chuong4_ghep kenh so
TRANSCRIPT
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1. KHI NIM GHP KNH
FDM ( FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)TDM ( TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)WDM ( WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)CDM ( CODE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)
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2. GH P KNH PHN CHIA THEO T N SFDM
NGUYN L
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2. FDM
H THNG
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2. FDM- GII THIU H THNG AT&T
AT&T (USA)
Group
12 voice channels (4kHz each) = 48kHz
Range 60kHz to 108kHz Supergroup
60 channel
FDM of 5 group signals on carriers between
420kHz and 612 kHz Mastergroup
10 supergroups
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2. FDM- GII THIU H THNG AT&T
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2. FDM-H THNG AT&T LEVEL 1
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2. FDM-H THNG AT&T LEVEL 2
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2. FDM-H THNG AT&T LEVEL 3
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2. GH P K NH PH N CHIA THEOTN S FDM
V D
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3. GH P KNH PHN CHIA THEOTHI GIAN (TDM)
NGUYN L
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3. TDM
H THNG
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For Analog Signals
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
FramePattern
MUX
Buffer
Buffer
Buffer
Buffer
Buffer
Codec
Codec
Codec
Codec
Codec
Voice A
Voice B
Voice C
Voice D
Voice X
A B C .... X Fr A B ....
2048 Kbps Clock
3. TDM
V D
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For Digital Signals
Line Code n m Line Speed Overhead
USA T1 64K 24 1.544 Mbps 8 kbps
Europe E1 64K 31 2.048 Mbps 64 kbps
C.O
MUX
CH12
34
M
.
.
.
.
.
C.O
MUX
CH12
34
M
.
.
.
.
.
n bps
n bps
n bps
n bps.....
n bps
n bps
n bps
n bps
n bps.....
n bps
High-SpeedTransmission Line(n m + Overhead)
V D
3. TDM
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TDM-E1
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Serial synchronous bit stream at 2.048 Mbps
Specifications defined in CCITT recommendations:
G.704/G.732 Frame definition (for framingover E1 and T1)
G.703 Interface physical specs(pulse mask, etc.)
G.823 Jitter requirements
Interface (G.703) - two alternatives
4-wire, balanced120W, pulse = 3.00 volts nominal
4-wire, unbalanced, 2 coaxial connectors75W, pulse = 2.37 volts nominal
1. GII THIU E1 (PCM 32)
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1. GII THIU E1 (CONT)
Voice withCAS SignalingApplications
Data Applicationsor
CCS Signaling
30 64 kbps 1.920 MbpsSignaling (Timeslot 16) 0.064 MbpsFraming (Timeslot 0) 0.064 Mbps
Total, E1 2.048 Mbps
31 64 kbps 1.984 MbpsFraming (Timeslot 0) 0.064 Mbps
Total, E1 2.048 Mbps
8 8 8 8 8 8
31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
PCM 30
64 kbps------
64 kbps
1
30 or 31
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2. Frame Format for E1
Channel 0
Sync. Timing
& Control Data
Channel 16
Optional
Signaling Channel
F Channels 1 to 15 Sig Channels 17 to 31
Channel 0 1 15 16 17 31
1 Frame = 256 bits (125 ms)
Bit Rate = 2.048 kbps
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4. G.732/G.704 Framing
Khe thi gian nh s t TS 0 -TS 31.
TS 0 dng cho: Synchronization - Alarm
Transport - International Carrier
TS16 : Channel Associated Signaling (CAS).
G.704 s dng bo hiu Common ChannelSignaling(CCS) nn TS16 s dng cho truyn
data.
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ng dng bnh thng, nu khng s dng ERRORCHECKINGc ch nh bi G.704 -> Timeslot 0 sdng cc International bits v National bits.
G.704 m t ty chn ERROR DETECTION viCRC-4 checksum cho Frames 0 ->7, v Frames 8 ->15. Khi OPTIONAL format s c s dng nhsau:EVEN FRAME's International bit c thay cho
CRC-4 bit.
National Bits c dng nh SPARE BITS.
5. Timeslot 0
6 Ti l 0 N l O i
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6. Timeslot 0 Normal Operation(Without CRC-4)
6 Ti l 0 O i l O i
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S dng 4-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).
CRC bits trong Frames 0, 2, 4, v 6dng cho pht hinli transmitted/received SUB-MULTIFRAME(Frames 0 -> 7).
CRC bits trong Frames 8, 10, 12, v 14 dng cho phthin li transmitted/received SUB-MULTIFRAME(Frames 8 -> 15):
6. Timeslot 0 Optional Operation(WITH CRC-4)
6 Ti l 0 O i l O i
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6. Timeslot 0 Optional Operation(WITH CRC-4)
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CCITT G.704, Timeslot 16 c th dng cho thng tinCAS hoc dng truyn data nu CCS.
Trong CCS, Mt giao thc bo hiu s c dng gia
hai thit b kt ni E1: SS7, ISDN, hoc PBX/SwitchProprietary protocols nh sau:
7. Timeslot 16
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Khi Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) c dng,ITU recommendation G.732 s dng "MultiFrame"format bo hiu cho lung E1 nh sau:
4bit u Timeslot 16, Frame 0 dng cho MultiFrameAlignment Signal (MFAS).
7. Timeslot 16 (tt)
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Timeslot 16 ca Frames 1-15 l signaling bits.
Ch trng thi ABCD = 0000 khng c php. Nu tt c cc bit trong Timeslot 16 l 0, => Loss of MultiFrame
Alignment Signal.
Khi ch c A-Bit only signaling is used (No BCD bits), BCD bitss c nh l: B=1, C=0, D=1 (101).
7. Timeslot 16 (tt)
8 T tt TS0 (With t CRC4) &
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Khung
S
TS0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TS16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
1
2
3
.
.
.
15
8. Tm tt TS0 (Without-CRC4) &TS16(CAS)
8 T tt TS0 (With t CRC4) &
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Khung
S
TS0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TS16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X Y X X
1 I 1 A N N N N N SIG - Ch1 SIG - Ch16
2 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch2 SIG - Ch17
3 I 1 A N N N N N SIG - Ch3 SIG - Ch18
4 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch4 SIG - Ch19
5 I 1 A N N N N N SIG - Ch5 SIG - Ch20
6 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch6 SIG - Ch21
7 I 1 A N N N N N SIG - Ch7 SIG - Ch22
8. Tm tt TS0 (Without-CRC4) &TS16(CAS)
X = Spare Bits, set to 1 if not used. N=National Bits. I =International BitsY = Yellow Alarm (Loss of MultiFrame Alignment Signal)
(0 = Normal | 1 = Loss of MFAS)
8 T tt TS0 (With t CRC4)
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Khung
S
TS0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TS16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch8 SIG - Ch23
9 I 1 A N N N N N SIG - Ch9 SIG - Ch24
10 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch10 SIG - Ch25
11 I 1 A N N N N N SIG - Ch11 SIG - Ch26
12 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch12 SIG - Ch27
13 I 1 A N N N N N SIG - Ch13 SIG - Ch28
14 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch14 SIG - Ch29
15 I 1 A N N N N N SIG - Ch15 SIG - Ch30
8. Tm tt TS0 (Without-CRC4)&TS16(CAS)
X = Spare Bits, set to 1 if not used. N=National Bits. I =International BitsY = Yellow Alarm (Loss of MultiFrame Alignment Signal)
(0 = Normal | 1 = Loss of MFAS)
9 NH DNG A KHUNG E1
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10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Multiframe (16 frames)
Frame 0 (32 Time Slots)
10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 31
Time Slot 0(8 bits)
0I 0 1 1 0 1 1
Time Slot 16(8 bits)
00 0 0 X Y X X
Time Slot 0(8 bits)
1I A N N N N N
Time Slot 16Signalling Bits
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
SpeechCh. 1-15
SpeechCh. 16-30
SpeechCh. 1-15
SpeechCh. 16-30
Frame
Time Slot
Frame
AlignmentWord
Multi-Frame
AlignmentWord
Changes to 1 on
loss of distantmultiframe
Changes to 1 on
loss of distant frame(remote alarm)Not-Framealignment word
A B C D A B C D
ch1-15
Frame 1->15 (32 Time Slots)
10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 31
16-30
9. NH DNG A KHUNG E1(Without- CRC-4 & CAS)
X = Spare Bits, set to 1 if not used. N=National Bits. I =International BitsY = Yellow Alarm (Loss of MultiFrame Alignment Signal)(0 = Normal | 1 = Loss of MFAS)
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1. Gii thiu North American T1
North American T1 facilities operate at 1.544 Mbps. Framingmay be either Superframe (D4) or Extended Superframe (ESF).
These facilities are deployed in the United States, Canada,
Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong (Hong Kong also employsInternational G.732 interconnectivity).
Related Specifications:
-----------------------AT&T Pub 62411 (D4, Line Characteristics)
AT&T Pub 54016 (ESF)
ANSI T1.403 (DS1 Metallic Interface)
2 T1 F F
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2. T1 Frame Format
8 8 8 8 8 8
CH 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
F F
D ChannelBank
DS 0
DS 0
Analog
Analog---------------
CH1.......
24
AT&T - 1957
DS 1
8 bit PCM Codes 24 Channels + 1 Framing Bit = 193 bits (Overhead)
Level Bit Rate Circuit
DS 0 64 kbps 1
DS 1 1.544 Mbps 24
1 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit
F-bit TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 24
3 S f F (D4 F i )
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3. Superframe Format (D4 Framing)
Standard frame is 193 bits long (1 Framing bit + 24 8-bit timeslots).
Each timeslot is scanned at a rate of 8000 times per second. Therefore,
in one second, there are: 8000 * 8 bits/TS * 24 TS = 1,536,000 Bits of
"Payload" data transmitted. There are: 8000 * 1 = 8,000 Bits ofsynchronization bits transmitted within a one second interval.
Therefore, the total aggregate rate of the T1 signal is 1,544,000 bps
(1.544 Mbps).
A Super frame consists of twelve 193-bit frames. A framing bit can
support different functions, depending upon which of the twelve
frames it is in. There are two types of framing bits; Terminal framing
(Ft) and Signaling framing (Fs) bits.
3 S f F ( )
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3. Superframe Format (tt)
3 S f F ( )
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3. Superframe Format (tt)
4 D4 Voice and Data Signaling vi
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4. D4 Voice and Data Signaling viSuperframe Format
The transport of signaling states is required in Switched voice or
data (Switched 56K service).
Signaling is accomplished through a "Robbed Bit" method wherebit 8 of each channel's timeslot is "robbed" to indicate a signaling
state in the 6th and 12th frames.
Effective throughput for the A signaling bit (Frame 6) is 666.66BPS. Effective throughput for the B signaling bit (Frame 12) is
the same (666.66 BPS).
5 E d d S f F (ESF)
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5. Extended-Superframe Format (ESF)
The standard frame is 193 bits long (1 Framing bit + 24 8-bit
timeslots). Each timeslot is scanned at a rate of 8000 times per
second (as in D4/SF). The line rate is 1.544 MBPS supporting a
data "payload" of 1.536 MBPS.
There are three types of framing bits; Frame Pattern Sync (FPS),
Datalink (DL), and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits. Of
the 8 KBPS framing bit bandwidth:
4 Kbps is allocated to the Datalink2 Kbps is allocated to the CRC-6 character
2 Kbps is used for synchronization purposes
An Extended Superframe consists of twenty-four 193-bit frames:
3 CU TRC T1 ESF
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3. CU TRC T1-ESF
Extended Superframe Frame Format
FR1
FR2
FR3
FR4
FR5
FR6
FR7
FR8
FR9
FR10
FR11
FR12
FR13
FR14
FR15
FR16
FR17
FR18
FR19
FR20
FR21
FR22
FR23
FR24
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
CH5
CH6
CH7
CH8
CH9
CH10
CH11
CH12
CH13
CH14
CH15
CH16
CH17
CH18
CH19
CH20
CH21
CH22
CH23
CH24
F
Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8Bit 1
Extended Superframe4632 Bits
Frame193 Bits
Channel8 Bits
192 Bits
FrameOverhead 1 Bit
5 E d d S f F ( )
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5. Extended-Superframe Format (tt)
6 ESF V i d D t Si li
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6.ESF Voice and Data Signaling
The transport of signaling states is required in Switchedvoice or data (Switched 56K service).
Signaling is accomplished through a "Robbed Bit"method where bit 8 of each channel's timeslot is"robbed" to indicate a signaling state in the 6th, 12th,18th, and 24th frames.
Effective throughput for the A signaling bit (Frame 6) is333.33 BPS. Effective throughput for the B, C and Dbits is the same (333.33 BPS).
7 T tt T1 ESF St t
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7. Tm tt T1- ESF Structure
Extended Superframe FormatF Bit
Bit use in EachChannelFrame
NumberBit
NumberFe FDL CRC Traffic Signaling
Robbed BitSignaling
1
2
3
4
5
67
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1516
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
0
193
386
579
772
9651158
1351
1544
1737
1930
2123
2316
2509
27022895
3088
3281
3474
3667
3860
4053
4246
4439
0
0
1
0
1
1
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
1-8
1-8
1-8
1-8
1-8
1-71-8
1-8
1-8
1-8
1-8
1-7
1-8
1-8
1-81-8
1-8
1-7
1-8
1-8
1-8
1-8
1-8
1-7
8
8
8
8
A
B
C
D
Lin C d Bip l r 50% RTZ
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Line Code - Bipolar, 50% RTZ
To guarantee 0 DC element on the line, bipolar is used
To eliminate high frequency components that can
interfere with other transmissions, digital services
utilize 50% duty cycle, known as:
Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI)(Mark = Logic 1)
+
0V
-
Bit 10
Bit 21
Bit 31
Bit 40
Bipolar Violations
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Bipolar Violations
+3 Volts
-3 Volts
1
0
1 BPV 1
0
One Error
T1 Standard
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T1 Standard
Line Rate 1.544 MHz
Cable Length 6.000 ft max.
Pulse Amplitude 2.7 to 3.3 V
Maximum Successive Zeros 15
Receive Attenuation 15 to 22.5 dB
Line Build Out 0.0, 7.5, 15 dB
ANSI T1.403 - 1989
T1 Summary
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T1 Summary
Serial Synchronous Bits Stream at 1.544 Mbps
Timeslot 8 bits
24 Timeslots 8 24 = 192 bits
Frame 24 T.S. + 1 Framing Bit = 192 + 1 = 193 bits
Sampling Rate 8.000 samples/sec
T1 Bit Stream 8.000 Frames (192 bits/frame + 1 bit/frame) =
1.536 Mbps + 0.008 Mbps (framing) =
1.544 Mbps
Line Code AMI (50% Duty Cycle) or B8ZS (for clear channel) Synchronization From Line
Interface 4-wire, Balanced, 100 W, RJ-45 Connector (or dB-15)
E1/T1 Error Conditions
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E1/T1 Error Conditions
Principal T1/E1 Alarms
Red Alarm (FAS Loss)
Produced by a receiver to indicate that ithas lost frame alignment
Yellow Alarm (RAI)
Returned to a transmitting terminal
to report a loss of frame alignment
at the receiving terminal
Normally, a T1/E1 terminal will use the receivers
red alarm to request that a yellow alarm be transmitted
E1/T1 Error Conditions (Cont )
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E1/T1 Error Conditions (Cont.)
Blue Alarm (AIS)A continuous ones pattern without framing,
indicates an upstream failure
Blue (AIS) Red (LOF)
Yellow (RAI)
Loss here
T3/E3MUX
T1/E1MUX
Principal Error Conditions
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Principal Error Conditions
Loss of Carrier Receive data was 0 for 31 consecutive bits
Bipolar Violation A failure to meet the AMI T1 line code
F Bit Error Framing bit is in error
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Plesiochronous Drop & Insert
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Plesiochronous Drop & Insert
Add/Dropoperationrequires
completedemultiplexNG to locateA channels
bits
140
34
34
8
8
2
140
34
34
8
8
2
140MLTE
Customer
34 Mbps
8 Mbps
2 Mbps
140MLTE
The Add/Drop Operation
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The Add/Drop Operation
New Technologies
Very tight synchronization
Use pointers to locate channels
ADM
SW 3
ADM ADM
SW 2SW 1
Fiber Optic
Ring(622 Mbps)
T1T1
T1
SDH/SONET
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SDH/SONET
Developed as a result of PDH inability to cater for
new digital data transmission requirements
Evolved as a joint world-wide standardization effort
(ITU-T&ANSI)
Few differences still exist between European (ETSI)
SDH and North-American (ANSI) SONET
Had to accommodate older PDH systems that are still
operating
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
Synchronous Optical Network
The Hierarchical Network
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The Hierarchical Network
LargeUrban
Area
Core Network
TrunkNetwork
RegionalArea
MetroArea
High CapacityNetwork Switching
TrunkNetwork
DistributionNetwork
LocalNetwork
JunctionNetwork
TransportTier 1-Core
Network
Tier 2-Metro/
RegionalNetwork
Tier 3-Local/
Network/
Junction
AccessNetwork
RuralArea
Urban
Area
PC CPE PC CPERC RC
The Transmission Equipment
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The Transmission EquipmentHierarchy
Core, Backbone 565 Mbps Fiber 2.5 Gbps OLSTrunk, Long 140 Mbps Fiber 2.5 Gbps ADM
Distance 140 Mbps Radio 155M Radio
34/14 Mbps Multiplex 4/4 DXC
Regional, Urban, 140 Mbps Fiber 2.5 Gbps OLS
Metropolitan 34 Mbps Fiber 2.5 Gbps ADM
34 Mbps Radio 622M OLS34/140 Multiplex 622M ADM
2/34 Mbps Multiplex 155M Radio
4/3/1 DXC
Local Junction, 8 Mbps Fiber 622M OLS
Access 4 2M Radio 622M ADM
2M Radio 155M ADM2/8 Multiplex
Access Flex Mux
Primary Multiplexer
Channel Bank
Access Multiplexer
4
2M
140M
34M
8M
2M
2.5G
622M
155M
64K
4
4
Equivalent
Capacity
PDH SDH
SDH/SONET Bit Rates
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SDH/SONET Bit Rates
Information Structure
RateSDH SONET
51.84 Mbps
155.52 Mbps
622.08 Mbps
2.48 Gbps
10 Gbps
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
STM-64
STS-1 (OC-1)
STS-3 (OC-3)
STS-12 (OC-12)
STS-48 (OC-48)
STS-192 (OC-192)
The SDH Add/Drop Operation
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The SDH Add/Drop Operation
New Technologies Very tight synchronization
(very few slips)
Uses pointers to locate channels
Cut ADM
SW 3
ADM ADM
SW 2SW 1
Fiber Optic
SDH Ring(622 Mbps)
E1E1
E1
The STS-1 Frame (52 Mbps)
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The STS-1 Frame (52 Mbps)
SONETOverhead3 columns(3 rows for
SectionOverhead6 rows for
LineOverhead)
SONET Payload (SPE)9 rows x 87 columns
90 columns
9 rows
125 microseconds
8 bits
Path Overhead
The STM-1 Frame (155 Mbps)
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The STM 1 Frame (155 Mbps)
Frame Period = 125 ms
1 9 270
1
2
3
RegeneratorSection Overhead
4
5
6
7
8
9
Multiplex SectionOverhead
STM-1 Payload
9rows
270 Columns (bytes)
VC-4/AU-4 Mapping to STM-1 Frame
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VC 4/AU 4 Mapping to STM 1 Frame
MultiplexingFunction
RSOH
MSOHAligningFunctionAU-4 PTR
AU-4 (AU-G)
STM-1 Frame
MappingFunction
VC-4
POH
VC-4
STM-1 Structure
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STM 1 Structure
Seat on the Carriage = Tugs
VC-4 Payload SOH
Populating the Seats in the Carriage
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Populating the Seats in the Carriage
TUG2 Seats
One Large
Passenger
VC2
Three Smaller
Passengers
3 VC12
Four Even Smaller
Passengers
4 VC11
STM-N Frame Structure
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STM N Frame Structure
1
3
Section OverheadSOH
4 Administrative Unit Pointer(s) 5
9
Section OverheadSOH
STM-N Payload
9 N
9rows
261 N270 N Columns (bytes)
STM-Nc - Concatenated FrameS
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Structure
1
3
Section OverheadSOH
4 Concatenation Indication
5
9
Section OverheadSOH
STM-N Payload
Payload Overhead. N 1 Columns.One Column - Real Payload Overhead.
Others - Fixed Stuff
10 N
9rows
260 N
270 N Columns (bytes)
Multiplexing of N AUGs into STM-N
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Multiplexing of N AUGs into STM N
#1
1 9
1 261
AUG
#N
1 9
1 261
AUG
N x 9
RSOH
MSOH
123....N123....N
123....N123....N
N x 261STM-N
123....N
STM-1 SOH
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STM 1 SOH
Bytes reserved for national use
* Unscrambled bytes. Therefore care should be taken with
their content
D Media dependent bytes
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 * *
B1 D D E1 D F1
D1 D D D2 D D3
Administrative Unit Pointer(s)
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2
D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9
10 D11 D12
S1 M1 E2
9 bytes
9rows
RSOH
MSOH
Ring In Interoffice Application
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Ring In Interoffice Application
OC-N
OC-N
CUT
SONETADM
WireCenter
DS-3s
SONETADM
DS-3s/DS-1
WireCenter
WireCenter
SONETADM
DS-3s
DCS
HUB
SONETADM
WireCenter
DS-3s
Fiber 1
Fiber 2
Network Management
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Netwo k Manage ent
New Technologies
Embedded overhead channels (EOC) for
management messages
Uses standard communications protocols
ADM
SW 3
ADM ADM
SW 2SW 1
Fiber OpticSDH Ring
(622 Mbps)
E1E1
E1
SDH Standards
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G.651 Multimode Fiber Specification
G.652 Single Mode Fiber Specification
G.700 Framework of the G.700, 800, 900 Rec.
G.701 Vocabulary of Terms
G.702 Digital Hierarchy Bit Rates
G.703 Physical/Electrical Characteristics Interfaces
G.704 Synchronous Frame Structures Primary & Secondary Levels
G.705 Characteristics - Terminate Digital Links on a Digital Exchange
G.707 Network Node Interface for SDH Incl. Multiplexing Structure
G.774.04 SDH Management for SNC Protection for the NE
G.780 Vocabulary of Terms for SDH Networks and Equipment
G.781 Structure & Rec. for Multiplexing Equipment for the SDH
SDH Standards (Cont.)
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( )
G.783 Characteristics of SDH Equipment Functional Blocks
G.784 SDH Management
G.803 Architectures of Transport Networks Based on SDH
G.825 Control of Jitter & Wander in Digital Nets based on SDH
G.826 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives
G.831 Management Capabilities of Transport Nets based on SDH
G.832 SDH Elements on PDH Networks: Frames and Multiplexing
G.841 SDH Protection: Rings and Other Architectures
G.957 Physical Parameters for SDH Optical Interface
G.958 Provides overall Requirements for Optical Interfaces
ITU-R Architectures & Functional Aspects of Radio Relay for SDH
O.SDH Equipment to Assess Error Performance on SDH Interface
ANSI Standards
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T1.105
Byte interleaved multiplexing format Line rates for STS - 1, 3, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 Mappings for DS0, DS1, DS2, DS3
Monitoring mechanisms for section, line and pathstructures
192 kbps and 576 kbps DCC
T1.106 - This is an associated standard that establishes
the optical parameters for the SONET standards. Single
mode fiber is defined as the standard optical
transmission medium
T1.107 - Digital hierarchy format specification
Phase I
ANSI Standards (Cont.)
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T1.105R1
SONET format clarification and enhancements Timing and synchronization enhancements
Automatic protection switching (APS) Seven-layer protocol stack for DCC and embeddedoperations channels
Mapping of DS4 (139 Mbps) signal into STS-3c
T1.117 - Optical parameters for short-haul (2 km)multimode fiber cable
T1.102-199X - Electrical specifications for STS-1 and
STS-3 signals
Phase II
( )
ANSI Standards (Cont.)
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T1.105.01-1994 - Protection for two & four fiber bidirectional
line switched SONET rings
T1.105.05-1994 - Tandem connection overhead layer for SONET
T1.105.03-1994 - Jitter for SONET and SONET-PDH
T1.119-1994 - Management of SONET NE, OSI compliant interface
T1.204 - OAM&P lower layer protocols for TMN interfaces
T1.208 - OAM&P upper layer protocols for TMN interfaces
T1.214 - OAM&P network model for interfaces between OS & NE
T1.215 - OAM&P fault management messages for OS & NE
T1.229 - OAM&P performance management messages for OS & NE
T1.231 - Layer 1 in-service transmission performance monitoring
Phase III