citral from lemongrass oil (cymbopogon citratus … · citral from lemongrass oil (cymbopogon...
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Irma Suparto, Erna Puji Astuti, Irmanida Batubara
Biopharmaca Research Center Department of Chemistry
Bogor Agriculture University
CITRAL FROM LEMONGRASS OIL
(Cymbopogon citratus Stapf)
AS SLIMMING AROMATHERAPY
IICC, 10-12 September 2013
Way of life
Risk of obesity
Type
of treatment
Type of drugs
(2 class)
Aromatic plants
Essential oil
of Lemongrass
Slimming aroma- therapy
INTRODUCTION
Aromatherapy Mechanism
Previous Research
Antibacterial, antifungal, anti-protozoa, analgesic, sedative anti-cholesterolemia
Anti-microba, anti-inflammation,
Diuretic, anticancer
CNS stimulating
Citral
Citral isolation
Sodium bisulphite
Lemongrass Oil
Fractionation Toluene: EA (8:1)
F2 F1
Component
Identification (GC-MS) In vivo test
30 adult males Sprague Dawley (180-200 g)
I
III
II IV
V
No
Inhalation
HFD HFD HFD HFD
No
Inhalation
Inhalation
Lemongrass oil Inhalation
citral
Inhalation
F2
Std
Feed consumption
(g)
Body weight
(g)/ week Fat deposit (g)
Citral Isolation
Yield
23.47%
Preparative thin layer chromatography
TLC citral: stationary phase: silica G60F254
mobile phase: Toluene: ethyl acetate(8:1) (λ: 254 nm)
F2 (near final point)
F1 (Near start point)
Yield F1
16.90%
Yield F2
72.52%
2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
(x10,000,000)TIC
1
2
34
Intensity Chromatogram
Lemongrass Oil
Retention time (Min)
2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
(x10,000,000)TIC
3
4
6
2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
(x10,000,000)TIC
3
4
5
7
Chromatogram
F2
Chromatogram
Citral
1. β-myrcene 2. Citronelal 3. β-citral 4. α-citral 5. Columelarin 6. Tujhopsene 7. Nerol acetate
tR (min) Component Lemongrass oil (%) Citral (%) F2 (%)
4.394 β-myrcene 12.29 - -
8.119 citronelal 1.23 - -
10.476 β-citral 19.31 33.44 25.59
11.279 α-citral 33.92 52.73 15.51
11.548 columelarin - - 21.37
12.482 Thujopsene - 5.2 -
14.030 nerol acetate - - 1.19
Unidentification
Component 33.25 8.63 36.64
Component value 11 5 11
GC-MS Result
53.23 86.17 41.1
α-citral
(Geranial)
β-citral
(Neral)
In vivo assay
Values within the same column followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)(Duncan's multiple range test)
Group Baseline
(g)
End treatment
(g)
Control 190.00±12.41a 252.50±26.49c
HFD 200.83±10.13a 225.50±15.47b
HFD+LG 209.67±24.92a 196.83±10.81a
HFD+Citral 195.00±13.17a 190.83±10.53a
HFD+F2 200.10±20.80a 191.50±19.87a
170
190
210
230
250
270
0 1 2 3 4 5
I
II
III
IV
V
Aver
age
body
wei
ght
(g)
weeks
-7
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
I II III IV V
Group
Chan
ges
in b
ody
wei
ght
wee
k-5
(%
)
Weight Feed Consumption (g/head/3days)
Group Baseline End treatment
Control (-) 55.07±3.18a 56.94±4.35c
Control (+) HFD 56.90±2.23a 54.30±3.24c
HFD+
lemongrass oil 59.87±0.30a 44.77±3.57b
HFD+citral 58.33±2.84a 32.48±7.61a
HFD+F2 56.10±2.73a 36.32±6.27a
Values within the same column followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)(Duncan's multiple range test)
Values within the same column followed by different etters are significantly different (P < 0.05)(Duncan's multiple range test)
Group Fat deposits (g)
Control (-) 2.4433±1.0632a
Control (+) HFD 3.0834±1.1008a
HFD+ lemongrass oil 2.8198±0.5605a
HFD+citral 2.6508±0.8911a
HFD+F2 2.5805±0.1891a
The average weight and percentage of fat deposit
Conclusion
Inhalation of the lemongrass oil, citral, and fraction 2 for 5
weeks decreased body weight in adult male rats.
GC-MS result showed that the majority compound was β-
citral and α-citral in lemongrass oil, citral extract and
fraction 2
Conclusions
Rumus federer
(k-1) (n-1) ≥15
(5-1) (n-1) ≥ 15
4 (n-1) ≥ 15
4n – 4 ≥ 15
n ≥ 4.75
Citral Isolation
+
Citral
Sodium bisulphite Citral bisulfphite
(Crystalline product)
Proton transfer
Citral Sodium sulphite
Yield
23.47%
+
α-citral
(Geranial)
β-citral
(Neral) β-myrcene citronelal
Nerol acetate tujhopsene