child support programme pakistan. hypothesis csp pilot hypothesis: linking additional cash support...
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CHILD SUPPORT CHILD SUPPORT PROGRAMMEPROGRAMME
PAKISTANPAKISTAN
HypothesisHypothesis CSP Pilot Hypothesis:CSP Pilot Hypothesis: linking additional linking additional
cash support to the FSP families with cash support to the FSP families with children would force them to invest in children would force them to invest in human capital development. By doing this, human capital development. By doing this, PBM can further assist ongoing government PBM can further assist ongoing government efforts towards achieving universal primary efforts towards achieving universal primary education.education.
RationaleRationale Food Support Programme is Pakistan’s largest cash Food Support Programme is Pakistan’s largest cash
transfer program. It reaches some 1.45 million transfer program. It reaches some 1.45 million households. The annual budget is close to US$ 70 households. The annual budget is close to US$ 70 million dollars per yearmillion dollars per year
Pakistan Bait-Ul-Mal with technical assistance from Pakistan Bait-Ul-Mal with technical assistance from WB and DFID decided to pilot and evaluate the WB and DFID decided to pilot and evaluate the impact of offering additional cash transfers impact of offering additional cash transfers conditional on families sending their children to conditional on families sending their children to school.school.
For the pilot, 5 districts were chosen with about For the pilot, 5 districts were chosen with about 50,000 FSP families. Out of them, about 27,000 50,000 FSP families. Out of them, about 27,000 families had children of ages 5 to 12. families had children of ages 5 to 12.
Percentage of families with children of Percentage of families with children of age 5 to 12 enrolled in school by age in age 5 to 12 enrolled in school by age in
the treatment areasthe treatment areas
0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,0100,0
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Male Female
General Objectives of CSPGeneral Objectives of CSP
Increase the number of children in Increase the number of children in primary education towards the primary education towards the achievement of Universal achievement of Universal
Primary EducationPrimary Education
Promote the investment in human Promote the investment in human capital for poverty reduction.capital for poverty reduction.
Specific Objectives of CSPSpecific Objectives of CSP Increase primary school registration Increase primary school registration
in the target districtsin the target districts Reduce dropout ratesReduce dropout rates Increase attendance levelsIncrease attendance levels Provide additional resources to the Provide additional resources to the
FSP beneficiaries having children of FSP beneficiaries having children of school going age.school going age.
Target PopulationTarget Population Initially the Programme will cover Initially the Programme will cover
existing beneficiaries of FSP with at existing beneficiaries of FSP with at least one child of primary school going least one child of primary school going age age
Additional beneficiaries will be added Additional beneficiaries will be added as long as space becomes available as long as space becomes available within the approved budget. New poor within the approved budget. New poor families will be chosen using proxy families will be chosen using proxy means test methodology (second part means test methodology (second part of the presentation)of the presentation)
BenefitsBenefits
Beneficiaries are entitled to receive Rs. Beneficiaries are entitled to receive Rs. 3,000 (US$ 50) a year from the FSP on 3,000 (US$ 50) a year from the FSP on quarterly basis quarterly basis
The CSP beneficiary is entitled to receive The CSP beneficiary is entitled to receive additional: additional:
* Rs. 200 (US$ 3.3) per month for one child * Rs. 200 (US$ 3.3) per month for one child
* Rs. 350 (US$ 5.8) if they have two or more * Rs. 350 (US$ 5.8) if they have two or more children of school going agechildren of school going age
ConditionalitiesConditionalities BeneficiariesBeneficiaries:: * Children of FSP families between the * Children of FSP families between the
age of 5-12 years.age of 5-12 years.
ConditionsConditions::* Be registered in the primary school * Be registered in the primary school
* Must * Must attend at least 80% of classesattend at least 80% of classes * Pass the final examination.* Pass the final examination.
Duration and Exit PolicyDuration and Exit Policy Households will stay in the Programme as Households will stay in the Programme as
long as their children meet the long as their children meet the conditionalities.conditionalities.
Benefits are suspended when:Benefits are suspended when: ** Children fail to comply with given Children fail to comply with given
conditionsconditions* Children have failed in final exam for * Children have failed in final exam for three consecutive times three consecutive times * Beneficiaries have provided false * Beneficiaries have provided false informationinformation..
Evaluation of the ProgrammeEvaluation of the Programme Treatment group:Treatment group:
Families participating in the Food Support Families participating in the Food Support program that have children in the age group 5-program that have children in the age group 5-12 in the treatment districts.12 in the treatment districts.
Control Control GroupGroup::
1) Current FSP beneficiaries in the control 1) Current FSP beneficiaries in the control districts districts
2) Non beneficiaries to be selected in the 2) Non beneficiaries to be selected in the treatment districtstreatment districts
Data requirementsData requirements
QUANTITATIVE DATAQUANTITATIVE DATA should be collected three times: should be collected three times: Baseline data:Baseline data: 2,500 households and 200 schools in the 2,500 households and 200 schools in the
treatment and control districts before the enrollment of treatment and control districts before the enrollment of the beneficiaries in the new program. the beneficiaries in the new program.
Assessment of 4 months into the program:Assessment of 4 months into the program: get ideas of get ideas of the impact of the program, the need for improvements in the impact of the program, the need for improvements in the design and implementation of the program.the design and implementation of the program.
A second data collection:A second data collection: follow up on the same follow up on the same households to assess the impact of the program after the households to assess the impact of the program after the end of the school year and the enrollment in the following end of the school year and the enrollment in the following school year.school year.
PROJECT CYCLEPROJECT CYCLE
TARGETINGTARGETING
ENROLLMENTENROLLMENT PAYMENTSPAYMENTS
COMPLIANCECOMPLIANCE
M&E-program performance
-service provision
M&E-program performance
-service provisionCASE MAGMTCASE MAGMT
ImplementationImplementation Design document was approved in June 2006Design document was approved in June 2006 First version of the operational manual in August First version of the operational manual in August
20062006 Development of the MIS by modules between Development of the MIS by modules between
September 2006 and April 2007September 2006 and April 2007 Enrollment process completed in December 2006Enrollment process completed in December 2006 First payment for January 2007First payment for January 2007 First control of conditions for March 2007First control of conditions for March 2007 Expansion of the programme to 100,000 households Expansion of the programme to 100,000 households
for August 2007. for August 2007. World Bank is preparing an investment loan to World Bank is preparing an investment loan to
support the expansion process.support the expansion process.
ANALYSIS OF ANALYSIS OF TARGETING TARGETING
MECHANISMSMECHANISMSFOR PAKISTAN FOR PAKISTAN
AND CCTs IN AND CCTs IN GENERALGENERAL
IMPORTANCE OF TARGETINGIMPORTANCE OF TARGETING Maximize : Maximize :
reduction in poverty reduction in poverty
increase in social welfareincrease in social welfare Targeting ensures that limited Targeting ensures that limited program resources reach the poorest program resources reach the poorest householdshouseholds
Targeting allow that the poor Targeting allow that the poor population are not excluded. population are not excluded.
TARGETING METHODOLOGIESTARGETING METHODOLOGIES
Geographic targetingGeographic targeting Proxy means testProxy means test Community based targetingCommunity based targeting
Some Programmes are using Some Programmes are using combinations of the above combinations of the above methodologiesmethodologies
WHY COMBINATIONS?WHY COMBINATIONS?
CCTs are expensive CCTs are expensive Programmes, and highly Programmes, and highly criticized if targeting systems criticized if targeting systems are not good.are not good.
More and more Programmes More and more Programmes are implementing combined are implementing combined systems to assure better systems to assure better targeting.targeting.
TARGETING SYSTEMS IN CCTsTARGETING SYSTEMS IN CCTs
Combination of GT and PMT.Combination of GT and PMT. Examples in Examples in Mexico, Mexico, PakistanPakistan, Colombia, Colombia
Combination of GT and CBT.Combination of GT and CBT. Examples in Kenya Examples in Kenya Combination of PMT and CBT.Combination of PMT and CBT. Example in Sri Example in Sri
LankaLanka Combination of GT, PMT and CBTCombination of GT, PMT and CBT. Example to . Example to
be implemented in Tanzania.be implemented in Tanzania.
GT-PMT-CBTGT-PMT-CBT
Geographic targeting is applied to Geographic targeting is applied to eliminate non-poor areaseliminate non-poor areas
Proxy means test is used to identify Proxy means test is used to identify individual households within poor areasindividual households within poor areas
Community based targeting is applied to Community based targeting is applied to prioritize list of beneficiaries and/or prioritize list of beneficiaries and/or verify extreme inclusion errorsverify extreme inclusion errors
Example: Sri LankaExample: Sri Lanka
GT-CBT-PMTGT-CBT-PMT
Geographic targeting is used to eliminate Geographic targeting is used to eliminate non-poor areasnon-poor areas
Community based targeting is applied to Community based targeting is applied to identify initial list of potential beneficiaries identify initial list of potential beneficiaries by local committeesby local committees
Proxy means test to verify inclusion errors Proxy means test to verify inclusion errors and order the list of potential beneficiaries and order the list of potential beneficiaries to produce a “priority list”to produce a “priority list”
Example: Tanzania?Example: Tanzania?
COMBINED SYSTEMSCOMBINED SYSTEMSADVANTAGESADVANTAGES Balanced participation of the Programme Balanced participation of the Programme
execution unit and communityexecution unit and community Acceptance by all stakeholdersAcceptance by all stakeholders Lower levels of exclusion and inclusion errorsLower levels of exclusion and inclusion errorsLIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS They tend to be expensive, specially in the They tend to be expensive, specially in the
initial stagesinitial stages Difficult to be accepted by stakeholders in the Difficult to be accepted by stakeholders in the
beginningbeginning If not well designed, system may end up in If not well designed, system may end up in
chaos.chaos.
Thank youThank you!!!!!!