Chemistry review

by William Ortega

Matter

• Matter is everything that takes up space and has density. For example we are matter, plants, rocks, almost everything is matter in the our world.

States of matter• Liquid-is matter that fills the shape

of it’s container. The particles move but are still bond together. Examples of liquid are water, lemonade, coffee, juice, and smoothies.

• Solid-matter that has a definite shape. The particles are still they don’t move. Examples are ice, us, a pencil, a wall, and a television.

• Gas- matter that has no definite shape expect when put in a container like a balloon. The particles move around ever quickly. Examples are Co2, hot air, steam, clouds, and fog.

Physical & Chemical properties

• Physical properties are observed or measured without change the matter. Examples are color, melting point, boiling point, density, and odor

• Chemical properties are reactions between elements. Examples are reaction of water, heat of combustion, PH, electromotive force, and acid

Physical and Chemical change

• Physical change is when you change the extensive properties of an object but it’s still the same substance, this can be undone. Examples of this are cutting paper, water into ice, cutting wood, a vase breaking, and stretching a rubber band.

• Chemical change is when a object’s substance is change into a different substance, this can’t be undone. Examples of this are burning wood, evaporation, burning paper, decaying animals, and a cocoon into a butterfly.

The Atom

• The atom is the smallest unit in the world.• It has three parts the electron, the proton, and the neutron.• The protons are positively charged, the electron is

negatively charged, and the neutron is neutrally charged.• The proton and neutron are together to form the necleus

and the electrons surround the necleus.

Elements • An element is a substance that is made from one atom.• Examples of an element is gold, copper, silver, carbon, and

hydrogen.

Compounds

• A compound is a substance with two or more atoms.• Examples of a compound are Co2, H2O, NaCl,NH3, and

C2H5OH

The Periodic Table

• The periodic table is an arrangement of elements based on the # of protons.

• The periodic table has four things, the name, the atomic #, the atomic mass, and the elements symbol.

• In the periodic table, the vertical lines are chemically similar and are called groups, and the horizontal lines are called periods.

Substances and mixtures• A substance is matter that

takes up space and has mass

• A mixture is a substance made with two or more materials with no chemical reaction, the mixture can be separated back to the materials that it was made with.

Heterogeneous & Homogenous

• A heterogeneous mixture is when different substances can be seen physically. Examples of heter. are oil & water, sandy water, soil sample, chicken noodle soup, and salsa.

• A homogenous mixture is when you can’t see any of the materials used to make it. Examples of homo. are wine, salty water, sugar solution, orange juice, and coffee.

Solutions • A solution is a homogenous mixture with two or more

substances. It can be any phase.• There are two parts to a solution, a solute and a solvent.• The solute is what is being dissolved in the solvent.• The solvent is the liquid that dissolves the solute.• Example of solutions are salt and water, kool-aid and water,

ice tea mix and water, baking soda and water, and sugar and water.

• Key, solute is orange and the solvent is red

Solubility

• The amount of solute that can be dissolved at a certain temperature.