ch&nw lab

ECA LAB

II/II DCME- COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LABDept. of Electronics & Communication Engg

INDURINSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGYSIDDIPET, Medak DIST. 502277

LABORATORY MANUAL

COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LABIIndYear IInd Sem. DCME(CURRICULUM 2009(C-09))

Prepared and verified by

R.Radha Krishna B.E,M.Tech,M.B.A, AMIETE,(SMAeSI)

DEPARTMENT OFELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGLAB CODE

1. Students should report to the concerned labs as per the time table schedule.

2. Students who turn up late to the labs will in no case be permitted to perform the experiment scheduled for the day.3. After completion of the experiment, certification of the concerned staff in-charge in the observation book is necessary.

4. Staff member in-charge shall award marks based on continuous evaluation for eachexperiment out of maximum 10 marks and should be entered in the notebook

5. Students should bring a note book of about 100 pages and should enter the readings/observations into the note book while performing the experiment.

6. The record of observations along with the detailed experimental procedure of the experiment performed in the immediate last session should be submitted and certified by the staff member in-charge.

7. Not more than three students in a group are permitted to perform the experiment ona setup.

8. The group-wise division made in the beginning should be adhered to, and no mix up of student among different groups will be permitted later.

9. The components required pertaining to the experiment should be collected from stores in-charge after duly filling in the requisition form.

10. When the experiment is completed, students should disconnect the setup made by them, and should return all the components/instruments taken for the purpose.

11. Any damage of the equipment or burn-out of components will be viewed seriously either by putting penalty or by dismissing the total group of students from the lab for the semester/year.

12. Students should be present in the labs for the total scheduled duration.

13. Students are required to prepare thoroughly to perform the experiment beforecoming to Laboratory.

14. Procedure sheets/data sheets provided to the students groups should bemaintained neatly and to be returned after the experiment.

I N D E X

Sl. No.LIST OF EXPERIMENTSPage No.

1Identify motherboard components05 09

2RAM identification, removal, installation.10 14

3CMOS setup.15 20

4Print a summary of your system Hardware.21 24

5Upgrading memory25 27

6Hard drive, optical drive installation28 31

7How to recover lost data on hard drive.32 38

8Trouble shooting keyboard ,monitor, printer39 45

9Printer Problems

10Installation of operating system

11Installation of Network card.

12Preparing the UTP cable for cross and direct connections using crimping tool.

13Installation of a switch and connecting systems to a network switch.

14Installation of a modem (internal, external or USB) and connecting to internet.

15Using FTP for uploading and downloading files.

16Installation and configuring the proxy server for internet access

EXP. No. 1:Identify motherboard components

AIM:To Identify various components of mother board and state the function of each Component of mother board.

EQUIPMENTS/APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Personal computer(PC)2. Tool KitTHEORYDefinition-1:Computer is an electronic data processing machine which receives and stores a large volume of information in the form of symbols and digits. Instructions given by the user and gives the result.Definition-2: Computer is an electronic device which Accepts the data, Stores the data, Process the data, and Gives the results at a great speed According to user instructions

Mother board: Mother board is a printed circuit is a foundation of computer & allows the CPU, RAM & all other hard ware components to function with each other. Mother board provided electronic connection between various components in system. The primary purpose of a System Board is to house the CPU and allow all devices to communicate with it each other. The main Circuit Board of a Microcomputer This is also called Main Board or Mother Board. The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. The two most popular System Boards are Older AT Newer ATXCIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREWhen you open the computer case we find this.Mother board: The main Circuit Board of a Microcomputer This is also called Main Board or Mother Board. The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. The two most popular System Boards are Older AT Newer ATX It provided inter face for various add on card such as 3D graphic sound cards,networking inter face card etc.., It provides CMOS battery driver for real time clock.

It supports ports links such as serial, parallel, USB, &internet, etc..,S.M.P.S: It stands for switch mode power supply. It converts AC supply to3.3V, 5v, 12v, DC It provides the power to all components of systemProcessor: This is the chip that does the thinking of the computer. These are the Pentium& AMDprocessor speed is measured is MHZ & GHZ (1GHZ=1000MHZ)Memory:Stores the Data, Two types Primary Memory, Example: RAM Secondary Memory, Example: Hard DiskRAM (Random Access Memory):It is a temporary memory Whenever the power is switched off the contents will be lost It is also called volatile memory Two main types: Static RAM (SRAM) and Dynamic RAM (DRAM)Hard Disk (HDD):is often shortened as Hard Disk, Hard Drive, or HDD.Is a Non-Volatile storage device that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with magnetic surfaces?

Read Only Memory (ROM) Chip: ROM holds programs and data permanently even when Computer is switched off Data can be read by the CPU in any order so ROM is also direct access Rom chip contains instruction which are specified for the particular which are specified for the particular mother board these programs & instruction will be remaining the PC throughout its life usually they are not already alteredPCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) Slot: for high-speed input/outputAGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) Slot: for a video cardISA(Industry Standard Architecture) Slot: for older or slower devices

Chip set: Set of chips on the motherboard Controls Memory Cache, External Buses, Peripherals Intel dominates the market in the field of chipsets---Example: i800 series of ChipsetsThe chip set usually chip two section they are(1) North bridge (2) South bridge ---The Northbridge links the CPU to very high-speed devices, especially, Main memory and Graphics controllers, and ---The Southbridge connects to lower-speed peripheral buses such as PCI or ISA

Hard ware: Physical components of Computer What we can see and touchEx. Key Board, Monitor, CPU, Hard Disk, Printer etc.,Floppy drive:This is slot in the front of your computer where you insert which store data & meaning to the other computer is your computer IMAC you will not have floppy disk are 3 1/2 inches in size & hard 1.44MB data

CD ROM (or) ROM drivers: This plays your music & data CD it will also play DVD movies data CD hold up to 70MB of Information.DVD hold up to 4.7GB of information if have CD (or) CD-R/W you can store information on CD's

CMOS battery: CMOS battery provides voltage to the BIOS computer setting are stored here & system clock

Heat Sink: The purpose of heat Sink, it is cool processer temporarily

Power connection:

These connections connects you power supply to drives & devices in your computer

Data cables: The purpose of these cables is to communicate data between mother board & devices link disk, CD drive etc..,

OBSERVATIONSWe identified the various components of mother board and study the various functionsof each component of mother board.

PRECAUTIONS1. Note down the various components of mother board.2. Note the important specifications and functions3. Do not install or remove Components/IC from a circuit with power ON.4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC5. Adjust the Proper connections.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:1. Check the working condition of Computer components/Parts2. Check the all properties2. Check whetherinput can be viewed on the Mother board3. Check the Connecting wires.RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS

Verified the various components of mother board and their functions of each component of mother board.APPLICATIONS1. PC2. Embedded systemsQUESTIONS1. Define computer?2. What is a chipset? Give an example3. List different types of motherboards? 4. Define form factor of system board?5. Define motherboard?

EXP. No. 2: RAM identification, removal, installation

AIM:RAM identification, removal and installation


1. Personalcomputer (PC)2. RAM (Random Access Memory) (Memory RAM ranges from 128MB to 3GB)3. Tool KitTHEORY

Random Access Memory (RAM) is the best known form of Computer Memory. The Read and write (R/W) memory of a computer is called RAM. The User can write information to it and read information from it.With RAM any location can be reached in a fixed (and short) amount of time after specifying its address.The RAM is a volatile memory, it means information written to it can be accessed as long as power is on. As soon as the power is off, it cannot be accessed. So this mean RAM computer memory essentially empty. RAM holds data and processing instructions temporarily until the CPU needs it.There are two basic types of RAM:(i) Dynamic Ram(ii) Static RAMDynamic RAM: loses its stored information in a very short time (for milli sec.) even when power supply is on. D-RAMs are cheaper & lower.Similar to a microprocessor chip is an Integrated Circuit (IC) made of millions of transistors and capacitors.Static RAM: A form of flip-flop holds each bit of memory. A flip-flop for a memory cell takes four or six transistors along with some wiring, but never has to be refreshed. This makes static RAM significantly faster than dynamic RAM.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREWhen you open the computer case we find this.Remove all cables from the PC, then remove the cartilage one side,then removethe two chips in the RAM chip on the mother board, Tabulate the ram check it is DDR1,DDR2(or)DDR3.If RAM is not workin0g exchange a mother ram with same configurationthen insertthe ram in ram slots on mother board properly, the fix RAM pins & automatically locked to power on system.Press delete key to check ram configuration in CMOS setup product information then click at should ram capacity

OBSERVATIONSWe identified the RAM slots on motherboard,removed and installed.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Note down the Different types of RAMs2. Note the important specifications and functions3. Do not install or remove Components/ IC from a circuit with power ON.4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC5. Adjust the Proper connections.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

1. Check the working condition of Computer RAMs2. Check the all properties3. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board4. Check the Connecting wires.

RESULTS / CONCLUSIONSIdentified theRAM,removed and installed on the mother board.

APPLICATIONS1. PC2. Embedded systems

QUESTIONS1. Define RAM2. Define ROM3. What is Memory?4. What is meaning of Memory Mapping?5. What are types of RAMs?6. Define Stack?7. What is difference between Static memory and Dynamic Memory?8. What is NVRAM

EXP. No. 3: CMOS setup

AIM:To open CMOS setup and identify the configuration of the system.


1. Personal computer (PC)2. RAM (Random Access Memory) (Memory RAM ranges from 128MB to 3GB)3. Tool KitTHEORY

Computer stores most configuration information of one CMOS chip that retains the data even, when the computer is turned off. A battery near the CMOS chip provide enough electricity to enable the chip to maintain its data. If the battery is disconnected or fails setup information is lost password information is one of the part in computer setupis stored inCMOS.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDUREPower on the pc and restart and press delete key.

Wait for few seconds.To display CMOS setup. A program used to display and edit user configurable settings in the BIOS of a PC Also called BIOS Setup The BIOS setup is accessed at startup Soon after a PC is turned on, a short text message typically passes by very quickly on screen indicating which key to press (usually the DEL or F1 key) Most Configuration information is stored on one CMOS chip Retains the data even when the Computer is turned off A Battery near the CMOS chip provides enough electricity to enable the chip to maintain its data Updated via BIOS program Three primary BIOS brands American Megatrends (AMI), Award, Phoenix To enter setup, press key combination(may be Del, ESC, F1, F2, CTRL-ALT-ESC, CTRL-ALT-INS, CTRL-ALT-Enter, or CTRL-S)CMOS Set up: Main menu - Access to all submenus

Clock, hard drives, floppy drives

Normally set to Default or Auto for all

POST, boot order

Use to enable/disable power-saving features

Rarely need to manipulate on todays PCs

Set Password

SECURITY:

THIS feature will protect our cmos setup configuration it also gives the security for unauthorized users..

LOAD DEFAULT SETTINGS:

While we protect the load default the settings will be defaulted automatically.

SAVE AND EXIT:

After all settings press f10 and f2 to save and exit it is used to save our bios.

OBSERVATIONSKeep OS rescue disk. It is FDD used to start up a computer when the HDD fails to boot..

PRECAUTIONS

1. Note down the CMOS properties2. Note the important specifications and functions3. Do not install or remove Components/ IC from a circuit with power ON.4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC5. Adjust the Proper connections.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

1. Check the working condition of Computer

RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS

CMOS setup and identifiedthe configuration of the system.

APPLICATIONS

1. PC2. Embedded systems

QUESTIONS

1. Define CMOS2. List any four CMOS setup options.3. What is need for CMOS setup?4. What is BIOS?

EXP. No. 4: Print a summary of your system Hardware

AIM:To Print a summary of your system Hardware


1. Personal computer (PC)2. Tool KitTHEORY

The following list describe the types of reports that you can print: System summary

This option prints a summary of the devices that are installed on your computer or on the remote computer that you are managing. The summary includes the product version number, bus type, registered owner, and resource information, such as interrupt request line (IRQ) and input/output (I/O) usage. Selected class or device

This option prints a report for the device or the hardware type that you choose. The report includes the device name, device driver location, version and manufacturer information, and resources that are allocated to the device, such as I/O ports and memory addresses. All devices and system summary

This option prints a report for each device or hardware type that is installed on your computer, as well as a summary of your computer. If you have many devices installed on your computer, this may be a long document.WINDOW DIAGRAM

Option 1 - Performance Information

This option prints your Windows Experience Index ratings as well as your system manufacturer, total storage and RAM, basic graphics driver details, and a list of network adapters.There are several ways to get to this information such as by navigating through the "Control Panel" - this tip just lists one way.

1. Click the "Start" button.

2. Type in performance without pressing Enter.

3. Underneath "Control Panel" click on "Performance Information and Tools".

4. The "Performance Information and Tools" dialog box appears. Click the "View and print detailed performance and system information" link next to the printer icon.

5. A "More details about my computer" dialog appears. Scroll through the information, and click the "Print this page" button if desired.

PROCEDUREBy right clicking on my computer and go to properties.Then a window appears then note down the system configuration open run and cmd then type "system info" by typing this

command.the total system configuration is displayed including the system as version.

HOST name:SDPT.C

OS name:MS WINDOWS VISTA.OS version:6.0 N/A build 6000.OS: Microsoft corporation.Registered owner:IIET SDPTPRODUCT ID:89576-DEM-7332141-00029

DOMAIN:WorkshopRAM:1 GB

OBSERVATIONSWe identified the PCsystem Information and Printed on the paper.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Note down the total system configuration2. Note the important specifications and functions

TROUBLE SHOOTING:

1. Check the working condition of Computer 2. Check the all properties3. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board4. Check the Connecting wires.

RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS

Printed the summary of system Hardware.

APPLICATIONS

1. PC2. Embedded systems

QUESTIONS

1. Define System summary2. Define Hardware?3. Define Software?

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