Cities & Climate Change Initiative(CCCI)

Marie DARIEL-SCOGNAMILLO, Consultant30 september 2010

Deltas in Times of Climate Change, Rotterdam International Conference

Overview

• Climate Change and Cities in Africa

• UN HABITAT Strategic Approach to CC / Cities

• UN HABITAT Cities and Climate Change Initiative – CCCI

• CCCI Methodology at the city level

• CCCI in Saint Louis

Climate Change & Cities in Africa• Fast-growing cities:

– The urban population of Africa is expected to double from 370 million to over 750 million between 2007 and 2030*.

– In East Africa, the world's fastest urbanising region, the urban population will double in only 9 years*.

– Proliferating unplanned settlements

• Coastal densification of human land use– Global movement of population from

hinterland to coasts– Vulnerable settlements expanding to

lowlands & marshy / flood-prone areas

• CC risks affect 40% of human settlements in Africa:

– sea level rise, – water scarcity, – Climate variability, extreme weather:

droughts / heavy rainfalls, cyclones…- Uncertainty of long-term climate forecasts

+ difficult downscaling

*: From UN-HABITAT (2008), State of African Cities 2008, Nairobi and UN-HABITAT (2009) Global Report on Human Settlements 2009, London, Earthscan

The Impacts of Climate Changeon African Cities / Coastal cities

• Erosion in highly densified areas w informal settlements;

• Wetlands and tidal flats may be flooded

• Groundwater is at risk of increasing salinization,

• Coastal aquifers at risk of decreasing, affecting fresh water supply and peri-urban agriculture

• Exacerbated food insecurity due to lower agricultural production,

• Increase in vector and water borne disease,

• Overall hotter temperatures and urban heat islands

High vulnerability – Low response capacity

• Poor building and infrastructure quality

• Poor drainage systems

• Lack of water/climate-proof infrastructure & know-how

• Fragile livelihoods and access to services (health)

• Planning failures (inappropriate choices and limited enforcement)

=> response capacity and preparedness are limited

African cities’ contribution to climate change- Large numbers have no access to energy; small elites are

intensive energy consumers: - private car vs public transport; congestion; lack of alternatives;

- building materials, construction technologies, inappropriate design;

- depletion of green areas, environmental services (wetlands, carbon sinks);

- use of firewood, pollution of water reservoirs, urban sprawl.

Despite the relative small level of emissions, there is vast scope for improving present patterns to avoid high level of GHG emissions in the future

UN HABITAT

The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-HABITAT promotes socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all

Habitat Agenda: increasing the resilience of cities to the impacts of climate change

« UN Acts as one »: concrete approaches for synergies and strategic partnerships with other UN Agencies and programmes

Collaborates with other institutions to develop specific tools and networks: Arcadis (“Shelter Initiative”), IIED, ICLEI, Rockfeller Foundation, WB…

UN HABITAT Strategic approach Cities and CC

• Cities contribute to climate change• Cities are affected by climate change

=> Cities are part of the solution

• Integrated approach for planning incl:- Comprehensive poverty reduction- Integrated adaptation- Disaster preparedness- Shift to green / low carbon / energy efficient economy

and development over longer term.

Cities and Climate Change Initiative (CCCI)

• Launched in 2008

• Objective: to enhance climate change mitigation and adaptation capacity of cities in developing & least developed countries.

• Approach:• Linking local climate change initiatives to national plans and

budgets. • Developing learning tools for enhancing local climate change

mitigation and adaptation capacity (eg. Planners’ Guide)• Promoting participatory, cross-sectoral environmental planning • Bringing together best practices/strategies to improve urban

resilience (e.g. Resource Cities Network) (www.climateactionmap.org)

Cities and Climate Change Initiative (CCCI)

• 20 Pilot Cities Worldwide:

– First group of pilot cities (2008)• Sorsogon (Philippines)• Esmeraldas (Ecuador) • Maputo (Mozambique) • Kampala (Uganda)

– 5 Additional cities in Africa (beginning in 2009 or early 2010) • Burkina Faso Bobo Dioulasso • Kenya Mombasa • Namibia Walvis Bay • Rwanda Kigali • Senegal Saint Louis

– 10 Additional cities in Asia and Pacific (beginning in 2010)

CCCI Methodology at the CCCI Methodology at the city levelcity level

Assessment

At the Global Level:

TOOLS / STRATEGIESADVOCACYNETWORKS

ConsolidatedInstitutionalization

City Consultation

Nat’l Consultation

Process DesignPolitical Decision

Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan

Risk Mapping / Greenhouse Gas

Emissions Monitoring

CCCI in Saint Louis, Senegal

April 2010: Launch of CCCI (with international Workshop)

May 2010: CCCI Partner Cities Meeting in Bonn (Resilient Cities Conference)

Aug-Sept 2010: Strengthening human resources and expertise

September 2010: Arcadis Study and water-related vulnerability assessment

CC & St Louis• Scientific studies at the National

level (NAPA):– T°: +1,5°C– Shoreline: - 1-2m/y

• Uncertainty of CC forecasts at local level (lack of data for climate model downscaling)

• Local observations (link with CC tbc):

– UCAD: sea-level rise observed: +1m/year

– Rainfalls combined with high watertable, clay soil and

– Communities: shrinking of the beach + houses eroded

CCCI in Saint Louis: Next Steps• National dialogue and debates

on physical risks diagnostic• Support to strategic planning

and climate action plan• Planners’ Guide for CC: St

Louis/pilot• Capacity building: training on

climate resilient urban development + construction techniques to build WITH water

• Support to the International Workshop organized by the City of St Louis on « CC and local governance in Africa »

Thank you!

Cities and Climate Change Initiative (CCCI)

UN-HABITAT

www.unhabitat.org/ccci