city to city exchange between cebu city and kitakyushu city

2015

CCAC MSWI - City to City Exchange between Cebu City and Kitakyushu City CITY EXCHANGE REPORT

This report gives an overview of the five-day city exchange programme between Cebu and Kitakyushu during 15-20 November 2015 and summarises the key learning materials, discussions and findings. It was prepared by Simon Gilby, D.G.J.Premakumara, and Shino Horizono of the Kitakyushu Urban Centre (KUC). The authors would like to thank all the participants from the Philippines for their active participation. Special thanks also go to Kitakyushu City Officials for their kind assistance in organising the city exchange programme, lectures and site visits. Last but not least, the authors would like to thank the CCAC-MSWI for providing financial assistance to make this city exchange a reality.

Copyright Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), All rights reserved.

Disclaimer: Although every efforts is made to ensure objectivity and balance; the publication of research results or translation does not imply IGES endorsement or acquiescence with its conclusions.

Printed in Kitakyushu, Japan

City to City Exchange between Cebu City and Kitakyushu City 15th 20th November 2015

Table of Contents Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 5

Concept Note and Schedule ................................................................................................................... 7

Proceedings .......................................................................................................................................... 11

Monday 16th November ....................................................................................................................... 11

Welcoming Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 11

Opening Remarks ............................................................................................................................. 11

Lecture: Waste Management of Kitakyushu (I: Municipal Waste) ................................................... 11

Lecture: Waste Management of Kitakyushu (II: Industrial Waste) .................................................. 11

Site Visit: Kitakyushu Eco-Town ........................................................................................................ 12

Tuesday 17th November ....................................................................................................................... 16

Lecture: Takakura Composting ......................................................................................................... 16

Site Visit: Hiagari Sewage Treatment Plant and Hiagari Sludge Palletization Center ....................... 16

Lecture: Eco-Town Concept in Kitakyushu ....................................................................................... 16

Site Visit: Meeting with Nippon Magnetic Dressing (NDM) .............................................................. 17

Official Meeting with the Hon. Mayor of Kitakyushu ....................................................................... 17

Wednesday 18th November ................................................................................................................. 20

Site Visit: Observation of Garbage Collection Sites .......................................................................... 20

Site Visit: Kitakyushu Environment Museum .................................................................................... 20

Site Visit: Nishihara Corporation ....................................................................................................... 20

Site Visit: Shin-Moji Incineration Plant ............................................................................................. 21

Thursday 19th November ...................................................................................................................... 24

Site Visit: Eastern (Fushitani) Landfill Site ......................................................................................... 24

Wrap Up Meeting and Discussion ..................................................................................................... 24

Closing Ceremony ............................................................................................................................. 24

Annex Presentations and Documents Supplied ............................................................................... 29

Waste Management in Kitakyushu City ........................................................................................... 31

Waste Management Administration in the City of Kitakyushu ....................................................... 44

Outline of Fluorescent Tube Recycling Process ................................................................................ 49

Introduction of Food Waste Recycling from Business Activities in Kitakyushu City ........................ 53

About Takakura Method An Organic Waste Composting Technique ........................................... 56

Composting for Waste Reduction Information Kit ........................................................................... 65

The Concept of Eco-Town ................................................................................................................ 95

Technology Transfer of Recycling Business to Developing Countries ............................................ 104

Visitor Centre Hiagari Purification Center Administration Building ................................................ 106

Kitakyushu Environmental Museum ............................................................................................... 110

Welcome to Nishihara..................................................................................................................... 112

Refuse Treatment at City of Kitakyushu .......................................................................................... 117

The Fukuoka Method What is the Semi-Aerobic Landfill? ........................................................... 123

Tobu Landfill Outline ...................................................................................................................... 143

Summary The Climate and Clean Air Coalition Municipal Solid Waste Initiative (CCAC-MSWI) aims to assist cities in improving their municipal solid waste management systems to reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) such as methane (produced by the decomposition of organic matter in landfills) and black carbon (produced by open burning of waste). This is accomplished through a multi-step process. Cities initially undergo a rapid city assessment supplying baseline data on the current solid waste management situation in the city. This then leads to the creation of an action plan illustrating the gaps found and suggesting ways forward. Following this, cities undertake the creation of a work plan which builds on the action plan and details the work required to improve the efficiency of solid waste management and reduce short lived climate pollutants. In parallel to this, recipient cities have the opportunity to undertake city exchanges with mentor cities to deepen their knowledge and have first-hand experience of effectively run solid waste management.

Cebu City is the second largest growth centre in the Philippines with a population of one million. It is the main domestic shipping port of the Philippines as well as being a centre of trade and commerce in Visayas. The city has been growing rapidly in recent years leading to significant issues with its solid waste management. The city has had some success in implementing community level activities such as segregation at source and trash to cash (recyclable waste is converted into products such as lampshades, handbags and so on then sold) but is yet to manage to implement city-wide activities. In addition to this, the city lacks a sustainable final disposal facility. The current landfill was originally constructed in 1998 with the assistance of JICA, but was designed with the use of an incinerator which was subsequently banned under the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 of the Philippines (also known as Republic Act 9003 or RA 9003). The city has had difficulties in using the landfill properly since. It became a controlled dumpsite prior to its closure due to a fire in 2012. Solid waste is now transported to an alternative site in a neighbouring city at considerable expense. Facing these issues, Cebu City has been reaching out for international assistance and joined CCAC MSWI as it saw the opportunity to improve its solid waste management.

Kitakyushu City is well known in Japan for being the birthplace of the industrialisation of the country through the establishment of the nations first steel works in 1901. Following this, the city was one of the industrial powerhouses of Japan throughout the twentieth century. However, rapid economic growth, particularly during the post-war period, meant that the city became equally famous for its severe pollution problems. Following grassroots movements by the local citizenry, and in collaboration with the local government and the private sector, Kitakyushu City overcame the pollution and became famous as an environmentally friendly city within Japan. Starting in the 1980s, Kitakyushu City turned its attention to assisting other Asian cities across the continent in improving their environmental management. As a part of these efforts, Kitakyushu City has been working with Cebu City for a number of years, mainly focusing on solid waste management issues. The city was therefore pleased to join CCAC MSWI as a mentor city and support the coalition in its vital work.

In line with the above, the City to City Exchange between Cebu City and Kitakyushu City took place between the 15th and 20th November 2015 in Kitakyushu City, Japan with 9 participants. The purpose of the city exchange was to deepen the knowledge of Cebu City regarding municipal solid waste management in order to inform their work plan under the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) Municipal Solid Waste Initiative (MSWI) which in turn will be integrated into the citys Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan mandated under RA 9003. The visit was also an opportunity to further deepen the ties between Kitakyushu City and Cebu City which have been increasing in recent years

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due to the on-going collaboration between the cities in environmental projects, particularly solid waste management projects.

Under the work plan component of CCAC MSWI, Cebu City aims to plan and implement strategic actions to reduce Short-Lived Carbon Pollutants (SLCP) from Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) by introducing waste separation at source and collection, the promotion of composting for organic waste recycling, landfill improvement and building partnerships with citizen and the private sector for implementing an integrated solid waste management system. Aiming to help Cebu City in developing a practical work plan and implement the above activities effectively in two model barangays (Barangay Kalunasan and Barangay Talamban), the city exchange was organised to share experience, lessons learnt and technical assistance between Cebu City and Kitakyushu City. The experience of Kitakyushu City, a leading environmental model cities in Japan, in modernising its MSWM and environmental conditions through building partnership with public, private and civil society sectors provided valuable lessons and technical inputs for Cebu City to achieve its targets. The exchange encompassed all aspects of the waste pipe: waste segregation and collection; recycling (from plastic bottles to household appliances and vehicles); composting; final disposal (both waste-to-energy and sanitary landfill); and also environmental education. In order to effectively take advantage of the Seminar for Eco-Town Managers which has been running since 2008 in Kitakyushu City, the study visit used the UNIDO seminar as a base whilst also adding in additional site visits as appropriate to meet the particular aims of CCAC MSWI within the Philippine context. This enabled the study visit to achieve cost savings, enabling more Philippine participants to attend.

On the last day of the programme the study tour group gathered together with IGES staff to discuss what they had learned on the study tour and how they planned to implement lessons learned in practical activities.

Following the city to city exchange, the two barangays will commence work with the support of the local government and IGES in implementing the proposed activities. Work will take place during 2016, with IGES regularly visiting to provide further advice and guidance. IGES will also work with the national government of the Philippines, through the Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DENR) in order to increase awareness of the work of CCAC and integrate SLCP plans into MSWI nationwide.

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Concept Note and Schedule Development of Work Plan for Reducing the Short-Lived Carbon Pollutants from Municipal Solid Waste Management in Cebu City, Philippines

Objective Cebu City, one of the fast growing cities in the Philippines, has been involved in the planning and implementation of strategic actions to reduce Short-Lived Carbon Pollutants (SLCP) from Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) by introducing waste separation at source and collection, the promotion of composting for organic waste recycling, landfill improvement and building partnerships with citizen and the private sector for implementing an integrated solid waste management system under the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) Municipal Solid Waste Initiative (MSWI). Aiming to help Cebu City in developing a practical work plan and implement the above activities effectively in two model barangays (Barangay Kalunasan and Barangay Talamban), a city exchange will be organised to share experience, lessons learnt and technical assistance between Cebu City and Kitakyushu City. The experience of Kitakyushu City, a leading environmental model cities in Japan, in modernising its MSWM and environmental conditions through building partnership with public, private and civil society sectors can provide valuable lessons and technical inputs for Cebu City to achieve its targets.

Participants The exchange visit aims to invite participants from Cebu City including the representatives from senior policy makers, members of the Cebu City Solid Waste Management Board (CCSWMB), and model barangays. In addition, two senior officials of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Manila will also be invited to join the team due to their role as the national focal point of the CCAC-MSWI in the Philippines.

Cebu City Government Sponsored Participants

Ms. Nida C. Cabrera, Councillor, Chair of Environmental Committee Mr. Arlie Gesta, Office In-charge (OIC), Cebu City Environment and Natural Resource Officer

(CCENRO) and member of the CCSWMB Ms. Marie Jean F. Guinto, Barangay Councillor, Chair of Barangay Solid Waste Management

Board, Barangay Kalunasan Mr. Ramil Villena Ayuman, Barangay Captain, Chair of Barangay Solid Waste Management

Board, Barangay Apas Self-funded participants

Mr. Nunilon JR. Sincero Monares, Barangay Captain, chair of Barangay Solid Waste Management Board, Barangay Kalunasan

Mr. Carlitos Evangelista Ceniza, Barangay Councillor, Barangay Kalunasan Mr. Marvin Goliat Leyson, Barangay Councillor, Barangay Kalunasan

Department of Environment and Natural Resources Sponsored Participants

Mr. Albert Altarejos Magalang, Head, Climate Change Office, Environmental Management Bureau (EMB)

Ms. Raquel Smith C. Ortega, Officer In-charge (OIC), Monitoring and Validation Section and Coordinator of Environmental Sustainable Cities (ESC), EMB

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Outcomes of the Seminar The city exchange visit proposes three outcomes to be discussed:

Acquire an understanding of Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) System for modernization of MSWM based on the experience of Kitakyushu City, Japan covering the policy development, legal aspects and technical implementation.

Learn the key factors and guiding principles to favour building technical capacity for introduction and transfer of best practices and technologies to Cebu City.

Discuss and propose a plan for implementation of a model barangay to enable develop a city-wide work plan and strategy to reduce the SLCP through MSWM in Cebu City through the technical support of experts from Kitakyushu City.

A planning document will be produced as a final report of the seminar that will highlight the consensus reached for the way forward on the above outcomes.

Programme The city exchange will be held during the period of 15 (Sun) 20 (Fri) November 2015 in Kitakyushu, Japan. This schedule is subject to change.

Date Time Item 11/14 (Sat.) 11/15 (Sun.)

Manila: KE 624 23:45 Manila 04:20 Incheon Manila & Cebu: KE787

08:00 Incheon 09:20 Fukuoka Meet with IGES staff at Fukuoka Airport Transport by Limousine Bus to Kokura Station Arrive in Kokura Station & Hotel Check-In HOTELStation Hotel Kokura Address: 1-1-1 Asano, Kokurakita, Kitakyushu, JAPAN TEL: +81-93-541-7111 WEB: http://www.station-hotel.com/foreign/english.html

11/16

(Mon.)

09:00 Meet at 3F of Station Hotel / Kokura Bay Hotel Lobby & walk to AIM Bld. 09:30-10:00 Opening and orientation

MC: Mr. Nishida, UNIDO Welcome address: Mr. Kobayashi Kazuhiko, Chief Executive, Environment

Bureau, Kitakyushu city Opening remarks: UNIDO officer AIM 3F room 314

10:00-11:00 Lecture: Waste management of Kitakyushu (I: Municipal Waste) Lecture by Mr. Shinsuke Takeuchi, Kitakyushu Asian Centre for Low

Carbon Society, Kitakyushu City AIM 3F room 314

11:00-12:00 Lecture: Waste management of Kitakyushu (: Industrial Waste) Lecture by the Office for Industrial Waste Management, Kitakyushu City AIM 3F room 314

Cebu: KE632 00:45 Cebu 06:10 Incheon

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Date Time Item 12:00-12:45

12:45

Lunch (Free Time) Departure for Site Visit

13:15-17:15 Kitakyushu Eco-town and company visit Eco-town center Automotive recycling (Nishinihon Auto Recycle) Electric home appliances recycling (Nishinihon Kaden Recycle) Fluorescent tube recycling (J-relights) Compost (Merrys : briefing only)

18:30-20:30 Reception

11/17 Tue.

08:15 Meet at Station Hotel lobby (1F)

09:00-12:00 Practical lecture on Takakura Composting Mr. Kouji Takakura and Ms. Yaoya Sayaka, JPec Co., Ltd., Wakamatsu

Environment Research Institute Jpec Wakamatsu Technical Office

12:00-13:00 Lunch & Departure for Site Visit

13:00-14:00 Bus tour to Hiagari sewage treating plant: Observation of sewage treating

14:00-15:00 Bus tour to Hiagari sludge palletization center: Observation of RDF production

15:30-16:30 Lecture: Eco Town Concept in Kitakyushu Lecture by Mr. Meiji Sato, Environmental Solution Department, Nippon

Steel & Sumikin Technology Co. Ltd. [AIM 3F 314]

16:30-17:00 Official meeting between Hon. Mayor of Kitakyushu and Hon. Vice Mayor of Cebu

11/18 Wed.

08:00 Meet at 3F of Station Hotel / Kokura Bay Hotel Lobby 08:15 Departure for Site Visit 09:00-10:00 Bus tour to observe garbage collection sites in Yahata ward 10:15-11:15 Kitakyushu Environment Museum

Lecture by Satoshi Nakazono, Director of the Museum, Kitakyushu City Kitakyushu Environment Museum

11:15-12:30 Lunch & move to Nishihara Corp.

13:00-14:30 Cans and PET bottles recycling

Observation of the recycling plant of Nishihara Corp. 15:00-17:00 Bus tour to Shin-moji incineration plant: Incineration

17:30 Return to Hotel

11/19 Thu.

08:30 Meet at Station Hotel lobby (1F)

10:00-11:00 Bus Tour to Eastern (Fushitani) Landfill Site (Final Disposal Site)

Study the semi-aerobic landfill method and landfill closure plan of Fukuoka City (Fukuoka Method)

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Date Time Item 11:00 Move to Mojiko Retro

12:15 Lunch (Free Time)

13:20 Return to Kitakyushu

14:00-16:20

Wrap Up Meeting and Discussion

Lessons learned and how to develop the work plans for Cebu City International Village Centre 1F Room #4

16:30-17:00 Closing Ceremony with the Executive Director of International Environmental Strategies Department, Environmental Bureau, Mr. Yuji Aoyagi

International Village Centre 1F Room #4

11/20 (Fri.)

06:20 06:38 08:19

Manila & Cebu: Hotel Check-Out

Limousine Bus to Fukuoka Airport

Arrive at International Terminal of Fukuoka Airport

KE788 10:30 Fukuoka

12:00 Incheon

Manila: KE623 19:10 Incheon

22:15 Manila

Cebu: KE631 19:40 Incheon 23:15 Cebu

Organisers Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)

o Dr. D.G.J. Premakumara, Senior Researcher/Task Manager ([email protected])

o Mr. Simon Gilby, Researcher ([email protected]) o Ms. Shino Horizono, Research Assistant ([email protected])

Asian Center for Low Carbon Society, Kitakyushu City

o Mr. Junichi Sono, Director ([email protected])

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

Proceedings Monday 16th November Welcoming Remarks The study visit officially commenced with opening remarks by Mr. Kazuhiko Kobayashi, Chief Executive, Environment Bureau, Kitakyushu City. Mr. Kobayashi warmly welcomed the participants of the city exchange programme together with the participants of the Seminar for Eco-Town Managers, another training programme in Kitakyushu City being run at the same time and in conjunction with the city exchange. Mr. Kobayashi observed that the history of Kitakyushu City is a rich source of knowledge for the rapidly industrialising cities of Asia and demonstrates the benefits of low carbon green growth. Further cooperation with Asian cities is desired as Kitakyushu City looks to implement a green growth strategy in line with the outputs from its membership of the OECD Green Growth programme alongside Paris, Chicago and Stockholm.

Opening Remarks Representatives from UNIDO then gave further introductory remarks. UNIDO also warmly welcomed all of the participants to Kitakyushu and thanked them for their attendance. This is the final year of the second phase of the Memorandum of Understanding which was signed between Kitakyushu City and UNIDO. UNIDO was pleased to announce that there are on-going discussions for a third phase of the programme and both sides are optimistic for an agreement to continue the programme. The Seminar for Eco-Town Managers is an important output of the programme and UNIDO thanks Kitakyushu City for their continued support. The purpose of UNIDO is to promote inclusive sustainable development and Kitakyushu City is an excellent example of this. The seminar therefore promotes the mandate of UNIDO as well as deepening the relationship between UNIDO and Kitakyushu City. UNIDO is particularly pleased that the seminar can be integrated into the study tour being conducted under the CCAC MSWI programme due to the common aim of sustainable waste management and warmly welcomed the participants once again.

Lecture: Waste Management of Kitakyushu (I: Municipal Waste) Waste Management in Kitakyushu City was presented by Mr. Shinsuke Takeuchi, International Environmental Strategies Division, Environment Bureau, Kitakyushu City. The waste management stream in Kitakyushu City comprises household waste, business waste, municipal sewage sludge and waste from 3 small neighbouring cities. The vast majority of the waste is incinerated and then disposed in a landfill. There is no organic waste landfill. The remaining waste is recycled. Business waste is handled by the private sector, with the local government being responsible for other waste streams.

Domestic waste is segregated at source with the city arranging collection on different days for different types of waste which are placed into different coloured plastic bags. The local government encourages waste segregation through supplying waste bags for recyclables at a cheaper price. Waste not correctly segregated is not collected. Cans and bottles are recycled at two centres within the city which employ mental handicapped workers as a form of welfare. Paper recycling is undertaken through community activity which is subsidised by the local government. The full presentation can be found in the annex.

Lecture: Waste Management of Kitakyushu (II: Industrial Waste) Waste Management Administration in the City of Kitakyushu was presented by Mr. Daisuke Watanabe, Office for Industrial Waste Management, Control and Inspection Department, Environment Bureau, Kitakyushu City. Kitakyushu was previously notorious within Japan for the

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pollution caused by its heavy industry but through substantial efforts has managed to successfully transfer to clean industry and overcome its pollution problems. Industrial waste is generated from each step of manufacturing, processing products and treating exhaust gas and wastewater. It is necessary to reconsider the raw materials used, and the process, machines and equipment in order to reduce the amount of industrial waste. Currently in Kitakyushu City the majority of the emissions are caused by sludge whereas in terms of generation slag and sludge combine to be the majority of waste generated. Large amounts of industrial waste can be recycled. Nevertheless, illegal dumping remains an issue in Kitakyushu, nevertheless through rigorous enforcement the number of discovered incidents has halved since the peak in 2004.

Under Japanese law there are 20 different types of industrial waste categorised. Responsibility for disposal lies with the business that discharges the waste, with specific technologies often needed to dispose of the waste safely. Generally speaking, flowing generation or emission, the waste is treated in an intermediary treatment stage prior to final disposal or re-utilisation. This process is effectively monitored through a clear legal framework and licensing. Punishments for violation are severe and businesses are subject to inspection at any time. The city also conducts regular patrols to uncover illegal dumping. The full presentation can be found in the annex.

Site Visit: Kitakyushu Eco-Town Eco-town Center On arrival the participants were given a brief overview of the Eco-Town. The Eco-Town was established in 1997 and functions as an eco-industrial park. Local businesses focused on environmentally practices are able to work together effectively through finding efficiencies (i.e. one companys outputs are anothers inputs). Research is also supported in order to further improve technology and identify market gaps.

Automotive recycling (West Japan Auto Recycle Co., Ltd. (WARC)) Participants were given a guided tour of the factory with the guide giving the following information during the tour. West Japan Auto Recycle Co., Ltd (WARC) started business in January 2000. It currently has 24 employees and has grown from a capacity of 1,000 cars/month initially to a maximum capacity now of 3,000 cars/month. The company aims to maximise material recycling through the optimum collection and re-use of parts and recycling of metal, plastic and glass parts. It also protects environments through proper dismantling and careful removal of hazardous items. The company further avoids the use of shredders. The company is also a store of second hand parts of a variety of ages and makes (predominantly Japanese, but also with some foreign makes). Participants were guided through the warehouse floor, where they were able to witness the step by step dismantling. Parts are removed from the cars step by step until finally the leftover shell is crushed as scrap metal.

Electric home appliances recycling (Nishinihon Kaden Recycle) Nishinihon Kaden Recycle (NKRC) started operations at the Eco-Town in April 2000. The business specialises in recycling four types of home appliances: TV sets, washing machines, air conditioners and refrigerators/freezers. The plant currently is able to processes 180 tonnes per day, which equates to approximately 1 million TV sets per year. The technology within the company is advanced, with a dedicated processing line for each of the four types of household appliances. The plant combines advanced tools with manual dismantling alongside IT run real time production control systems. The plant also has unique CFC plasma decomposition equipment which makes CFC harmless through decomposition at 10,000c. The materials recovered are used in a variety of ways from automobiles and construction back to use as home appliances. The participants undertook a tour of the facilities with guides.

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Fluorescent tube recycling (J-Relights) Outline of Fluorescent Tube Recycling Process was presented by J. Relights. J. Relights was started in May, 2000 and is a used fluorescent tube and dry cell recycling business, recycling 18.3 tonnes and 5.6 tonnes per day respectively. The company serves a variety of customers from local government, corporations, small to medium sized companies, homes and schools. Their market area is not just Kitakyushu City, but covers much of Kyushu and parts of western Japan. The recycling process for fluorescent tubes is complex with immense care being needed at each stage. Due to the dangers of the poisonous materials in the tubes, tubes need to be carefully washed and separated, with a ventilation system also installed. Broken tubes cannot be recycled. Five types of recycled raw materials are produced glass cullet, aluminium, steel, phosphors, mercury. New fluorescent tubes are now being produced and have been certified as eco-premium products in Kitakyushu City. J. Relights is also involved in rare earth recycling. The full presentation can be found in the annex.

Composting (Merry Corporation) Introduction of Food Waste Recycling from Business Activities in Kitakyushu City was presented by Merry Corporation. Japan currently has a food self-sufficiency rate of 39% with low rates of food waste recycling, particularly domestic food waste. Under recent initiatives, the Government of Japan is aiming promote food recycling in an integrated manner in order to improve the self-sufficiency rate. Merry Corporation has therefore established its composting facilities and business with these aims in mind. Its composting technique comprises three stages reduction then fermentation at 60c and 40c with the total time being 2 months. Composting reduces the volume of waste by 96% with 365 tonnes/year being received leading to a final production of 10 tonnes/year. The company has also contributed to the creation of recycling loops. For example, Merry Corporation has supported the composting of food waste from restaurants being used as fertiliser for crops which are then consumed in the same restaurants. The company has further been involved in local environmental education in schools and hopes to see the further expansion of its business model. The full presentation can be found in the annex.

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16 November, 2015

DAY 1 2

3 4

5

6 7 8

1, 2: Lecture: Waste management of Kitakyushu

Kitakyushu Eco-town 3: Electric home appliances

recycling (Nishinihon Kaden Recycle)

4: Automotive recycling (Nishinihon Auto Recycle)

5, 6, 7, 8: Fluorescent tube recycling (J-relights)

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16 November, 2015

DAY 1 1 2

3

4

5

6

Kitakyushu Eco-town 1, 2: Compost (Merrys)

3, 4, 5, 6: Reception

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Tuesday 17th November Lecture: Takakura Composting About Takakura Method An Organic Waste Composting Technique was presented by Ms. Sakaya Yaoya, JPec Co., Ltd., Wakamatsu Environment Research Institute. Takakura Composting is a simple and effective aerobic method for managing organic waste, especially in developing countries where a majority of the waste is frequently organic. It is a flexible technique based on using microbes, base materials and containers which are readily available in any context. It is aerobic as aerobic methods are easier to control with less risk of failure than anaerobic methods.

There are three different types of microorganism used at the different stages of composting bacteria, mould and fungi (found in fermented foods); actinomycetes (found in leaf soil); basidiomycetes (found in mushrooms). Fermentative microorganisms should be cultivated in a sugar water solution, whereas microorganisms found in fruits and vegetables should be cultivated in a salt water solution. This solution should be mixed well with the base material used for composting. Water content should be between 40 60%. Too little water will lead to slow decomposition, whereas too much will lead to odours being produced. The full presentation can be found in the annex.

Ms. Yaoya then gave the group a hands on demonstration for the creation of the two types of water solution, searching for and finding appropriate fungi in the natural surroundings as well as how to create base material and properly look after it. Ms. Yaoya is planning to travel to Cebu City during early 2016 and will be able to give hands on advice in person.

Site Visit: Hiagari Sewage Treatment Plant and Hiagari Sludge Palletization Center Hiagari Sewage Treatment Plant and Sludge Palletization Center are established on the same site. The site also functions as a visitor centre. The centres learning floor is dedicated to disseminating knowledge concerning Kitakyushus water management techniques. There are a variety of exhibits, many of which were interactive. Participants were particularly interested in the exhibit demonstrating Kitakyushus drainage technology which is able to ensure cope with large volumes of rainfall per hour. The participants then enjoyed seeing the state-of-the-art technologies being produced by local companies. A tour was then taken of the facilities where participants learned about the desalination system which combines both desalination and sewage water membrane treatment. The sludge palletization center was also visited. The centre produces about 20 tonnes of fuel per day from 70 tonnes of sewage. The fuel is sold to thermal plants within the city.

Lecture: Eco Town Concept in Kitakyushu The Concept of Eco-Town by Mr. Meiji Sato, Eco-town Office, Nippon Steel & Sumikin Technology Co., Ltd. Kitakyushu City experienced rapid growth as an industrial centre of Japan, but suffered tremendous environmental damage. Following its success in not only reversing the damage, but becoming a model environmental city in Japan, Kitakyushu City has sought to assist Asia through various international cooperative projects. Kitakyushu City has established an Eco-Model City Action Plan whereby the city aims to reduce CO2 emissions by 50% citywide by 2050 and assist in the reduction of emissions by 150% through collaboration in Asia.

As a part of these efforts, the Eco-Town was established in 1997 with the support of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. There are 26 eco-towns in Japan as of 2006, Kitakyushu City being the largest. The eco-town aims to both support businesses by placing environmentally focused businesses in close proximity to each other so that they can mutually benefit (for example by using one companys outputs as anothers inputs) as well as supporting local research hubs to further improve local recycling technology and create opportunities for new

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businesses. The Eco-Town further assists West Japan as a whole by accepting waste from all over Kyushu island as well as parts of Honshu island. The full presentation can be found in the annex.

Site Visit: Meeting with Nippon Magnetic Dressing (NDM) Senior members of the Philippine team - Ms. Nida Cabrera, Mr. Albert Altarejos Magalang and Ms. Raquel Smith visited the Head Office of the Nippon Magnetic Dressing Co. Ltd (NMD) in Kitakyushu. The meeting focused on the on-going bilateral support for establishing a business model for managing e-waste in Cebu City. NMD, one of the pioneer e-waste recycling companies in Kitakyushu City incollaboration with the Kitakyushu Asian Centre for Low Carbon Society, NTT Data Institute ofManagement Consulting and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) under thefinancial assistance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) in Japan has providedtechnical support to establish the e-waste collection and recycling system in Cebu based on theexperience of Kitakyushu City. Both parties discussed the progress so far in developing the draft bylawfor e-waste management and establishment of model collection systems at shopping malls. Inaddition, the potential of establishing an e-waste collection system in two model barangays selectedunder CCAC-MSWI using the waste separation and MRF at the barangays was discussed.

Official Meeting with the Hon. Mayor of Kitakyushu Hon. Mayor of Kitakyushu City, Mr. Kenji Kitahashi, warmly welcomed the participants from the City of Cebu. On behalf of Cebu City, Ms. Nida Cabrera thanked the Hon. Mayor and the City of Kitakyushu for all its support for improving the solid waste management system in Cebu. She said that Cebu City can learn lot from Kitakyushu, one of the leading environmental model cities in Japan. Like many other major cities in Japan, Kitakyushu has developed as an industrial city while supporting the economic growth of the country. At the same time, the city experienced air pollution and severe water contamination. However, through the efforts of city government in partnership with its citizens, academic and private sector, Kitakyushu overcame its environmental pollution so successfully that it was even praised around the world for transforming from a grey city to a green city. The Mayor of Kitakyushu City also took this opportunity to acknowledge Cebu City for giving Mayors Special Award in its 78th Cebu City Charter Day. The Mayor of Kitakyushu City further committed to provide technical assistance as a mentor city of CCAC-MSWI to improve the solid waste management and environmental pollution in Cebu City. Finally, both parties exchanged souvenirs and agreed to continue the city-to-city cooperation.

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17 November, 2015

DAY 2 1 2

3 4

5 6

7

8

9

1~9: Practical lecture on Takakura Composting

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17 November, 2015

1, 2: Hiagari sludge palletization center 3, 4, 5, 6: Hiagari sewage treating plant Visitor Centre 7: Lecture: Eco Town Concept in Kitakyushu

DAY 2 1 2

3 4

5

7 6

19

Wednesday 18th November Site Visit: Observation of Garbage Collection Sites The participants were taken to garbage collection sites in the Yahata Higashi Ward area. Garbage collection sites are widespread in Kitakyushu and are easily found within given residential areas and do not require more than a short walk. Participants were shown how residents leave out their garbage in the appropriate bag and area on the appropriate day. Garbage collectors demonstrated how bags are checked for correct separation prior to being load into the garbage truck. Bags containing waste which had been incorrectly separated were pointed out and labels stuck to them as a reminder. Garbage collectors operate a strict no segregation, no collection policy. Although there are occasional problems with waste being incorrectly separated, local residents are usually good at enforcing correct segregation amongst themselves.

Site Visit: Kitakyushu Environment Museum The Kitakyushu Environment Museum has been established as Kitakyushu Citys environmental learning and community centre. The centre is conceived as three environmental centres in one an environmental learning centre, information centre and activity centre, not only supplying learning and capacity building opportunities but also functioning as a community space for events. The museum is split into five zones and a prologue. The prologue describes the natural beauty of the Kitakyushu area and scenic spots. The five zones entitled The Development of Kitakyushu; Overcoming Pollution; The Environment and Us; Green Technology and Eco-Friendly Living; Future City take the visitor through the full history of the city. Many of the exhibits are hands on and interactive, making an engaging and memorable visit. The participants were also impressed by the Environmental Learning Supporters who are volunteers in assisting the visitors in learning about the previous environmental problems and also the 3Rs. Participants particularly enjoyed making simple crafts with the volunteers using recycled trash.

The museum is also itself constructed using a variety of environmental techniques including the use of scrap construction materials for the wooden floors, climbing vines which help reduce the heat in the museum via transpiration, a small wind power turbine, rainwater harvesting and also an eco-house which is a model house demonstrating a variety of eco-friendly technologies ensuring that it creates no environmental burden.

Site Visit: Nishihara Corporation Welcome to Nishihara was delivered by Mr. Koichiro Eguchi, Nishihara Corp. The establishment of truly professional, service oriented private Japanese companies in the waste management industry is a relatively recent phenomenon. Nishihara Corp. is a well-established local company which has also branched out into establishing business in Surabaya, Indonesia. Surabaya is a city of around 3m people and the second city of Indonesia. Waste collection is currently very inefficient, with many small depo stations being manned by thousands of waste pickers working in poor conditions. Nishihara Corp. established a SuperDepo to take advantage of efficiencies of scale and provide the waste pickers with more formalised work. The SuperDepo has been successful and has now been transferred over to the city. Nishihara has also established a large scale composting centre using windrow technology, creating compost in 20 30 days. Nishihara Corp. is planning to further scale up its activities through the establishment of an Eco Park which would not only process waste but also serve as an environmental education centre. The full presentation can be found in the annex.

Following the presentation, the participants were taken for a tour of the Nishihara Recycling Depo which specialises in plastic bottle recycling. The depo is well organised and separates out the plastic bottles through a combination of machine and manual sorting before sale to other plastic recyclers.

20

Site Visit: Shin-Moji Incineration Plant Refuse Treatment at City of Kitakyushu was presented by Mr. Yuji Tsutsumi. The Shinmoji Incineration Plant was constructed between 2003 2007 with a capacity of 720 tonnes per day through three 240 tonne incinerators. The incinerator is a gasification and melting type, was constructed by Nippon Steel Engineering Co. Ltd. at a cost of JPY22.9bn. Garbage is sent through a complex process whereby it is gasified in a melting furnace, with the gas produced being used to generate electricity. The non-gasified materials are further separated into metal (around 1% of the garbage received) and slag (around 10% of the garbage received). The slag is used in construction for the creation of blocks, walls, bollards and manholes, amongst others. The gas produced powers the steam turbine on site which has a maximum output of 23,500 kwh/h. The electricity generated powers the site (approximately 44%) with the remaining electricity being sold to the market. This income is beneficial, but does not cover the cost of running the site. Gas vented from the plant is carefully monitored and check to ensure compliance with national standards. The full presentation can be found in the annex.

21

18 November, 2015

4

5

1~4: Garbage collection site

5~7: Environmental Museum

DAY 3

1

3

2

6 7

22

18 November, 2015

1 2

3 4

5 6

1~4: Shin-moji incineration plant 5~7: Nishihara Corporation

4

5

7

DAY 3 3

23

Thursday 19th November Site Visit: Eastern (Fushitani) Landfill Site Tobu Landfill Outline was presented by Mr. Shunichi Muroi, Chief Official, Tobu Landfill Administration Office, Fukuoka City Environmental Bureau Facilities Department. In the 1970s Fukuoka City was suffering from polluted leachate from their anaerobic landfill. Experiments were conducted during the early 1970s to purify the leachate using a semi-aerobic methodology. The experiments were ultimately successful and led to the semi-aerobic landfill method being adopted by the national government as the standard landfill structure to be used in Japan. The method is now known as the Fukuoka Method and Fukuoka City is working to promote it further overseas. Construction on the present landfill began in 1988. In the semi-aerobic method, particular attention is paid to the construction of the leachate pipes and the leachate treatment system. Gas pipes are included with monitoring of the gas emitted. Waste material is added in a four step process adding the waste, pushing in the waste, crushing the waste, covering with soil. The landfill is currently in two sections, with the second section already finished and used as a small golf course.

Wrap Up Meeting and Discussion The wrap-up session which was facilitated by Dr. Kumara, IGES aimed to review the lessons learned from the five-day city exchange programme by the participants and identify the follow-up actions for the participants after their return to Cebu City. Starting the discussion, all the participants stated that they felt the exchange programme was very productive and helped for learning many aspects that are vital for planning and implementation of the Integrated Solid Waste Management system and reduction of SLCPs. For example, they identified that the waste separation at source, environmental education and awareness programmes, operation of MRFs and composting facilities by the private sector, the eco-town, and the construction and management of the semi-aerobic sanitary landfill in Fukuoka are all very good lessons learned. Further, they identified that building partnerships with citizen, private sector and local government is very important for effective solid waste management system in the city. They also recognised that Kitakyushu is very successful in implementing incineration for final treatment and that this should be seriously considered with a particular focus on investment and operational costs, economic viability and environmental impacts, if Cebu City wants to apply this at the local level. After this self-analysis of the lessons learned, the participants discussed the follow-up actions in their city. All participants agreed to develop and implement work plans in two model barangays to reduce by 70% the waste to be landfilled during the period of 2016/2017 based on the ISWM system. Both barangay captains of the model barangays promised to give strong leadership in successful implementation of the work plans in their respective barangays. In addition, the office of Councillor Nida Cabrera, Cebu City Solid Waste Management Board (CCSWM) and the Cebu City Environment and Natural Resource Office (CCENRO) were agreed to provide necessary technical, financial and legal support for the project implementation. The DENR as a national focal point also agreed to provide technical and policy support for the project implementation, documentation of the good practices, development of tools and expansion to other cities. IGES and its mentor city (Kitakyushu City) agreed to provide technical support under the CCAC-MSWI to create and implement work plans in Cebu City. Finally, the session was concluded by agreeing to organise a project planning workshop in Cebu in Feb 2016.

Closing Ceremony A short closing ceremony was then conducted by Kitakyushu City. Mr. Yuji Aoyagi, Executive Director of the International Environmental Strategies Department, Environmental Bureau presented the participants with certificates. He thanked them on the behalf of the City of Kitakyushu for their kind

24

attendance in the study tour and expressed the hope that this visit would be built upon to further deepen the relationship between Kitakyushu City and Cebu City.

25

19 November, 2015

4

5 1~7: Fushitani Landfill Site (Final

Disposal Site)

3

DAY 4

1 2

3 4

5

6 7

26

19 November, 2015

2

3 4

6

1 2

3 4

5

6

7

DAY 4

1~5: Wrap-up session 6~8: Closing ceremony

8

27

ANNEX Documents and Presentations

Supplied

29

WASTE MANAGEMENT in

KITAKYUSHU CITY

International Environment Strategies DivisionEnvironment Bureau Kitakyushu City

TEL : +81-93-662-4020Email : [email protected]

Shinsuke TakeuchiFor general Money exchange rate : 1 US$ = 100 yen

Japan

Tokyo

Kitakyushu

Waste Management Stream Waste Management Stream in Kitakyushu City (2009)

Un-recyclable waste164,000 ton

Garbage and Others 191,000 ton

Recyclables 19,900 ton

Recycling Facilities 19,900 ton

Incinerators 447,000 ton

Business waste Paper, wood,

textile, food etc.230,000 ton

Other citys waste82,000 ton

Municipal sewage sludge

10,000 ton

Recyclables 66,000 ton

Recycling Facilities

Household waste210,900 ton

(590g/capita/day)(Population:981,000)

Landfill 59,000 ton

Note

Municipal

Private

Exclude paper recycling by community activity 30,000 tonn

No raw (organic)waste No raw (landfill

Except waste oil, acid, waste oil, acidExcept wwalkaline plastic etc.

Charge (100$/ton)

Charge (200$/ton)

Waste treatment in Kitakyushu city in 2009

Yukuhashi city & Miyako townPopulation : 90,000Amount of waste : 27,000 ton/year

Nougata cityPopulation : 60,000Amount of waste : 17,000 ton/year

Nakama city & four townsPopulation : 140,000Amount of waste : 38,000 ton/year

Hiagarii incineration plant

Cans & Bottles recycling center

Kougasakii incineration plant

Cans & Bottles recycling center

Landfill area

s

n//year

Another city

Another city Another city

Kitakyushu cityPopulation : 981,000Household : 432,000Area : 487 km2

Plastics recycling center

Shinmoji incineration plant

Amount of wasteKitakyushu citys waste : 370,000 to

Another citys waste : 82,000 tonTotal : 452,000 ton

Cans and Bottles PET Bottles Plastic Containers

Paper Kitchen Garbage Plastics

Many kinds of domestic waste

Collection day Plastic bag Color Plastic bag Price

Can and Glass BottleWednesday

Brown25 liter : 12

PET Bottle Orange

PET Bottle

(Recycling started 1997)

Can & Glass Bottle

Recycling started 1993)

Recycling method of Can, Glass Bottle and PET Bottle

31

Can & Can & Glass Bottle

Number of collection point t 11,000 pointstsp , pOne point consists of around 40 households

Every Wednesday collection

Collection Point

PET Bottle

PET Bottle for recyclingneeds pure quality.

Collection Can and Bottle Can and Bottle Recycling Center

Hiagariri recycling Center

Honjyoo Recycling Center

Welfare for Mental handicapped workers

35 workers in each facility

Storage Pits

Can and bottles pit

PET bottles pit

ClassificationClassificationSteel and aluminum can is separated by y machineSteel and aluminum can is separated byy Pet bottle and glass bottle separated by

machiny mmy y hand

Can and bottles line

PET bottles line

Fresh air supply duct

Transparent bottle Brown bottle Other bottle

PET bottle Steel & Aluminum can Plastic bag

After separation Separation volume and d rrecycling incometion volume andd r cyclingeceof Can & Bottle in 2009

Volume (ton) Income (US$)

Aluminum 1,100 1,070,000

Steel can 1,300 290,000

Glass bottle 1,900 14,000

PET bottle 1,600 210,000

Total 5,900 1,584,000

32

Can, Glass Bottle & PET Bottle e Recycling g Structure

Municipal responsibility : Collection & Separation

Steel can SteelAluminum can Aluminum

Producing companys responsibility : RecyclingGlass bottle GlassPET bottle Carpet, cloth

People responsibility : Separation


Plastic Container Once a week Green25 liter : 12 45 liter : 20

Recycling method of Plastic Container

Collection Point(11,000 points)

Plastic Container

Collection Recycling center

Plastic ContainerEgg packageNoodle packageShampoo bottleDetergent bottleFood oil bottleMayonnaise containerCap of PET bottle etc.

Unsuitablematerials

Unsuitablematerials

Flow chart of separationStock yard Tearing machine Vibration separator

Unsuitable materials

separation

Compaction machine

Product stock yard

Heavy materials

Light materials

Unsuitable materials

Conveyor belt

Conveyor belt

Municipal responsibility : Collection & Separation

Producing companys responsibility : Recycling

People responsibility : Separation

Plastic Container r Recycling Structure

Plastic Oil, Gas (Chemical Recycle )Plastic New Plastics (Material Recycle )

News paper Cardboard

Paper Recycling (2008)1. Paper recycling is done by y y community activitytyty.2.

p y g yy yNumber of participated communities :

y: : 1,700

y0000.

3.

p pVolume of recycled paper :

,: ::: 33,000 ton

4.

y p pKitakyushu City subsidizes

,ss to community for their recycling Kitakyush

activityhu City subsidizesush

yy : Total subsidy is o community fotoess t

s s 2.7 million US$ or their rey fo

$ $ in 2008 Community center collection : : 777 /kgyDoor to door collection : : 5

/555

g/kg

Municipal responsibility : Subsidy

People responsibility : Separation and collection

Paperr Recycling Structure

Government Paper recycling community

33

Treating method of Kitchen Garbage and d Others

Kitchen and others

Kitchen garbage

Plastic

Unn-n--recycled paper

Unn-n--recycled wood

Used cloth and shoes

etc.


Kitchen garbageand others

Twice a week Blue20 liter : 22 30 liter : 33 45 liter : 50

Waste Collection PointBlue net used for prevention of Blue net usedbird picking

Number of collection point t 32,000 pointstspOne point consists of around 1000000-

p,,000-15 households

Two times a week collection

Waste Collection

Two times a week collection

The worker sweep theThe worker sweep thecollection point after collection

Shinmojiji Incineration Plant

Hiagariri Incineration Plant

Kogasakiki Incineration Plant

After collectionWaste is carried to 3 incineration plants.

720 ton/day(240 ton

/ y/n n

yy3)( )

2007 completion

810 ton/day(270 ton

/ y/nn

yy3)( )

1998 completion

600 ton/day(200 ton

/ y/n n

yy3)( )

1991 completion

Incineration Capacity (ton/day)

Shinmoji Incinerator 720

Kogasaki Incinerator 810

Hiagari Incinerator 600

Total capacity 2,130

Actual total capacity 1,810Average incinerated waste 1,300

Actual total capacityp= Total capacity

yyy

y(310/365)

= 2,130p

3030yy (p

(310/365), / )(= 1,810 (ton/day)( / y,

Excess capacityp= 1,810

p00

y 1,300 = 510 ton/day, ,

Periodical maintenanceWaste volume depended on seasonpEquipment breakdown

1. Construction term2003 December 2007 March 3years 4months

2.Treatment capacity720tons/day (240tons/day 3furnaces) 23,500 Kw

3.Treatment methodGasification Melting Furnace

4.Construction companyShinnittetu Engineering CO

5.Construction cost230million US$

1. Construction term

Shinmojim

i Incinerationn Plant

Old incineration plantCapacity : 600 tons/dayOperated term : 1977 - 2006

(30 years)

Flow of refuse treatment process in Shinmoji Incineration Plant

Scaling building

Platform

Refuse crane

Refuse Dumping

gateCoke &

Limestone

Combustion air fan

Refuse pitBulky refuse crusher

Shaft furnace typeGasification and M

elting furnace

Dust collector

Recycling Slag Metal

Magnetic separator

Oxygengenerator

Forced draft fun

Combustion cham

ber

Boiler

Exhaust gas temp adjuster

Bag filter

Catalytic reactor

Stack

SteamSteam turbine & Power generator

Slaked lime

Induced draft fan

Fly ash

Land fill

Ammonia water

Gas heater

1100

185

155

150

175

170

Refuse hopper

Granulating equipment

To stack

Fly ash

Chemical treatmentWater

Liquid chelate

34

Two machines at the entrance

Weighing Machine

Two machines at the exit

Dumping waste from platform to waste storage pit

1211

109

87654321

Twelve dumping gates

Platform

6,000

6,000

Storage 12,000m3(2,500tons) waste in total

waste storage pit

Crane

Operation room Two types of waste composition analysis (2009)

Garbage45.30%

Others32.70%

PaperCardboard14.90%

Plastic container5.80%

Can, Bottle, PET bottle

1.30%

(Others: Textile, Rubber, wood, metal,

Garbage11.4%

Others37.0%

Paper41.0%

Plastic10.6%

G4

hers

Household waste 273,000 ton/year (62%)sehold waste 273,000 ton/year (62%)HousBusiness waste 164,000 ton/year (38%)

Water content 25 %Combustible 58 %

Incombustible 17 %

Waste three composition

Waste composition in household waste

Calorific value 2,700 kcal/kg

Waste composition in incinerator pit

% wet weight basis % dry weight basis

Household waste + Business wasteHousehold waste

How to treat industrial waste in Kitakyushu city.Kitakyushu municipality treats not only household waste but also some kinds of industrial waste which is un-recycled paper, un-recycled wood, textile, food waste by incinerator.

The reason is as follows.1. Kitakyushu municipality assists small and medium sized enterprises.

Accordingly we treat some kinds of industrial waste such as paper, wood, textile, food generated from small and medium sized enterprises.

2. Kitakyushu municipality has three incinerators. So we have the excess incinerators capacity.

But Kitakyushu municipality doesnt treat other kinds of industrial waste such as ash, sludge, waste oil, waste acid, waste alkaline, waste plasticso on. These industrial waste is treated by private treating companies.

Infectious medical waste is also treated by special private company. 30

GasificationMeltingFurnace

240tons/day 3 GasTreatmentEquipmentCombustion

Chamber

HighTemperature

1,100

Slag Metal

Cooling Water TankMagnet Separator

HighggggggghhghgggTemperatraaraaaraar urerarerrerrrarararrrr

1,1011 0

Steam Turbine Generator

Steam Boiler

Mechanism of Gasification Melting Furnace

Waste Coke

Melting Slug

Combustible Gas

Electricity5% of waste

1.5% of waste9% of waste

1,800

400 40kg/cm2Steam

Efficiency 21%

Drying

Gasification

Melting

Limestone 4% of waste

35

Drilling the hole

Hard firebrick

Soft firebrick

Automatic drill Drill once an hour

Exit of melting slag

Slag

1000 tons Waste 100 tons Slag (10%)

Main component1. CaO : 35%2. SiO2 : 40%3. Al2O3 : 15%

Heavy metal content (mg/kg)1. Lead 8.2 ( standard 150)2. Chrome6+

Metal

1000 tons waste 15 tons metal (1.5%) cm1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Metal

Main component1. Fe : 75.1%2. Cu : 3.3%3. P : 3.5%4. Si : 5.8%

Utilization of Metal

Metal is used for construction machinery weight.

Metal is used for raw materials in steelworks.

Steam : 400 40kg/cm2 40 tons/hour

Steam Boiler

High generation efficiency : 21%Maximum Power generation capacity : 23,500kWh

Steam turbine & Power generator

Steam 400 40kg/cm2

Steam turbine

Reductiongear

Powergenerator

Generation of Electricity Gein

neratioGen n Shinmoji

on of Electricity tioii Incineration Plant in 2009

Shinmoji Incineration Plant

Electric Power Company

City Collection Office

Generation85,700 MWh

Consumption38,600 MWh (45%)

37

Gas treatment equipment

Combustion chamber

Steam Boiler

Exhaust gas temp adjuster

N2

NO

NODioxin

Dioxin

H2O

CO2 HCl

Catalytic reaction tower

Catalyst

170 300

Material of catalyst

Oxidized Titanium

NH3

NH3

4NO+4NH3+O24N2+6H2O

DioxinCO2,HCL,H2O, CxHy, etc

Catalyst

Water approx 1m3/h

Gas 185

Exhaust gas temperature adjuster

1. Protection of bag filter

2. Decrease dioxin generation

Gas 150

GasHCl SOx

Slaked lime

Dust

Fresh air

Clean gas

Dust

Bag filter

Ca(OH)2+2HClCaCl2+2H2O

Ca(OH)2+SO2+1/2O2CaSO4+H2O

SO2

HCl

Ca(OH)2

DUST

Chemical cloth filter

Treatment of fly ash

Fly ash5,450 ton/year

Liquid chelateAddition rate 6% of fly ash

Amount of chelate 330ton/year

WaterAddition rate 20% of fly ash

Amount of water 1,100 ton/year

Fly ash after mixing6,880 ton/year4.3 of waste

Mixing machine

Fly ash after mixing

Mixing machine

To landfill

The amount of treated waste in Shinmoji The amount of treated win 2008 : 160,000 ton Fly ash after mixing

Before treatingpH 12.3

Chromium 2.00 mg/littlePhosphorus 1.00 mg/littleLead 1.00 mg/littleSelenium 1.00 mg/littleCadmium 0.50 mg/littleMercury 0.02 mg/little

Elution test after chelate treatingActual value standard

Chromium 0.05 mg/little 0.5Phosphorus 0.1 mg/little 1.0Lead 0.01 mg/little 0.1Selenium 0.01 mg/little 0.1Cadmium 0.01 mg/little 0.1Mercury 0.0005 mg/little 0.005

38

Standard valueShinmoji incinerator

HCl : 30 ppmNOx : 50 ppmSOx : 30 ppmCO : 30 ppmDust : 10 mg/Nm3Dioxin : 0.08 ng-TEQ/Nm3

Monitoring of exhaust gasMunicipality has the responsibility of keeping the exhaust gas standard and state government has the right of inspection.

By City municipality1. Monitoring every second by automatic

analysis equipment.2. Manual analysis 6 times a year.

By State government1. Entering and inspection of incinerator sometimes.

Actual value in 2009Shinmoji incinerator

HCl : 13 ppmNOx : 21 ppmSOx : 0.019 ppmCO : 0.6 ppmDust : 0.00029 mg/Nm3Dioxin : 0.003ng-TEQ/Nm3

Operation and Observation for twenty four hours.Total number of operators : 46

Central Operation Room

Shinmojiincineration plant

Office and factory areaResidential area

Construction and demolition wasterecycling company

How to cooperate with citizens lived near the incinerator

Before construction11. Explain to the municipal assembly.p p y2. Explain to citizens lived near incinerator. p

(Incinerator type, capacity, Pollution control, noise, EIA)

During constructiong1. Explain to citizens lived near incinerator. p

(Incinerator construction condition)22.

(. Observe the construction site e e by

)yy citizens.

After construction completion and starting g operationp1. Observe the incinerator by citizens. 222.

y. Disclose operation data to citizens.p

(operation data and dd pollution control ol o data)

How to cooperate with citizens lived near incinerator

Disclosing dataHCl, SOx, NOx, CO, Dust (Every second measurement)

Dioxion (Two times a year measurement)

One method of operation data disclosingThe indicator is located toward the public road.People can get the information during 24 hours.

Other incineration plants in Kitakyushu City

Kogasaki incineration plantDate of start : 1998Capacity : 810 ton/day (270 ton 3)Power generation : 36,340 KwConstruction cost : 350 million US$

Hiagari incineration plantDate of start : 1991Capacity : 600 ton/day (200 ton 3)Power generation : 6,000KwConstruction cost : 125 million US$

39

KOGASAKI Incineration Plant(Stoker Type Incinerator)Capacity : 810 ton/day (270 ton/day 3 furnaces)

Waste dumping & storage pit Steam boiler Gas treatment equipment

Steam turbine

Ash storage pit

24hours operation

9000

Without fuel

KogasakiKogasakiVolume of pit 950m3 (950 ton)me of pit 950m3 (950 ton)Volu

Crane Capacity 4.8 ton

Ash Pit and Ash Crane

Hibikinada Landfill

Content of landfill materials are nt of landfonly in

ndfnn-

ill materiafindfnn--organics.only inn rganics.oro

(Ash, Soil, Concrete, Rock, etc.)

Hibikinada sea side landfill managed by Kitakyushu city in 2010Area of landfill : 70 haCapacity : 12,100,000 m3Kind of waste : Domestic wastes incineration ash

Small & medium company s concrete, sludge, plastics, glass and dust Life span : from 1986 to around 2022

Natural Rock Layer

Natural Sand Layer

Natural Clay Layer

Sea

Rock

Waterproof SheetTextile + Vinyl chloride sheet 1mm

-11m

-14m

-18m

Shore Protection Structure

ConcreteWasteRock Soil

Hibikinada Landfill

Rain Water&

Leachate Water

40

Leachate Water Treatment Plant

Coagulation and Sedimentation MethodCoagulation and Sedimentation MethodSand Filter and Activated Carbon Adsorption

l i d diTreatment Capacity 170 mm3

im3/hour

Combustible Waste e IIncinerationn Structure

Collection & Incineration & Landfill

Municipal responsibility

Carried out New Recycling Systemin 2006

53.754.8 54.7 54.2 54.3

40.042.044.046.048.050.052.054.056.058.060.0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

million ton Amount of household waste in Japan

Amount of household waste doesnt change in whole Japan.

Also o in Kitakyushu u City, amount of waste doesnt t changee.

253 250 255 254 253

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

1000 ton Amount of household waste in KItakyushu city

Data : Ministry of Environment

Data : Kitakyushu city

Due to decrease household waste,

tthe national government enforced

Household Waste Reduction Law on March h 20033.

The reduction target t is s s 2000%%%.

According to the law,

Kitakyushu City carried out

Household Waste Reduction SSySystem on July y 20066.

The e reduction target t is s s 2000%%%.

Kitakyushu city succeeded to accomplish h 26%% waste reduction in n 20088.

253 250 255 254 253 252 247214 189 184

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

1000 ton Amount of household waste in KItakyushu city

National Governmentenforcement

KitakyushuCity carried out

26%reduction

Before 2008

41

31,000 tonincreased

Kitakyushu City carried outRecycling materials :Can, Glass bottle, PET bottle, Plastic container, Paper, Wood

How to reduce household waste.

45 liter 151545 liter 50 030 liter 33 320 liter 22 2

2. Increased the price of designated garbage plastic bag.

45 liter garbage plastic bag45 liter garbage plastic bagAverage Weight : 6 kg/one bagAverage Weight : 6 kg/one bagTreating cost : 2.5US$/one bagTreating cost : 2.5US$/one bag(Collection and Incineration)

50 2 US$

2.5 US$

Waste reduction civil awareness appearsWaste reduction civil awHigh price effect

2006Until 2006

1. Carried outt plastic container r recycling system m in 20066.

45 liter 202025 liter 1212

Waste recycling Waste recycling civil awareness civil awarappears

Waste recyclingWaste recyclingLow price effect

200619971993

How to recognize the new recycling system to citizens.

How to explain the new recycling system to citizens.

1. . Before enforcement

Many explanation meetings for citizens were held.

Public information sheets were delivered to citizens.

Explanation meetings for citizens were held for 1,376

times. (Total number of attendance is about 47,000.)

4,500 0 eexplanation videotapes were delivered to

community centers.

Many explanation advertisements were on TV.

2. After enforcement

Earlyy-y-Morning Training was held by citizen volunteers and

city officers at waste collection point. (32,000 points)

The training was carried out for 10 days.

The time of the training was from 6:30am to 8:30am.

The number of citizen volunteers was 13,200 per day.

The number of city officers was 1,550 0 per day.

Future Target of Waste Management

1. Reduction of household waste

The target of the reduction should be fulfilled d --7.1% in

2020 compared with 2009.

Method of reduction

Kitchen garbage should be reduced 8% by people education.

Reduction of food waste and drying of garbagee

2009 2015 2020

506 (g/capita/day) 495 (g/capita/day) 470 (g/capita/day)

-2.2% -7.1%

Future Target of Waste Management2. Improvement t of recycling ratio

The target of the recycling ratio should be fulfilled 35%gin 2010.

Method d of f f improvementpNewspaper recycling ratio should d be e increased 10%.p p y gPlastic container recycling gg ratio o o should d dd be increased dd 15%.

2009 2015 2020

Recycling ratio(B)/(A) 30.4% 32.5% 35%

Total amount of waste (A) 497,000 ton 476,000 ton

Recycled materials (B) 147,000 ton 162,000 ton

42

Waste management in 2009 (Cost of treating)

Other citys waste82,000 ton

16 million US$

Business waste164,000 ton

13 million US$

Sewage sludge10,000 ton

1 million US$

Landfill wasteby private CO.

167,000 ton6.3 million US$

Cans, Bottles, PET 11,900 ton

Plastic Containers 8,000 ton

Domestic waste 179,000 ton

Honjyou Recycling Center1997 Capacity : 63tons/day

Hiagari Recycling Center1993 Capacity : 53tons/day

Plastics Recycling Center2007 Capacity : 60tons/day

SHinmoji Incineration Plant2007 Capacity : 720tons/day

Kougasaki Incineration Plant1998 Capacity : 810tons/day

Hiagari Incineration Plant1991 Capacity : 600tons/day

Selling valuable materials

Steel cans 1,300ton 290,000 US$

Aluminum cans 1,100ton 1,070,000 US$

PET bottles 1,600ton 210,000 US$

Transparent bottles 900ton 7,000 US$

Brown bottles 1000ton 7,000 US$

Milk carton 200ton 10,000 US$

Residue 4,900ton (Go to landfill & incinerator)Total 11,000ton 1,594,000 US$

Recycling

Product CO. organization(97-95%) Municipality (3-5%)

Recycling

Slag 14,400ton 27,000 US$Metal 2,100ton 4,000 US$Total 16,500ton 31,000 US$

LandfillBag ash + Main ash 59,000 tonGeneral waste 7,000 tonIndustrial waste 112,000 ton

Power CO. 4.5million US$

Waste collection office

Electricity

Power CO. 3.7million US$

Waste collection officeSewage treatment plant 0.9million US$

Electricity

Power CO. 20,000 US$Sewage treatment plant 0.8million US$

Electricity

Steam

Steam

Steam



Sewage plant 0.4million US$

Regional air conditioning40,000 US$

Total IncomeWaste treatment 56.1 million US$Electricity 9.78 million US$Valuable materials 1.62 million US$Steam 440,000 US$Total Income 67.94 million US$

Others 12,000 ton

447,000 ton

155,000ton

189,000ton

103,000ton

City market

Household waste210,900 ton

Plastic bags 19 million US$

Small shops waste & food waste, textile, unrecyclable paper and wood

Bag ash & Main ash 17,000 ton

Bag ash & Main ash 35,000 ton

Bag ash 7,000 ton

Collection fee59 million US$/year

260 US$/ton

Recycling fee6 million US$/year

300 US$/ton

Incineration fee68 million US$/year

150 US$/ton

Landfill fee2.8 million US$/year

40 US$/ton

73

, $Total Income 67.94 million US$

Expenditure and Income in 2009

Business waste 13.4Electricity 9.78Other city's waste 16.4Valuable materials 1.59Others 7.77

Total 48.94

Expenditure(Unit : million US$)

Income & Revenue(Unit : million US$)

Incineration68(50%)

Collection59(44%)

Recycling6(4%)

Landfill2.8(2%)

Expenditure135.80(3 )

IncomeRevenue

135.8

Plastic bags19(14%)

Others48.94(36%)

City tax67.86(50%)

Total general account city budget : 5,300 million US$74

Good result of recycling and incineration

Incinerated waste (447,000 ton)

Recycling (50,000 ton)(Can, Glass bottle, Pet bottle, Plastic container, Paper etc.)

Recycling (50,000 ton)

Incineration ash (59,000 ton :13%of incinerated waste)

Recycling slag & metal (17,000 ton)

Data : in 2009, Kitakyushu city

Strong point of incinerator1. Waste volume reduction2. Extend the landfill life span3. Better sanitation4. Making possibility of

construction inside city.

THANK YOUSinsuke Takeuchi

43

Waste Management Administration

in the City of Kitakyushu

Daisuke Watanabe

Office for Industrial Waste Management, Control and Inspection Department,

Environment Bureau

Introduction The City of Kitakyushu, established in 1963 by the equal

amalgamation of five cities, celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2013.

The City became well known nationwide for its manufacturing industry, but also notorious for air and water pollution. Behind the high economic growth, the City experienced severe environmental pollution represented by Japans No.1 thickest dust fall; Dokai Bay, the Sea of Death; and the increasing number of asthma patients.

Today, the City enjoys a clean environment. The blue sky has returned from the multicolored smog and a bio-diverse and affluent blue sea has been regained from an inanimate watery environment. It is easier said than done, but tremendous expense and the efforts of many people have made it possible.

Trend of dust fall and sulfur dioxide in City of Kitakyushu Yahata Steel Works in 1960

Present Yahata Works Trend of COD in Dokai Bay

44

Dokai Bay in 1960 (around Steel Works) Present Dokai Bay (around Steel Works)

Current Status of Industrial Waste

(1) Industrial waste is generated from each step of manufacturing, processing products and treating exhaust gas and wastewater.

(2) It is necessary to reconsider the raw materials used, andthe process, machines and equipment in order to reduce the amount of industrial waste.

(3) Industrial waste generation and emissions in the city are shown by category in the chart below.

Industrial Waste Generation and Emissions in Kitakyushu City by Category (FY 2012)

Slag

Unit: 1,000 tUnit: 1,000 t

Sludge

Dust

Metal scrap

DebrisOthers

Sludge

DustOthers

Debris

Slag

FY 2012Emissions

FY 2012Generation

Industrial Waste Generation and Emissions in Kitakyushu City by Category (FY 2012)

Slag

Slud

ge

Dust

Met

al sc

rap

Debr

is

Was

te a

cid

Glas

s was

te

Cind

ers

Was

te p

last

ic

Smal

l pie

ces

of w

ood

Was

te o

il

Live

stoc

k w

aste

Was

te a

lkal

i

Was

tepa

per

Plan

t and

ani

mal

re

sidue

s

Fibe

r was

te

Was

te ru

bber

Live

stoc

k ca

rcas

ses

Was

te re

late

d to

an

imal

s

Generation

1,000 t

Emissions

Treatment Flow of Waste Generated in the City (FY 2012)

GenerationAmount of valuables

Emissions

Amount of storage

Amount of intermediate

treatmentAmount of

residue

Amount of reduction in intermediate treatment

Amount of final disposal

Amount of effective utilization


Total amount of effective

utilization


Upper row: FY 2012 (percentage to generation) Lower row: : FY 2011 (percentage to generation)

Unit: 1,000 t

45

Number of Illegal Dumping Incidents

Amount of treatmentNumber of discovered incidents (incident)

Amount of treatment (those who dumped, etc.)Amount of treatment (city)Number of discovered incidents

The parentheses indicate an included number

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014FY

Waste is:

Materials that should be disposed of in exchange for payment Waste

Materials that can be purchased Valuable resource

In basic operations

On points to consider in operation of the Waste Management and Public Cleansing Act, Notice of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, October 25m 1971 (kansei 45)

Legal Definition of WasteIndustrial Waste and General Waste

Industrial Waste

General Waste

Waste

Twenty types of waste specified by law among waste generated through business operations(Examples) -Sludge generated from wastewater treatment at a factory-Concrete waste from building demolition work

Waste other than industrial waste(Examples) -Domestic waste-Waste paper from offices

Type Example

Waste produced in any industrial activities

(1) CindersCoal cinders, residual ash of incinerator, dischargefrom kiln cleaning, waste active charcoal, wastecarbon

(2) SludgeOrganic sludge: sewage sludge, wastewatertreatment sludgeInorganic sludge: plating industry sludge, polishingindustry sludge

(3) Waste oil Mineral oil, animal/plant oil, waste solvent(4) Waste

acid Waste sulfate, fixer solution

(5) Wastealkali Photographic developer, alkali plating waste

(6) Wasteplastic

Synthetic rubber waste, scrap tire, printing ink waste,lacquer waste, paint waste

(7) Wasterubber crude caoutchouc, natural rubber scrap

(8) Metalscrap

Metal grinding sludge, shavings, chips, weldingwaste

(9) Glass,concreteandceramics

Glass, brick, concrete (glass and concrete producedin the process of new construction, reconstruction ordemolishing of a structure fall under (11)demolishing debris)

(10)Miningwaste

Blast/electric furnace remnant, poor quality ore,casting scrap

(11)Demolitiondebris

Concrete debris, brick and asphalt waste producedin the process of new construction, reconstruction ordemolishing of a structure)

(12)Soot and dust

Soot and dust emitted from a soot and smokeemitting facility under the Air Pollution Control Lawand collected through a dust collection facility

Type Example

Waste produced in specified industrial activities

(13)Wastepaper

Wastepaper produced by any of the followingbusinesses:- Construction industry (in the process of newconstruction, reconstruction or demolishing)- Pulp, paper manufacturer, paper processing,newspaper businesses- Publishing, bookmaking, printed materialprocessing businesses

(14)Chips,sawdustand pallet

Chips, sawdust and pallet produced by any ofthe following businesses- Construction industry (in the process of newconstruction, reconstruction or demolishing)- Wood/wood product manufacturer- Pulp manufacturer, imported woodwholesaler

(15)Wastetextile

Natural waste textile produced by any of thefollowing businesses:- Construction industry (in the process of newconstruction, reconstruction or demolishing)- Textile industry

(16)Animal &vegetableremnant

Solid animal/plant waste used in food, drug, orperfume manufacturing industries

(17)Solidanimalwaste

Solid waste produced in the process ofslaughter/ disassembly of animals in aslaughterhouse or processing of birds in atable bird processing facility

(18)Animalmanure

Manure of cattle, horse, pig, etc. from alivestock farm

(19)Animalcarcasses

Carcass of cattle, horse, pig, etc. from alivestock farm

(20)Waste based on Cabinet Order No.13

Industrial waste processed for disposal thatdoes not fall under any of the above. e.g.concrete solidified sludge

Responsibility for Treatment

The responsibility for the treatment of industrial wastes lies with businesses that discharge the wastes.

Accordingly, businesses that discharge industrial waste shall themselves treat the waste or entrust its treatment to businesses that have obtained a license to treat (specially controlled) industrial wastes.

46

Disposal Method

Disposal of (specially controlled) industrial waste often requires specific technology, therefore, the disposal standard is established at each step of segregation / storage / collection and transportation / intermediate treatment / final disposal (landfill) according to the waste category.

Segregation StorageCollection andtransportation

Intermediatetreatment Final disposal

(landfill)

Disposal Standard Correction of contents

Treatment Flow of Industrial WasteTreatment Flow of Industrial Waste

Generation / emission

Intermediate treatment /

recycling

Final disposal/ effective utilization

Collection / transportation

Collection / transportation

-Neutralization-Cement solidification-Dehydration-Drying-Incineration-Melting-Distillation-Crushing and sorting-Sorting-Cleansing

-Parts recovery-Resource recovery (metal, etc.)-Construction materials-Heat supply-Electric power supply

-Landfill

Manifest System

Control Manifest for Industrial Waste (Manifest System)

Intermediate treatment trader

As a consignee

As a consignor

Primary manifest Secondary manifest

Return after treatment

Return after final disposal


GeneratorCollector/

transporterCollector/

transporter Final disposer

Issue 6 out of 7 copies

Send 4 copies

Return after transportation


Return after transportation


Issue 6 out of 7 copies

Send 4 copies

File

Fileone copy

Filetwo

copies File

Fileone copy

Fileone copy

Transporta-tion

completion document

Treatment completion document

Transporta-tion

completion document




Final disposal completion document

Final disposal completion document

License for Conducting an Industrial Waste Treatment Business (Collection and

Transportation Business, Disposal Business)

If businesses accept the entrustment of the collection, transportation or disposal of (specially controlled) industrial wastes from any other party, these businesses are required to obtain a license for a business to treat (specially controlled) industrial wastes.

Entrustment of the Treatment of Industrial Wastes

Entrustment of the treatment of industrial wastes (Main requirements)

ActivitiesWastes

Collection, transportation Intermediate treatment, final disposal

Industrial wastes Business to collect and transport industrial wastesBusiness to dispose of industrial wastes

(Specially controlled) Industrial wastes

Business to collect and transport (specially controlled) industrial wastes

Business to dispose of (specially controlled) industrial wastes

* It is necessary to obtain a license from the prefectural governor or the mayor of a city that has established health centers to conduct a treatment business.This license is granted through an examination of the knowledge, skills, capacity, financial condition, compliance with the laws, etc., of the business based on the application.

Types of licenses for businesses to treat industrial wastes

Business that discharges industrial wastes

Treatment business

Contract in writing (Before the fact)

Bearing appropriate charges Confirmation of the completion (Manifest)

Collection and transportation business

Industrial wastes Industrial wastes

Ban on the dumping of waste(Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law, Article 16)

No person shall dump waste without permission.

Violators of the lawwill face a maximum of 5 years imprisonment and/or a fine of up to 10 million yen for an individual, and a fine of up to 100 million yen for a legal entity(From April 2011 the maximum fine will increase to 300 million yen.)At present, penal regulations have been established for attempted illegal

dumping and for those who collect and transport waste for the purpose ofillegal dumping.

47

Ban on the incineration of waste(Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law, Article 16-2)

No person shall incinerate waste except as stated in this Article.

Violators of the lawwill face a maximum of 5 years imprisonment and/or a fine of up to 10 million yen

As in th