circling app.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
Circling
Presented byDavid Owens / Senior Director Training Policy
17th Flight Safety Conference Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
• What is the issue?
• What are the rules?
• How should we fly a circle to land?
• Conclusions
Content
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
What is the issue?
•Circling approach is nothing new – always a challenge•Used to be frequent and normal operations•Today, not as frequent and no longer recurrent training for everyone•Is this a risk?
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
45°
What is a circling approach?
“When landing runway is different from instrument approach RWY”
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
• What is the issue?
• What are the rules?
• How should we fly a circle to land?
• Conclusions
Content
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Page 6
17th Flight Safety Conference
45°45°
Circling approach rulesRome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
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Circling approach rulesRome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
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What about the missed approach?Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
• What is the issue?
• What are the rules?
• How should we fly a circle to land?
• Conclusions
Content
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Rules – especially protected area FAA vs JAA
Reference source Airbus. FCOM, FCTM, BG
Airbus published references
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Rome, 21-24 March 2011
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Standard Circling Approach
Approach preparation
• Chart – protected area/terrain• Approach configuration / MDA• Preparation of SEC F-PLN (Copy active,
change runway to actual landing runway)• Optimum use of ND
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Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
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Standard Circling ApproachRome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Standard Circling Approach
Instrument Approach
• Gear down, conf 3• For an ILS use FD in HDG/VS• NPA = TRK/FPA
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Rome, 21-24 March 2011
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17th Flight Safety Conference
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Standard Circling Approach
At MDA for circlingLevel off and fly not lower than MDA
(Anticipation, use of AP)• Push to level off or press ALT• Select TRK/FPA• Arm 45 degree track• If visual: join downwind (visual?)• Pull HDG for track• If not visual; Go-around
45°
The pilot is able to determine his aircraft’s position in relation to
the runway with the aid of the external
references. IEM to Appendix 1 to JAR-OPS
1.430, 4.2 and 3.2
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Standard Circling Approach
Timing for Circling
• 30 seconds from wings level• Adjust for strong Head or Tail wind• Use of ND• Visual exercise – timings are approximate
45°45°
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When the secondary flight plan is activated, the validmissed approach procedure is no longer available.
In case of GO AROUND, it must be flown in SELECTED mode as briefed.
NAV
Standard Circling ApproachDownwind
• Maintain visual (Lateral distance and Track)• Adjust Track for wind as necessary• Activate SEC F-PLN (Keep DISCONTINUITY)• Disconnect AP and remove FD when appropriate
(at the latest before any further descent)
45°
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
ABM
Standard Circling Approach
Downwind Abeam• Start time abeam threshold (3 sec per 100 ft)• What about airspeed/tail wind?• Visual exercise – timings are approximate• Use ND
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Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
•2.5 Nm offset?•Position downwind?•Track downwind?•Abeam Threshold?•Tailwind for timing?•Crosswind?•Terrain?
Use of ND for Situational Awareness
45°45°
VISUAL, all timings are approximate, use ND as a guide ONLY
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Standard Circling Approach
Final turn
• Initially, maintain 25° bank • Maintain altitude until runway threshold identified• Set LDG configuration when appropriate• Stable by 400ft AAL
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17th Flight Safety Conference
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Standard Circling Approach
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400 ft AAL stabilized
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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Standard Circling Approach
400 ft AAL stabilized
It is expected that the pilot will make an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway and overhead the aerodrome where he will establish the aeroplane in a climb on the missed approach track.IEM to Appendix 1 to JAR-OPS 1.430, 3.1
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
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Be aware of exceptions
Remember, in case of missed approach…
Always fly the go-around of the initial instrument approach.
Pilot is expected to manoeuvre to enable this but always within the protected area
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Rome, 21-24 March 2011
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What about Engine Out?
In case of Engine Out…
• All aircraft – ref QRH
• Check table for weight (320/330)
• Delay gear
45°45°
If the approach is flown at less than 750 ft RA, the “L/G NOT DOWN” warning will be triggered – can be cancelled.
The “TOO LOW GEAR” warning will be triggered below 500 ft RA.
NAV
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
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Use of NAV?
Standard circle to land is visual,
NO Pilot WPTs
NO NAV
NO AP below Circling minima
NAV
45°
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
• What is the issue?
• What are the rules?
• How should we fly a circle to land?
• Conclusions
Content
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Page 26
17th Flight Safety Conference
Conclusion
•Airbus recommends all operators examine their operation and training regarding circling approach •What about RNP?
45°
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
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Rome, 21-24 March 2011