JIB 325 Histology and Anatomy Assignment 2:

Chicken Dissection Report

Prepared by:

Debbra Marcel (Matrix no.: JP/8544/13)

Mohd Ismawandi bin Mohd Noor (Matrix no.: JP/8678/13)

Nor Raihanah binti Rahani (Matrix no.: JP/8783/13)

Introduction:

Chicken is a type of bird which is a vertebrate and

having a body plan that is adapted to its requirements

for flight. In this assignment, we conducted dissection

onto a chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) to learn

certain organs and systems in this avian species which

are similar to those in humans; and also other organs

and systems which are not.

Materials used:

• a male chicken for dissection

• scissors, scalpels, filet knives, or dissecting kits

• dissecting trays or cutting boards

Dissection tools…

scissors

teaser needle

scalpel

forceps

Overview…

1. External anatomy observation 2. Intergumentary system observation 3. Muscular system observation 4. Skeletal system observation 5. Digestive system observation 6. Respiratory system observation 7. Circulatory system observation 8. Urogenital system observation

External Anatomy

Figure 1: The external anatomy of a whole male chicken, a subject we use for the dissection

saddle

thigh

back

wing bow

breast

wings

main tail

hock

smaller sickles

sickles

feet

neck

beak

Figure 2: The closer anatomy of a chicken foot (metatarsus), a subject we use for the dissection

digital pads (swollen part)

metatarsal spur

interpad space (shrinked part)

digitus pedis (DP) primus

pulvinus metatarsalis

DP secundus

DP tetrius

DP quartus

shank

scales

Figure 3: The external anatomy of a chicken head, a subject we use for the dissection

point

nostril

upper mandible

lower mandible

wattles

comb

ear opening

ear lobe

pupil

iris

palpebra dorsalia

palpebra ventralia

blade

Intergumentary System

Figure 4: The chicken top of wing anatomy

primaries

primary coverts

tertials

secondaries

lesser wing coverts

median wing coverts

secondary coverts

Figure 5: The chicken underside of wing anatomy

lesser under coverts

axillaries

greater under coverts

primaries secondaries

Figure 6: The anatomy of a feather

downy barbs

vane

barbs

main shaft

proximal umbilicus

calamus

Figure 7: The feather anatomy under a stereomicroscope

Figure 8: Skin (after de-feathering process) and beak are included in the intergumentary system of this chicken

Muscular System

Figure 9: After breast part being skinned off, 2 pectoralis muscles can be seen, which are responsible for the power of flight.

pectoralis minor (pulls wing up)

pectoralis major (pulls wing down)

Figure 10: The muscles found on the abdominal part of the chicken

rectus abdominis

transversus abdominis

internal oblique

external oblique

Figure 11: The muscle anatomy of inner chicken thigh

satorius

vastus lateralis rectus femoris

vastus medialis

Figure 12: The muscle anatomy of outer chicken leg

peroneus

grastocnemius

tibialis anterior

Figure 13: The muscle anatomy of inner chicken leg

semi- membranous

adductor magnus

adductor longus

Skeletal System

Figure 14: The anatomy of chicken abdominal skeleton (after muscles removed)

pelvis (ischium)

pelvis (illium)

hip socket (acetabulum)

scapula (shoulder blade)

wishbone (clavicles)

sternum

coracoid

Figure 15: The anatomy of chicken wing skeleton (after muscles removed)

shoulder joint

humerus

radius

ulna

elbow

carpal joint

alula

metacarpals

phalanges

Figure 16: The anatomy of chicken thigh skeleton (after muscles removed)

femoral trochanter

femur

patella

patellar sulcus

Figure 17: The skeletal anatomy of chicken leg and feet (after muscles removed)

fibular head

fibula

fibular spine

anterior cnemial crest

medial condyle

hypotarsus

lateral plantar crista

medial plantar crista

metatarsal 1

trochlea for metatarsal

Figure 18: The anatomy of chicken keel, the extension of sternum.

Digestive System

Figure 19: The internal organ of the male chicken, in-situ.

heart

crop

ventriculus

proventriculus

intestine

liver

Figure 20: The digestive organs of the male chicken, ex-situ.

v

Figure 21: The cross-sectional anatomy of gizzard (ventriculus) of the male chicken

saccus cranialis

cuticle

glandular layer

end of esophagus

papilla glandularis intermediate zone

cranial sac

ventriculopyloric orifice

proventriculus

ventriculus

Figure 22: The anatomy of a liver of the male chicken

gall bladder

left hepatic lobe (lobus hepatic

sinister)

right hepatic lobe (lobus hepatic dexter)

vena cava caudalis

Respiratory System

Figure 23: The anatomy of the male chicken respiratory system

trachea

lungs

air sacs membrane (avian has 9 air sacs

for buoyancy)

Circulatory System

Figure 24: The anatomy of a chicken heart, in-situ.

Figure 25: The cross section anatomy of the chicken heart

ascending aorta

left atrium

left ventricle

right atrium

right ventricle

left pulmonary

artery

Urogenital System

Figure 26: The anatomy of chicken urogenital system, in-situ.

testis (1 pair)

aorta

cloaca

deferent duct

ishiatic artery

kidney

ureter

caudal vena cava

epididymis

Figure 27: The adrenal gland of chicken (original location above kidney)

cortex (outer part)

medulla (inner part)

REMARKS: ALL PICTURES USED IN THIS REPORT WERE STRICTLY TAKEN DURING THE DISSECTION. NO

INTERNET COPY COMMITTED.

Summary:

The systems in chicken (avian) and other mammals including human

are having some distinct characteristics such as:-

1. 9 air sacs (for flight) connected to lungs.

2. Crop (food storage before enter stomach)

3. Proventriculus (pre-stomach) and ventriculus (true stomach)

4. Feather (instead of fur or hair)

5. Wings (for filght) & pectoralis muscles (air power of flight) instead of

limbs.

6. Beak (instead of mouth and teeth)

7. Unique structure of leg and feet.