Chemistry Alphabet

Book

Taylor Poteet6th Period

A is for Atom

The atom was discovered by Henry Mosely in 1912. He determined that the number of

protons told you what the element was and also was equal to the atomic number. An atom

is a representative particle that cannot be broken down.

B is for Boyles Law

Boyles Law is the relationship between volume and pressure. The two subjects are inversely related

meaning as one increases, the other decreases and vice versa. The

equation is P1V1=P2V2.

C is for Covalent Bonds

A covalent bond is 2 or more nonmetals put together to form a compound. Covalent bonds share electrons and are also called molecules.

To find the shared electrons and lone pairs you use the NASL method.

D is for Dilution

Dilution is a less concentrated solution. To dilute the stock solution you add solvent making the solution less concentrated. To

calculate dilution, you use M1V1=M2V2.

E is for Exothermic Reaction

An exothermic reaction is a reaction that gives off heat. Heat is formed so the energy is on the product side of the reaction. Enthalpy (heat content of a system) decreases in an

exothermic reaction.

F is for Fission

Fission is where the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts. Nuclear fission releases

very large amounts of energy. Nuclear fission was discovered by Otto Hahn in 1938.

G is for Gas

A gas is a state of matter. It doesn’t have a fixed shape therefor it takes the shape of the container its in. Gases are the nonmetals on the periodic table which are located on the

right side.

H is for Homogenous Mixture

Homogeneous is Latin for "the same kind” so a homogenous mixture contains only one kind

of compound or element. The mixture has a uniform composition so it is hard to tell that

its more than one substance.

I is for Intensive

An intensive property is a property that the mass doesn’t play a factor in. An example is

the boiling point. The mass doesn’t effect the BP so it is an intensive property.

J is for Joule

The joule is the basic unit for energy. The amount of energy required to raise the

temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius is a Joule. In the metric system

it is equivalent to a calorie.

K is for Kinetic

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. One type of kinetic energy is thermal energy.

Thermal energy is the energy a substance has related to its temperature.

L is for Lewis Dot Structure

The Lewis Dot Structure is a representation of a molecule showing the valence electrons as

dots. Gilbert Newton Lewis developed the Lewis Dot structure. He came up with it to

have a way of explaining valence electrons to his students.

M is for Molarity

Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. To calculate molarity, you

divide moles by liters. Molarity is also called concentration and can be represented by “M”.

N is for Net Ionic Equation

A net ionic equation is a chemical equation that shows only the elements that oxidize or

reduce. First you write the chemical equation. Then you write the ionic equation with all the

charges. Last, you remove all elements that kept their same charges.

O Is for Oxidation

Oxidation is the loss of electrons during a reaction. The element or compound then

becomes more positive. If you have an oxidation reaction occur, you must have a

reduction reaction occur.

P is for Periodic Table

The Periodic Table is an arrangement of the elements by increasing atomic number. Dmitri

Mendeleev invented the Periodic Table. He arranged the elements by atomic mass rather than atomic number so we don’t use his exact invention today but he came up with the idea.

Q is for q=mc t

We use the equation above to calculate the heat absorbed or released in a reaction. M is

mass. C is specific heat and delta t is change in temperature.

R is for Reduction

Redox is when electrons are transferred from one substance to another. Reduction is when the substance gains electrons making it more

negative. If you have a reduction reaction, there also has to be oxidation.

S is for Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is used when you are given one value of a substance and you need to find

another value. Most of the time you use the mole ratio and molar mass. An example of a stoichiometry question is: You have 67 grams

of Cl2, how many moles do you have?

T is for Tetrahedral

A tetrahedral is a model of an atom with 4 bonds coming out of the nucleus. Each bond represents 2 electrons. Some examples of a

tetrahedral is CH4 and PO43-.

U is for Ultraviolet Radiation

UV radiation is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. UV radiation has shorter

wavelengths than microwaves but longer than gamma rays. It also has a high frequency .

V is for VSEPR

VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. It minimizes repulsion of shared

and unshared pairs of electrons around central atom.

W is for Water

Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. H2O can be a solid, liquid, or a gas. It is also

the universal solvent.

X is for Xenon

Xenon is a nonmetal in the noble gas group on the periodic table. Noble gases do not

combine with any other element because it has a full shell of valence electrons. Xenon has

an atomic mass of 131.29 and an atomic number that is 54.

Y is for Yield

Yield is the arrow between reactants and products in a chemical equation. The

reactants yield the products. The yield can also be double sided which means the

chemical equation will work either way.

Z is for Zinc

Zinc is an element on the Periodic Table. It is a transition metal. A transition metal is an element with varying valence electrons

depending on their charge.