ChinaChinaThe Enchanted LandThe Enchanted Land

China’s GeographyChina’s Geography

Modern China is a huge countryModern China is a huge countryApproximately 3,700,000 square milesApproximately 3,700,000 square milesSecond largest in land-area (after Russia), Second largest in land-area (after Russia),

third or fourth largest in total area (depending third or fourth largest in total area (depending on definition of total area [inland seas, great on definition of total area [inland seas, great lakes, etc.]) Russia, Canada, and perhaps the lakes, etc.]) Russia, Canada, and perhaps the US.US.

Home to approximately 1.25 billion people Home to approximately 1.25 billion people Almost ¼ of the total world populationAlmost ¼ of the total world populationIs the most populous country in the world.Is the most populous country in the world.

China’s GeographyChina’s Geography

With such a vast land area, China’s With such a vast land area, China’s geography is extremely varied- geography is extremely varied- breathtaking mountains, deep valleys, breathtaking mountains, deep valleys, huge rivers, deserts, etc.huge rivers, deserts, etc.

Ranges from deserts to tropical, from Ranges from deserts to tropical, from sometimes very cold to extremely hot.sometimes very cold to extremely hot.

Early ChinaEarly China

Essential Question:Essential Question:Suppose you find yourself with a small group Suppose you find yourself with a small group

of people in an uninhabited land. There are of people in an uninhabited land. There are none of the modern conveniences (TV, none of the modern conveniences (TV, internet, cell phones, cars, stores, etc.). What internet, cell phones, cars, stores, etc.). What do you need in order to survive? Where would do you need in order to survive? Where would you find or get those things? Where would you find or get those things? Where would you live? What type of house would you live you live? What type of house would you live in?in?

Early ChinaEarly China

Basically, mankind needs access to three Basically, mankind needs access to three things to survive: food and water, clothing, things to survive: food and water, clothing, and shelter.and shelter.

Based upon these needs and our knowledge Based upon these needs and our knowledge of China’s geography, where do you think of China’s geography, where do you think China’s first civilization began?China’s first civilization began?Huang He (Yellow River) ValleyHuang He (Yellow River) ValleyFarmed the land because of the rich soilFarmed the land because of the rich soilAs population increased, they began building As population increased, they began building

towns and thus the first Chinese civilization begantowns and thus the first Chinese civilization began

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty

Ruled China from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 Ruled China from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C.B.C.

Ruled from Anyang in northern ChinaRuled from Anyang in northern ChinaSocial ClassesSocial Classes

King and his family at the topKing and his family at the topAristocratsAristocratsFarmersFarmersTraders/ArtisansTraders/Artisans

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty

King ruled from northern ChinaKing ruled from northern China Used chariots and bronze weapons to expand territory. Used chariots and bronze weapons to expand territory.

Eventually would rule over most of the Yellow River Eventually would rule over most of the Yellow River ValleyValley

Kings selected warlords to rule over the kingdom’s Kings selected warlords to rule over the kingdom’s territoriesterritories Warlords are military leaders who command own Warlords are military leaders who command own

armiesarmies King’s armies were bigger, more well equipped King’s armies were bigger, more well equipped

and were tasked with defending the king and the and were tasked with defending the king and the borders of the kingdomborders of the kingdom

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty

Warlords and other royal officials made up Warlords and other royal officials made up the aristocrats- the upper class whose the aristocrats- the upper class whose wealth came from the land they owned wealth came from the land they owned and who passed their land and power from and who passed their land and power from generation to generationgeneration to generation

A few people were artisans and traders-A few people were artisans and traders-more on this later.more on this later.

Most were farmers-more on this laterMost were farmers-more on this later

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty

Worshipped gods and spirits- which were Worshipped gods and spirits- which were believed to live in mountains, rivers, and seas.believed to live in mountains, rivers, and seas.

Believed they had to keep the spirits happy by Believed they had to keep the spirits happy by making offerings of food and other goods.making offerings of food and other goods.

Believed that the spirits and gods would become Believed that the spirits and gods would become angry if not treated well-which could lead to poor angry if not treated well-which could lead to poor harvests or other natural disasters.harvests or other natural disasters.

Eventually these beliefs-as well as the structure Eventually these beliefs-as well as the structure of Shang society- led to Shang kings becoming of Shang society- led to Shang kings becoming cruel. cruel.

Group WorkGroup Work

Class divided into 3 groups: farmers, Class divided into 3 groups: farmers, merchants, and aristocratsmerchants, and aristocrats

Each group must:Each group must:Define who/what you areDefine who/what you areDefine the place you hold in societyDefine the place you hold in societyCome up with a symbol to represent your Come up with a symbol to represent your

groupgroupRefer to pages 232-234 in your textbookRefer to pages 232-234 in your textbook

Essential QuestionEssential Question

If government is responsible for ensuring If government is responsible for ensuring the general welfare and safety of its the general welfare and safety of its citizens, then that gives the government a citizens, then that gives the government a huge responsibility-and an awful lot of huge responsibility-and an awful lot of work to do. Who actually does the work of work to do. Who actually does the work of government? Who ensures that roads get government? Who ensures that roads get built, borders are secure, peace is kept-built, borders are secure, peace is kept-and all of the other “things” that and all of the other “things” that government does?government does?

Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty

Zhou Dynasty was established in 1045 Zhou Dynasty was established in 1045 B.C. by Wu Wang, an aristocrat who led a B.C. by Wu Wang, an aristocrat who led a rebellion against the Shang because of rebellion against the Shang because of their cruelty.their cruelty.

Zhou Dynasty ruled for more than 800 Zhou Dynasty ruled for more than 800 years (1045-221 B.C.)- longer than any years (1045-221 B.C.)- longer than any other dynasty.other dynasty.

Several important things come out of the Several important things come out of the Zhou Dynasty.Zhou Dynasty.

Government and BureaucracyGovernment and Bureaucracy

Zhou kings ruled much like the ShangZhou kings ruled much like the Shang Divided the kingdom into provinces and Divided the kingdom into provinces and

appointed rulersappointed rulersPosition was hereditary, and was passed down Position was hereditary, and was passed down

from generation to generationfrom generation to generation Bureaucracy- appointed officials who are Bureaucracy- appointed officials who are

responsible for different areas of governmentresponsible for different areas of governmentBureaucrats-those who work in the bureaucracy- Bureaucrats-those who work in the bureaucracy-

are responsible for the actual work of government.are responsible for the actual work of government.

Essential QuestionEssential Question

Think once again of all the things which Think once again of all the things which government is involved with and is government is involved with and is responsible for. Who gives the responsible for. Who gives the government the authority to do the things government the authority to do the things which it does? What happens if the which it does? What happens if the government does not keep its government does not keep its responsibilities? responsibilities?

Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven

Mandate of Heaven- heavenly law which Mandate of Heaven- heavenly law which gave the king the authority/power to rule. gave the king the authority/power to rule. King was chosen by heavenly order because King was chosen by heavenly order because of his talent and virtue.of his talent and virtue.

Was expected to rule with goodness and Was expected to rule with goodness and wisdomwisdom

King was chief link between heaven and King was chief link between heaven and earth.earth.

King’s chief duty was to keep the gods happy.King’s chief duty was to keep the gods happy.

Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven

Poor harvest or natural disaster meant the Poor harvest or natural disaster meant the king had failed in his duty and the people king had failed in his duty and the people then had the right to overthrow or replace then had the right to overthrow or replace the king.the king.

People also had the right to overthrow a People also had the right to overthrow a dishonest or evil rulerdishonest or evil ruler

King was not a god, but was chosen by King was not a god, but was chosen by the gods.the gods.

Essential QuestionEssential Question

In the fifth century B.C., the Zhou In the fifth century B.C., the Zhou Dynasty began to weaken as several Dynasty began to weaken as several states/provinces attempted to states/provinces attempted to dominate and establish their own dominate and establish their own dynasty. What are some potential dynasty. What are some potential reasons for the weakening of the reasons for the weakening of the Zhou Dynasty and the period of civil Zhou Dynasty and the period of civil war that followed?war that followed?

Period of the Warring StatesPeriod of the Warring States

Time of rivalry between competing statesTime of rivalry between competing statesRise of regional kingdoms, as competing Rise of regional kingdoms, as competing

states annexed smaller territoriesstates annexed smaller territoriesEmphasis on warfare in popular culture Emphasis on warfare in popular culture

and literatureand literatureEventually, there would arise an emphasis Eventually, there would arise an emphasis

on unity and the unification of Chinaon unity and the unification of China

Period of the Warring StatesPeriod of the Warring States

Advancements in technologyAdvancements in technology Iron arms as opposed to the earlier bronzeIron arms as opposed to the earlier bronzeUse of infantryUse of infantryDevelopment of calvaryDevelopment of calvary

Essential Question

Who was Laozi and how did his teachings attempt to bring peace to Chinese society?

DaoismDaoism

Based on the teachings of LaoziBased on the teachings of LaoziLived roughly the same time as ConfuciusLived roughly the same time as ConfuciusFaced with same uncertain and chaotic Faced with same uncertain and chaotic

times as Confucius, Laozi came up with a times as Confucius, Laozi came up with a different answer on how to find peace and different answer on how to find peace and restore order to society.restore order to society.

Daoism ReadingDaoism Reading

Read and text-mark the first 3 paragraphs Read and text-mark the first 3 paragraphs of the handout.of the handout.Text-mark= circle main ideas, underline Text-mark= circle main ideas, underline

supporting details, box unfamiliar termssupporting details, box unfamiliar termsOn a separate sheet of paper, answer the On a separate sheet of paper, answer the

discussion questions.discussion questions.

DaoismDaoism

Yin and Yang- opposing forces of natureYin and Yang- opposing forces of natureDaoists believe good and bad are Daoists believe good and bad are

connected- believe whatever happens is connected- believe whatever happens is simply part of yin/yangsimply part of yin/yang

Homework: Read the last section of the Homework: Read the last section of the handout (what Laozi thought about handout (what Laozi thought about government). Answer first discussion government). Answer first discussion question, then compare/contrast Daosim question, then compare/contrast Daosim and Confucianism. and Confucianism.

Order of OperationsOrder of Operations

Discuss Laozi’s ideas about the role of Discuss Laozi’s ideas about the role of governmentgovernment

Briefly define and discuss LegalismBriefly define and discuss LegalismCompare and Contrast Confucianism, Compare and Contrast Confucianism,

Daoism, and LegalismDaoism, and Legalism

LegalismLegalismMore fully developed by Hanfeizi in the 200s More fully developed by Hanfeizi in the 200s

B.C.B.C.Disagreed with the idea that honorable men Disagreed with the idea that honorable men

in government could bring peacein government could bring peaceBelieved that people are naturally evilBelieved that people are naturally evilSociety needs a system of harsh laws and Society needs a system of harsh laws and

strict punishment to force people to do their strict punishment to force people to do their dutyduty

Aristocrats liked it, because it favored force Aristocrats liked it, because it favored force and didn’t require rulers to be kindand didn’t require rulers to be kind

ActivityActivity

Using the material given to you, notes, and Using the material given to you, notes, and textbook (pages 236-239) you will:textbook (pages 236-239) you will:Construct a chart, Venn diagram, or other Construct a chart, Venn diagram, or other

visual representation comparing/contrasting visual representation comparing/contrasting Confucianism, Daoism, and LegalismConfucianism, Daoism, and Legalism

Then write a 3-5 sentence paragraph telling Then write a 3-5 sentence paragraph telling me which system you think is best and why.me which system you think is best and why.

Due at beginning of class tomorrow (October Due at beginning of class tomorrow (October 2)2)