China in the Middle China in the Middle AgesAges

Chapter 12

Section 4 The Ming Section 4 The Ming DynastyDynasty

China’s Ming rulers strengthened government and brought peace and prosperity . They supported trading voyages to other parts of Asia and to East Africa. Ming Dynasty China 1368–1644

Reading StrategyReading StrategyComplete

a chart like this one to show cause and effect links in China’s early trade voyages.

Traded goods and spread cultureTraded goods and spread culture

The emperor ended the voyagesThe emperor ended the voyages

Merchants in China grew richMerchants in China grew rich

CauseCauseZheng He traveled to parts of Asia and AfricaZheng He traveled to parts of Asia and Africa

Chinese officials did not like the Chinese officials did not like the wealth or new ideaswealth or new ideas

The Rise of MingThe Rise of MingAfter Kublai Khan’s death

in 1294, the Yuan dynasty began to lose control.

Mongol groups in Mongolia broke away.

Chinese groups wanted their own dynasty.

Rebellions drove the Mongols out of power.

In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang led a successful rebellion and became emperor of China.

The Rise of MingThe Rise of Ming

He renamed himself Hong Wu.He established Nanjing as the capital

and founded the Ming dynasty.Hong Wu was a cruel leader who killed

many officials for treason, or disloyalty to the government.

Yong Le was Hong Wu’s son who became emperor after Hong Wu’s death.

The Rise of MingThe Rise of MingYong Le moved the capital

to Beijing, where he built an area of palaces and government buildings known as the Imperial City.

The Forbidden City was in the center of the Imperial City.

Only top officials could enter the Forbidden City.

The Rise of MingThe Rise of Ming

The Ming government restored the civil service examinations and occasionally carried out a census, or a count of people, so they could collect taxes accurately.

China’s economy grew under the leadership of the early Ming emperors, increasing farming and trade.

The Rise of MingThe Rise of Ming

Ming Refor

ms

Restored civil service Restored civil service examsexamsCarried out a censusCarried out a census

Rebuilt farms and Rebuilt farms and canalscanalsPlanted new forests Planted new forests

& built new roads& built new roads

Imported new types of Imported new types of ricericeSupported the silk industry Supported the silk industry

& encouraged farmers to & encouraged farmers to grow cotton & weave clothgrow cotton & weave cloth

The Rise of MingThe Rise of Ming

The Ming emperors supported farmers, artisans and merchants.

Writers produced novels, or long fictional stories, and Chinese people watched dramas on stage.

The Rise of MingThe Rise of Ming

Review

How did the Ming rulers support farmers?

Ming rulers repaired and expanded the Grand Canal so that goods could be shipped from southern to northern China. They also imported new types of rice that grew faster and encouraged farmers to grow cotton and weave cloth.

The Rise of MingThe Rise of Ming

Review

What was the Forbidden City?

The Forbidden City was the very center of the Imperial City where China’s Emperors lived.

China Explores the World China Explores the World Ming emperors built a large fleet of ships

to discover areas outside of China.Emperor Yong Le sent the fleet on seven

overseas voyages from 1405 to 1431.Zheng He, a Muslim and court official,

led these expeditions.He took his fleet of ships to India,

Arabia, Asia, and East Africa, where he traded goods with other peoples.

China Explores the World China Explores the World

China Explores the World China Explores the World

China Explores the WorldChina Explores the WorldChinese officials complained about the

cost of the trips.They disapproved of new ideas brought

from the outside world and the growing wealth of merchants involved in trade.

The merchants contradicted Confucius’s teaching by placing their loyalty to themselves above that of society.

The voyages ended after Zheng He’s death.

China Explores the WorldChina Explores the WorldIn 1514, a fleet from Portugal arrived in China.

It carried the first Europeans to sail to China, and the first direct contact between China and Europe since Marco Polo.

The Portuguese wanted to trade with the Chinese, and they wanted the Chinese to become Christians.

China Explores the WorldChina Explores the WorldThe Chinese thought the Europeans

were barbarians, or uncivilized people.

The Chinese eventually let the Europeans set up a trading post in China, and European ideas were introduced to the Chinese.

Jesuit missionaries, a special group of Roman Catholic priests, arrived in China to convince the Chinese to become Christians.

China Explores the WorldChina Explores the World

The Ming dynasty fell after rulers weakened.

The Manchus attacked in northern China and captured Beijing.

China Explores the WorldChina Explores the WorldReviewWhat caused the loss of shipbuilding

technology?

The Ming emperors stopped the sea voyages Zheng He had authorized. Then they dismantled the boats and forbade any other ships to be built. In time, shipbuilding technology was forgotten.

China Explores the WorldChina Explores the WorldReviewWhat caused the Ming Dynasty to

decline and fall?Ming emperors held too much power

in their own hands. Ming rulers became weak, and greedy officials took over the country. They taxed the peasants heavily, and the peasants revolted. Law and order disappeared leaving the country open to an attack by the Manchus.

ReviewReview What was the purpose of the

Forbidden City and where was it located?

The Forbidden City was home to China’s emperors and was located in Beijing.

Review Review

How did the Chinese react to the arrival of Portuguese traders in 1514?

The Chinese thought they were barbarians and at first refused to trade with them.

Review Review

Why did Emperor Yong Le send Zheng He on his voyages? How did Zheng He’s voyages benefit China?

Zheng was sent on voyages to show off China’s power and open trade between China and other countries; benefits to China were that Chinese traders settled in Southeast Asia and India where they traded goods and spread Chinese culture. China’s wealth grew.

Review Review

How did Ming rulers make China’s government strong?

The Ming rulers restored civil service exams; carried out census to collect taxes; rebuilt farms and canals; planted new forests; built new roads; imported new types of rice; supported the silk industry; and encouraged farmers to start growing cotton.

Review Review

What did the Ming rulers accomplish?

The Ming rulers made the government strong; made agriculture thrive; advanced Chinese culture; sent a fleet of ships to other lands; and expanded trade.

Review Review disloyalty to disloyalty to

the the governmentgovernment

A. Nanjing

B. Portugal

C. Zhu Yuanzhang

D. Yong Le

E. Zheng He

F. treason

G. census

H. novel

I. barbarian

Review Review a count of the a count of the

number of number of peoplepeople

A. Nanjing

B. Portugal

C. Zhu Yuanzhang

D. Yong Le

E. Zheng He

F. treason

G. census

H. novel

I. barbarian

Review Review long fictional long fictional

storystoryA. Nanjing

B. Portugal

C. Zhu Yuanzhang

D. Yong Le

E. Zheng He

F. treason

G. census

H. novel

I. barbarian

Review Review uncivilized uncivilized

personpersonA. Nanjing

B. Portugal

C. Zhu Yuanzhang

D. Yong Le

E. Zheng He

F. treason

G. census

H. novel

I. barbarian

Review Review capital of capital of

China under China under the Ming the Ming

dynasty; this dynasty; this city was city was

located in located in southern southern

ChinaChina

A. Nanjing

B. Portugal

C. Zhu Yuanzhang

D. Yong Le

E. Zheng He

F. treason

G. census

H. novel

I. barbarian

Review Review a country in a country in Europe on the Europe on the

Iberian Iberian Peninsula that Peninsula that

wanted to trade wanted to trade with China in with China in

the 1500s; the the 1500s; the people from this people from this

country also country also wanted the wanted the Chinese to Chinese to

become become ChristiansChristians

A. Nanjing

B. Portugal

C. Zhu Yuanzhang

D. Yong Le

E. Zheng He

F. treason

G. census

H. novel

I. barbarian

Review Review rebel leader and rebel leader and

founder of the Ming founder of the Ming dynasty; he became dynasty; he became emperor of China in emperor of China in 1368 and ruled for 1368 and ruled for

30 years; he 30 years; he reunited the reunited the

country after the country after the Mongols were Mongols were

driven out; he was driven out; he was also known as Hong also known as Hong

WuWu

A. Nanjing

B. Portugal

C. Zhu Yuanzhang

D. Yong Le

E. Zheng He

F. treason

G. census

H. novel

I. barbarian

Review Review son of Hong Wu; he son of Hong Wu; he

succeeded his succeeded his father as emperor father as emperor of China; he moved of China; he moved

the capital north the capital north to Beijing in 1421; to Beijing in 1421; there he also built there he also built the Forbidden City, the Forbidden City,

home to China's home to China's emperors for more emperors for more

than 500 yearsthan 500 years

A. Nanjing

B. Portugal

C. Zhu Yuanzhang

D. Yong Le

E. Zheng He

F. treason

G. census

H. novel

I. barbarian

Review Review born Ma He, this born Ma He, this

Chinese Muslim and Chinese Muslim and navigator traveled navigator traveled on seven overseas on seven overseas voyages across the voyages across the Indian Ocean from Indian Ocean from 1405 to 1431; his 1405 to 1431; his voyages opened voyages opened

the door for trade the door for trade among China, India, among China, India,

and Africaand Africa

A. Nanjing

B. Portugal

C. Zhu Yuanzhang

D. Yong Le

E. Zheng He

F. treason

G. census

H. novel

I. barbarian