Victor Li’s group in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan. The University currently holds four US patents on this technology.

The University of Michigan, as an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, complies with all applicable federal and state laws regarding nondiscrimination and affirmative action, including Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The University of Michigan is committed to a policy of nondiscrimination and equal opportunity for all persons regardless of race, sex, color, religion, creed, national origin or ancestry, age, marital status, sexual orientation, disability, or Vietnam-era veteran status in employment, educational programs and activities, and admissions. Inquiries or complaints may be addressed to the Senior Director for Institutional Equity and Title IX/Section 504 Coordinator, Office for Institutional Equity, 2072 Administrative Services Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1432. (734) 763-0235; TTY (734) 647-1388. For other University of Michigan information call: (734) 764-1817.

Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Michigan2340 GG Brown BuildingAnn Arbor, MI 48109-2125

NONPROFIT ORGU.S. POSTAGE

PAIDANN ARBOR, MIPERMIT NO 144